"Zur Einscharrung der Cadaver" befasst sich als erste wissenschaftliche Arbeit mit den Begräbnispraktiken und den Begräbnisorten der anatomischen Einrichtungen in Dresden von 1748 bis 1864. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass es sich bei den Begräbnissen um keine ehrvollen christlichen Bestattungen handelte und wo sich diese ehemaligen Bestattungsplätze im heutigen Stadtbild präzise verorten lassen. Die Ergebnisse zu den Begräbnispraktiken sind zudem Erkenntnisse, welche deutschland-, ja sogar weltweit bisher einmalig sind und weitere Fragen eröffnen.:Inhaltsverzeichnis I 1. Einleitung 1 1.1. Einführung 1 1.2. Forschungsstand: Zur Notwendigkeit des Themas der vorliegenden Arbeit 3 1.3. Zielstellung, Methoden und Aufbau der Arbeit 5 1.4. Zu den Quellen 7 2. Zur "Ausmittelung" der Begräbnisplätze 12 2.1. Der Begräbnisplatz des Collegium medico-chirurgicum 12 2.1.1. Kirchhöfe im Interessenfeld des Medizinalkollegs 12 2.1.2. Die Suche nach einem geeigneten Begräbnisort in der Festungsanlage 18 2.1.3. Platzmangel und Standortnachteile – Die Kadaverplätze von 1748 - 1813 26 2.2. Der Begräbnisplatz der Chirurgisch-Medizinischen Akademie 36 2.2.1. Der Anatomiebetrieb läuft – Ein akademieeigener Anatomiefriedhof fehlt 36 2.2.2. Beschwerden drängen auf Verlegung des Begräbnisplatzes 41 2.2.3. Die Schließung des Kadaverplatzes am Eliasfriedhof 51 2.3. Die Bereiche der Kadaverplätze nach deren Schließung 52 2.3.1. Zur Verortung der ehemaligen Kadaverplätz - Methodik und Umsetzung 53 2.3.2. Analyse zu Spätfolgen durch Verortung der Begräbnisplätze 60 3. Die Durchführung des Begräbnisses der Anatomieleichen 65 3.1. Begräbnispraxis unter Differenzierung in „ehrliches“ und „unehrliches“ Begräbnis 65 3.1.1. Der Transport zum Begräbnisplatz 67 3.1.2. Die "Einscharrung" 75 3.1.3. Widerstand gegen die Begräbnispraxis 81 3.2. Der Anatomieaufwärter – Der Schuldige der "nachlässigen Einscharrung"? 84 4. Fazit 89 Abkürzungsverzeichnis II Abbildungsverzeichnis IV Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis V Anhang XVIII

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The master thesis "Zikmund Reach and his photographic collection" focuses on Zikmund Reach's photographs of old Prague. Firstly theis describes the life and familly of the publisher and follows by gradual work of an publisher. The subsequent chapter focuses on photography as a commodity and presents briefly life and work poof a French photographer Eugène Atget. The next part of the thesis devotes on the main photographic topics of the work od Zikmund Reach including an extensive collection of "Prague types" which is a sociological reflecion of society in the second half of 19th century compared with a similar collection of "Viennies types". The main topic is based on the photographic albums of "Disappeared Prague" which aren't known yet. In conclusion the thesis focuses on archives in which the collection of Zikmund Reach is stored in and their mutual thematic coherence.

The master thesis "Zikmund Reach and his photographic collection" focuses on Zikmund Reach's photographs of old Prague. Firsty theis describes the history of Czech photography, which if followed by the topic of Prague's redevelopment and its influence on photography. The main topic is based on the photographic albums of "Disappeared Prague" and a extensive collection of "Prague types", which is a period, sociological reflecion of society in the second half of 19th century. Finally the thesis focuses on archives in which is the collection of Zikmund Reach stored in and their mutual thematic coherence. In conclusion the thesis focuses on the Institute of Art History Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and its collection of photographs which come from the collection of Zikmund Reach.

Ethnographie, Kulturgeschichte oder Folkloristik? Die staatssozialistische Version der Volkskunde als wissenschaftliche Disziplin war nicht einfach zu definieren. Zwischen einer systemübergreifend kompatiblen Grundlagenforschung und einer spezifisch staatssozialistischen Anwendungsorientierung oszillierte die Arbeit der beiden wichtigsten Institute der ostdeutschen und tschechischen Volkskunde der 1970er und 1980er Jahre: des Wissenschaftsbereichs Kulturgeschichte/Volkskunde des Zentralinstituts für Geschichte an der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR und des Instituts für Ethnographie und Folkloristik an der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten des wissenschaftlichen Wandels und der Arbeitsalltage der tschechischen und deutschen staatssozialistischen Akademie-Volkskunde ergaben sich aus den jeweiligen Traditionen und den zeitgenössischen Bezügen des Faches sowie aus den politischen Veränderungen seit Beginn der 1970er Jahre auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene. Es ergab sich für die Mitarbeiter beider Institute ein Perpetuum Mobile des Ressourcenwandels: Im wissenschaftlichen Bereich konnten Ressourcen über Forschungsaktivitäten zu politiknahen Themen erweitert werden, während mittels der verfügbaren Ressourcen in den Bereichen Politik und Öffentlichkeit aktiv dafür gesorgt werden konnte, dass gerade diese Themen ständig aktualisiert wurden. Nicht nur Erfolg und Scheitern der formell befugten Akteure, die Basis "im Plan" zu halten, lassen sich an konkreten Konflikten im Arbeitsalltag ablesen, sondern auch die jeweils aktivierten Ressourcen der Beteiligten. Daher bietet sich ein alltagsgeschichtlicher Zugang an. Mit Hilfe des transnationalen Vergleichs lassen sich system- wie national bedingte Charakteristika der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit im Staatssozialismus zwischen 1972 und 1990 herausarbeiten. / Cultural Engineers. Social anthropology at the Academies of Sciences in the GDR and in Czechoslovakia 1972-1990 Mapping two state socialist versions of social anthropology is one of the tasks of this thesis. Providing insight into academia as an example for a state socialist work place the thesis furthermore adresses interdisciplinary discussions about the distribution of power under the conditions of late state socialism. The thesis concentrates on the Academy of Sciences for its prominent role in state socialist research, both in the GDR and in Czechoslovakia. Here, the German Wissenschaftsbereich Kulturgeschichte/Volkskunde with departments in Berlin, Rostock and Dresden, and the Czech Ustav etnografii a folkloristiku with departments in Prague and Brno, are of interest. Comparing the routines and conflicts that evolved after 1972 in these research institutes the thesis analyzes the working conditions of state socialist social anthropology in a non-university setting. Not only was the research of present or past folk cultures part of the work schedule. Another side of the coin was the implementation of cultural and social policies of the Communist Party. The study proves the strength of transnational comparison as a valid method for historiography and the strength of the model of resources as introduced by Mitchell Ash.

ThDr. Marketa Langer Praha, 2018 THE THEOLOGICAL LEGACY OF CZECH MODERNISM IN THE LIFE AND WORK OF FRANTIŠEK BÍLEK ABSTRACT This thesis looks at the life and work of the artist Frantisek B lek in relation to the theological legacy of Czech Catholic modernism at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth century over three chapters. Its objective is to answer three questions: Was the artist the mystic he was perceived to be at the time? Can he be termed a modernist? What were his reasons for joining the Czechoslovak Church when it was founded in 1920? The study uses the method of hypotheses which are stated in advance in the questions posed, and then subsequently tested. Another method used is an analysis and comparison of the approach and attitudes of Czech society to the artist during his life. The introductory chapter describes the study's key indicators with a brief description of the issues, and also the form and structure used. Part A looks at the environment during the emergence of modern Europe; in particular the conditions giving rise to the struggle for modernism, the circumstances of the First Vatican Council, the Czech Catholic reform movement and the European modernism movement in relation to the central subject of this thesis, artist Frantisek B lek. Each of the three chapters looks at one...

The image of a school is mechanism that defines a certain school amongst other schools in the vicinity, as well as the country. The image model developed in this study, can be used as a management tool through which the school can evaluate all the different facets contributing to the image of a school, and identify positive and negative factors requiring action plans for maintenance or development. Transvalia High School has been one of the top 100 schools in South-Africa since 2009. The evaluation done by Perry (2009) does, however, only focus on the academic side of the school and not on the other factors as defined by Howard (1998:15) that contributes to the image of a school. The question thus is how the image of Transvalia presents itself, and what could possibly be done to enhance it and strengthen its position between the top 100 schools in South-Africa. It was decided to research die possible factors as identified by the literature study, that supports the image of the school and the measure of their impact. Through prioritization of the factors, management actions were derived to enhance the image of the school. Research was done through a quantitative questionnaire with a sample size of 450 students, parents and teachers randomly selected from each class in the school. The design of the questionnaire stemmed from the literature study done. The results from the questionnaires were used to: • test the validity, reliability and comparative fit of the questionnaire; and • identify critical, development and maintenance areas of the image of the school. Only 345 valid questionnaires could be used in the study. Additional comments from the questionnaires were divided into positive and negative areas, with several main focus points. The qualitative data were then sorted into these focus areas and quantified. The results of the questionnaire as a measuring instrument showed beyond doubt, that the questionnaire was sufficiently valid and reliable to measure the image of a school. A structural equation model was developed through factor analysis and the statistical department of the North-West University to determine the exact influence of each of the pillars onto the image as well as onto each other. The following results were obtained: • Only 79% of the environment contributes to the image of the school where the environment consists of the parents, the Department of Education and the school governing body; • The school culture consists of the history of the school, the climate within the school, recognition, appearance, discipline, safety and religion. Only 82% of the school culture contributes to the image. • Approximately 85% of Product Catalogue supports the image. The Product Catalogue is supported by academics, sport, leadership and tertiary alignment. • Lastly, the image is supported by 84% of delivery mechanisms that consists of the principal, teachers, infrastructure and technology of the school. From the study and the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations were made: • Parent involvement in supporting their children with homework and with sport and fundraising activities, is insufficient and requires development; • The selection of teachers, especially in the lower grades, has to have stricter requirements in line with subject needs; • Safety at school and in particular evacuation plans, requires attention and drills; • Discipline application between the teacher core has to be standardized and focused on reducing smoking students, intensified; • The perception of an imbalance between sport and academics requires proper information distribution; • Formal leadership courses have to be introduced in to the product catalogue; • Performance appraisal for teachers through a Balanced Scorecard and individual development plans have to be introduced; and • A visible marketing plan utilising the various media available have to be developed. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The image of a school is mechanism that defines a certain school amongst other schools in the vicinity, as well as the country. The image model developed in this study, can be used as a management tool through which the school can evaluate all the different facets contributing to the image of a school, and identify positive and negative factors requiring action plans for maintenance or development. Transvalia High School has been one of the top 100 schools in South-Africa since 2009. The evaluation done by Perry (2009) does, however, only focus on the academic side of the school and not on the other factors as defined by Howard (1998:15) that contributes to the image of a school. The question thus is how the image of Transvalia presents itself, and what could possibly be done to enhance it and strengthen its position between the top 100 schools in South-Africa. It was decided to research die possible factors as identified by the literature study, that supports the image of the school and the measure of their impact. Through prioritization of the factors, management actions were derived to enhance the image of the school. Research was done through a quantitative questionnaire with a sample size of 450 students, parents and teachers randomly selected from each class in the school. The design of the questionnaire stemmed from the literature study done. The results from the questionnaires were used to: • test the validity, reliability and comparative fit of the questionnaire; and • identify critical, development and maintenance areas of the image of the school. Only 345 valid questionnaires could be used in the study. Additional comments from the questionnaires were divided into positive and negative areas, with several main focus points. The qualitative data were then sorted into these focus areas and quantified. The results of the questionnaire as a measuring instrument showed beyond doubt, that the questionnaire was sufficiently valid and reliable to measure the image of a school. A structural equation model was developed through factor analysis and the statistical department of the North-West University to determine the exact influence of each of the pillars onto the image as well as onto each other. The following results were obtained: • Only 79% of the environment contributes to the image of the school where the environment consists of the parents, the Department of Education and the school governing body; • The school culture consists of the history of the school, the climate within the school, recognition, appearance, discipline, safety and religion. Only 82% of the school culture contributes to the image. • Approximately 85% of Product Catalogue supports the image. The Product Catalogue is supported by academics, sport, leadership and tertiary alignment. • Lastly, the image is supported by 84% of delivery mechanisms that consists of the principal, teachers, infrastructure and technology of the school. From the study and the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations were made: • Parent involvement in supporting their children with homework and with sport and fundraising activities, is insufficient and requires development; • The selection of teachers, especially in the lower grades, has to have stricter requirements in line with subject needs; • Safety at school and in particular evacuation plans, requires attention and drills; • Discipline application between the teacher core has to be standardized and focused on reducing smoking students, intensified; • The perception of an imbalance between sport and academics requires proper information distribution; • Formal leadership courses have to be introduced in to the product catalogue; • Performance appraisal for teachers through a Balanced Scorecard and individual development plans have to be introduced; and • A visible marketing plan utilising the various media available have to be developed. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, la Franche-Comté rejoint le réseau des sociétés savantes qui ont pour objectif de contribuer « au progrès des sciences et à la perfection des talents » : une académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts est établie à Besançon. Les académiciens comtois entreprennent dès lors de nombreux travaux et s’emploient à favoriser l’émulation de leurs concitoyens en organisant régulièrement des concours. De cette activité qui perdure jusqu’en 1789 témoignent les archives manuscrites de la compagnie, aujourd’hui conservées à la Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon et consultables en ligne sous forme numérisée. Menée avec un regard littéraire, l’exploration de ce vaste fonds d’archives a permis de sélectionner un échantillon de discours restés inédits et d’en proposer une édition critique. Le genre de l’éloge, très lié à l’institution académique, méritait que l'on entreprenne ce travail de transcription et d’annotation : on trouvera ainsi dans cet ouvrage une série de pièces épidictiques, composées par les académiciens eux-mêmes ou provenant d’individus étroitement liés à l’académie par leur fonction de prédicateurs ou leur participation aux concours. On a en particulier cherché à démêler quelles étaient les sources et les influences de ces différentes productions comtoises, à analyser l’originalité et le style de celles-ci, tout en apportant les éclaircissements historiques utiles à leur compréhension, le genre épidictique procédant volontiers par allusions. L’étude met ainsi en avant la présence de l’éloquence littéraire en Franche-Comté à la veille de la Révolution, et les efforts d’appropriation de ses codes génériques par les lettrés de la province / In the middle of the 18th century, la Franche-Comté joined the network of learned societies whose objective was to contribute “to the progress of science and to the perfection of talents”: an academy of sciences, belles lettres and arts was established in Besançon. Comtois academicians thus undertook many works and were committed to promoting the emulation of their fellow citizens by regularly organizing competitions. The company’s handwritten archives, which today are kept in the Besançon municipal library and may be consulted on line in digitized form, bear witness to this activity, which continued until 1789. Conducted from a literary viewpoint, the exploration of these vast archival collections has made it possible to select a sample of previously unpublished speeches and to propose a critical edition of them. The encomium genre, closely linked to the academic institution, was worthy of our undertaking this transcription and annotation work : thus, we find in this work a series of epideictic plays, composed by the academicians themselves or by individuals having close ties to the academy through their role as clergymen or their participation in competitions. We sought in particular to unravel the sources and the influences of these various productions, to analyze their originality and style, while providing the historical clarification needed to understand them, the epideictic genre lending itself freely to the use of allusions. The study thus highlights the presence of literary eloquence in Franche-Comté on the eve of the French revolution, and the efforts to appropriate its general codes by the scholars of the province / Im mittleren XVIII. Jahrhundert schließt sich die Franche-Comté dem Kreis der Gelehrtengesellschaften an, die « zu dem Fortschritt der Wissenschaften und der Vervollkommnung der Talente » beitragen sollen : zu dieser Zeit wird in Besançon eine Akademie der Wissenschaften, der schönen Literatur und der Künste gegründet. Ihre Mitglieder unternehmen von diesem Moment an zahlreiche Forschungen und organisieren regelmäßig Wettbewerbe, um unter ihren Mitbürgern die wissenschaftliche Wetteifer zu fördern. Diese bis zur Revolution hindauerndeTätigkeit bezeugen heute die akademischen, von der Stadtbibliothek Besançon aufbewahrten und nunmehr on-line erhältlichen Handschriften. Die aus einem literarischen Aussichtspunkt geführte Erforschung dieses umfangreichen Archivguts ermittelte eine Auswahl unveröffentlicht gebliebener Reden und ermöglichte, davon eine kritische Auflage vorzulegen. Gewiß waren die hier vorgeführten akademischen Lobreden, insofern als sie zu einem mit der Institution eng verbundenen literarischen Genre gehören, einer gedruckten Übertragung und einer kritischen Ausgabe würdig. Dieses Werk schlägt also eine Folge von epidiktischen Stücken vor, die entweder von Akademikern selbst verfaßt wurden, oder von Einzelnen, die als Prediger oder als Wettbewerber ein enges Verhältnis zur Akademie hatten. In der vorliegenden Studie werden ins besondere die Urquellen und Einflüsse nachgeforscht, welche die Schriften der Akademiker von Besançon geprägt haben, und die Eigenart und der eigentümliche Stil dieser Schriften untersucht. Nützliche bzw. notwendige historische Erläuterungen werden dem Leser zu einer besseren Verständnis der Texte helfen, die – dem epidiktischen Genre gemäß – oft anspielungsreich sind. Hervorgebracht wird, wie die literarische Redekunst sich in der Franche-Comté am Vorabend der französischen Revolution entwickelt hat, und wie sich die Gelehrten dieser Provinz bemüht haben, sich die Merkmale des Genres anzueignen

This dissertation thesis deals with a comparison of teaching of economic subjects at secondary special schools of economics in the Czech republic nad Germany. The thesis focuses on a different usage of conceptions and organizational forms of teaching that undoubtedly have a great impact on a teaching process. I also investigate other parameters such as the contentual aspect of education, didactic principles or the usage of didactic technics during the teaching process. It is a teacher, above all, who impacts the instruction by making a choice between traditional and problem-based teaching, and therefore fundamentally affects the teaching process, the extent to which students are involved in their lessons, as well as students' activity and motivation. The goal of my thesis is to compare teaching of economic subjects in the Czech Republic and Germany. The comparison is focused on an affirmation of differentiated instruction, on its impact on different levels of activity and motivation of students and the extent to which students are involved in their lessons. I would also like to refer to the fact that using of the problem-based teaching method leads to an assurance of meeting requested results grounded in crucial and professional competences of general educational programmes. To compare the types of teaching processes I have chosen to use a direct observation method that I have realised by making inspections of classes at business colleges, economic lyceums in the Czech Republic and at business grammar schools in two Federal Republics.