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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Genèse et crise de la sociologie : étude sur l’épistémologie de Raymond Boudon

Mohamed, Ali 16 May 2011 (has links)
La sociologie a proposé une multitude d’explications sur divers phénomènes sociaux. Cependant, plusieurs sociologues, dont Boudon se sont surtout intéressés à l’aspect scientifique de la sociologie. Les questions les plus souvent posées lorsqu’on entreprend de telles études se penchent essentiellement sur le caractère scientifique de la discipline sociologique. Quels sont les critères de scientificité de la sociologie ? Quel est son sens épistémologique dans la littérature scientifique ? Quel est son raisonnement existentiel dans la construction du savoir ? La sociologie pourrait-elle être traitée méthodologiquement parlant au même titre que les autres disciplines des sciences naturelles ou particulières ? Si oui, pourrait-elle expliquer les lois des phénomènes sociaux à partir des observations hypothético-déductives sur la nature de la réalité sociale ? Dans cette thèse, nous tenterons de répondre à ces questions en nous appuyant sur des concepts élaborés par les sociologues classiques et contemporains.
82

La nation chez Alexis de Tocqueville: à la recherche d'un libéralisme d'esprit au XIXè siècle

Camus, Anaïs 20 February 2013 (has links)
Le but de cette recherche doctorale est de mettre au jour une conception spécifique du libéralisme au XIXè siècle qui rendait possible la cohabitation des exigences libérales de respect de l’individu et de ses droits ainsi que des exigences nationales de vie en communauté et d’identité. Partant du principe que de nombreux auteurs ne considéraient pas que le concept de nationalité entrait en contradiction avec les valeurs libérales à cette époque, nous estimons qu’Alexis de Tocqueville, ainsi que John Stuart Mill, proposent la forme la plus cohérente et aboutie de réflexion en la matière, et ce à travers un libéralisme dit « d’esprit » que nous extrairons de leur pensée commune. En effet, alors qu’ils cherchent à contrecarrer les effets néfastes du matérialisme qui aurait comme principale conséquence d’abaisser l’âme des individus et de les priver de liberté, ils mettent au point une approche qui empêche la matérialisation ou la cristallisation complète des références proposées comme point de repère aux citoyens. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
83

Genèse et crise de la sociologie : étude sur l’épistémologie de Raymond Boudon

Mohamed, Ali January 2011 (has links)
La sociologie a proposé une multitude d’explications sur divers phénomènes sociaux. Cependant, plusieurs sociologues, dont Boudon se sont surtout intéressés à l’aspect scientifique de la sociologie. Les questions les plus souvent posées lorsqu’on entreprend de telles études se penchent essentiellement sur le caractère scientifique de la discipline sociologique. Quels sont les critères de scientificité de la sociologie ? Quel est son sens épistémologique dans la littérature scientifique ? Quel est son raisonnement existentiel dans la construction du savoir ? La sociologie pourrait-elle être traitée méthodologiquement parlant au même titre que les autres disciplines des sciences naturelles ou particulières ? Si oui, pourrait-elle expliquer les lois des phénomènes sociaux à partir des observations hypothético-déductives sur la nature de la réalité sociale ? Dans cette thèse, nous tenterons de répondre à ces questions en nous appuyant sur des concepts élaborés par les sociologues classiques et contemporains.
84

Teorie veřejného mínění devatenáctého století ve světle současnosti / 19th-Century Theory of Public Opinion in the Light of Present

Šimečková, Michaela January 2013 (has links)
This diploma thesis is thematically oriented towards early theories of public opinion of the late 19th century. Concretely, it deals with the theories of Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill and James Bryce. The thesis presents an analysis, interpretation and a comparison of these three thinkers and concentrates on the following topics: the definition of the term "public opinion"; the formation of public opinion; the influence individuals, groups and society as a whole have on public opinion; and the role the media play in public opinion. Further, it shows how these authors' thoughts are continued in selected 20th century theories of public opinion, namely in Walter Lippmann's concept of public opinion, the Two-step flow model developed by Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld, Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's Spiral of Silence, Irving Crespi's theory of the Public Opinion Process and Giovanni Sartori's "cascade model" of public opinion. Key words: public opinion, media, Two-step flow model, Spiral of Silence, Public Opinion Process, cascade model of public opinion, Alexis de Tocqeuville, John Stuart Mill, James Bryce, W. Lippmann, E. Katz, P. Lazarsfeld, E. Noelle-Neumann, I. Crespi, G. Sartori
85

Uma compreensão a partir de referente norte-americano do "Programa de Instrução Pública" de Aureliano Candido Tavares Bastos (1861-1873)

Souza, Josefa Eliana 06 October 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EHPS - Josefa Eliana Souza.pdf: 549498 bytes, checksum: 4943669ec240cca8aad854584b915d09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study is to understand the way Tavares Bastos dealt with Brazilian public education in the 60 s and in the beginning of the 70 s, in the XIX century, as for what he named the Brazilian public education program . It also tried to answer the following question: if and how did the author try to incorporate North-American models into the program of public education in Brazil? In order to perform such task, pamphlets the author/politician published between the years of 1861 and 1873 were examined. The analysis of such work allows identifying elements tha t are part of the program of public education aimed at by Tavares Bastos, and it emphasis that elements of the North- American models were used, mainly the one implemented by Horace Mann, and the ones presented by Aléxis Tocqueville, as an appropriate ama lgam to direct the Brazilian people towards the path of progress and civilization. By picking elements that constitute those models, Tavares Bastos built arguments in order to defend the idea of a free and universal school, mandatory education, co-education schools, and a teaching program dedicated mainly to knowledge based on practical principles that would provide the students with a kind of training that would be more adequate to the needs of workers from the fields of industry, commerce, and agriculture of that time. Therefore, the provinces should be equipped with schools whose mission would be preparing students to perform the tasks society demanded and to prepare them for democracy / Neste estudo a finalidade é compreender o modo como Tavares Bastos tratou a instrução pública brasileira, na década de 60 e início de 70 do século XIX, no que denominou de programa de instrução pública brasileira . Buscou-se também responder a seguinte questão: se e de que forma o autor procurou incorporar modelos ou referentes norteamericanos ao programa de instrução pública do Brasil? Na realização dessa tarefa foram examinados os panfletos que o autor/parlamentar publicou entre os anos de 1861 a 1873. A análise dessa produção permite identificar elementos que constituem o programa de instrução pública almejado por Tavares Bastos e afirmar que elementos de modelos norteamericanos foram mobilizados, sobretudo o implementado por Horace Mann e os apresentados por Aléxis Tocqueville, como um amálgama adequado para conduzir o povo brasileiro ao caminho do progresso e da civilização. Ao pinçar elementos que constituem esses modelos, Tavares Bastos produziu os argumentos para defender a escola gratuita e universal, o ensino obrigatório, escola mista, programa de ensino voltado, sobretudo, para o conhecimento baseado em princípios práticos e que possibilitassem ao aluno um tipo de formação mais adequada às necessidades do trabalhador da indústria, do comércio e da agricultura da época. Por isso, as províncias deveriam ser dotadas de escolas, cuja missão deveria ser preparar o aluno para exercer as tarefas que a sociedade exigia e preparar o caminho para a democracia
86

The nature of the marvelous in René Depestre’s Hadriana dans tous mes rêves

Belleroche, Jean Élie, 1968- 26 July 2011 (has links)
My goal is to study the nature of the Marvelous in René Depestre's Hadriana dans tous mes rêves. I want to demonstrate that René Depestre, in his novel, combines a number of surrealist or neo-surrealist premises that have influenced him as a Haitian writer. This goes beyond differences that can be discerned between the "Surrealist marvelous" endorsed by André Breton and the surrealists, and Alejo Capentier's "marvelous real"later proposed by Jacques Stephen Alexis as "marvelous realism" Depestre adapts Haitian natives' perceptions deep-rooted in their historical and social, cultural and religious past and ever-existing political and economical struggle. Taking into account both the surrealist perspective and the Haitian context, I shall address the complexity of the concept of the Marvelous and discuss Depestre's use of "zombification"as a form of metamorphosis, which preserves the mystical nature of Vodou as a religion that syncretizes the Roman Catholic ritual of exorcism of the Christian West and the animist and magical practices inherited from Africa. Scholars have explored the Marvelous and marvelous realism in Depestre's works as a whole, but not in Hadriana dans tous mes rêves specifically. The exclusive nature of this study will show that Depestre draws from Haiti's complex cultural ethos as well as from surrealism'es key principles, to create a hybrid Marvelous typical of Haiti and Depestre'es aesthetic as a writer. / text
87

Η σκηνική προσέγγιση και η κριτική πρόσληψη των παραστάσεων του Αριστοφάνη στο Εθνικό Θέατρο, μέσα από το παράδειγμα των Νεφελών: 1951 Σκηνοθεσία: Σ. Καραντινός, 1970 Α. Σολομός, 1984 Κ. Μπάκας, 1994 Κ. Δαμάτης, 2001 Γ. Ιορδανίδης

Κεχαγιάς, Άγγελος 30 May 2012 (has links)
Η παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπεί στη διερεύνηση της σκηνικής προσέγγισης της αριστοφανικής κωμωδίας στο Εθνικό Θέατρο, καθώς επίσης και της κριτικής της πρόσληψής, μέσα από το παράδειγμα των Νεφελών. Η σκηνοθεσία των Νεφελών σε κλειστό χώρο το 1951 από τον Σωκράτη Καραντινό, σηματοδότησε την έναρξη των παραστάσεων της αττικής κωμωδίας στο Εθνικό Θέατρο της Ελλάδας. Ο Καραντινός, ο οποίος βασίσθηκε σε ιστορικές και αρχαιολογικές πηγές, προσπάθησε να εφαρμόσει τον αρχαίο τρόπο σκηνικής παρουσίασης. Ωστόσο από τις αρχαιοπρεπείς Νεφέλες του, έλειπε τελείως το κωμικό και το διονυσιακό στοιχείο του αριστοφανικού πνεύματος. Παρά τις αντικρουόμενες κριτικές η παράσταση του Καραντινού έθεσε τις βάσεις για έναν σοβαρό προβληματισμό πάνω στη σκηνική παρουσίαση της αττικής κωμωδίας στο Εθνικό Θέατρο. Ο Αλέξης Σολομός (1970) προσπάθησε να «ζωντανέψει» τον Αριστοφάνη εφαρμόζοντας τις αρχές που διατύπωσε στην πραγματεία του: «Ο ζωντανός Αριστοφάνης». Σύμφωνα με τον Σολομό η αρχαία κωμωδία έχει συγγένειες με σύγχρονες μορφές κωμωδίας, όπως είναι τα διάφορα νούμερα της επιθεώρησης, του τσίρκου, του μιούζικ χολ. Υιοθετώντας αυτές τις σκηνικές φόρμες κατάφερε να κάνει τον Αριστοφάνη προσιτό στο ευρύ κοινό, ιδιαίτερα στο φεστιβάλ της Επιδαύρου και των Αθηνών. O Κώστας Μπάκας με την έλευσή του στο Εθνικό Θέατρο, κόμισε εκεί την αριστοφανική σκηνική προσέγγιση του δασκάλου του Κάρολου Κουν, ο οποίος κινήθηκε στο πλαίσιο της «ελληνικότητας» και του «ελληνικού λαϊκού εξπρεσιονισμού». Τόσο ο Κοραής Δαμάτης, (1994) όσο και ο Γιάννης Ιορδανίδης (2001), παρόλο που χρησιμοποίησαν στοιχεία από τις δύο ερμηνευτικές σχολές (ηθοποιούς που εκπαιδεύτηκαν στο Θέατρο Τέχνης, τη θεαματικότητα του Σολομού με τους πολυπληθείς χορούς, τους αναγνωρισμένους συνθέτες και τους δημοφιλείς ηθοποιούς) προσπάθησαν να διαφοροποιηθούν από αυτές, χρησιμοποιώντας κάποια νεωτερικά στοιχεία που αφορούσαν κυρίως στη μουσική, τα σκηνικά, τα κοστούμια και τη μουσική. Πρέπει να σημειωθεί ότι ο Ιορδανίδης στις Νεφέλες του, εφάρμοσε την πρακτική της «νεοελληνικής αναλογίας», την αντικατάσταση δηλαδή των αγνώστων προσώπων, πραγμάτων, γεγονότων κλπ. της αριστοφανικής κωμωδίας, από ανάλογα γνωστά της σύγχρονης νεοελληνικής ζωής, ιστορίας, τέχνης, παράδοσης κλπ. / This study aims to explore the staging approach to Aristophanic comedy at the National Theatre, as well as its critical reception, through the example of The Clouds. The 1951 indoor direction of The Clouds by Sokrates Karantinos marked the outset of the performances of Attic comedy at the Greek National Theater. Karantinos, based on historical and archaeological sources, tried to apply the ancient way of staging. However, his archaic Clouds lacked completely the comic and the Dionysiac element of the Aristophanic spirit. Despite its controversial reviews, Karantinos’ performance laid the foundation for a serious questioning over the staging of Attic comedy at the National Theater. Alexis Solomos (1970) tried to “revive” Aristophanes applying the principles he put forward in his treatise: “The living Aristophanes.” According to Solomos the ancient comedy has affinities with modern forms of comedy such as the various numbers of the revue, the circus and the music hall. Adopting these stage forms he managed to make Aristophanes accessible to the general public, especially at the Epidaurus and Athens Festivals. Kostas Bakas with his advent at The National Theater in 1984, he brought there the Aristophanic stage approach of his teacher Karolos Koun, who moved into the frame of “Hellenism” and “Greek Folk Expressionism.” Both, Korais Damates (1994) and Yannis Iordanides (2001) although they used some elements of the two interpretative schools of Attic comedy (actors trained at the Art Theatre, the pageantry of Solomos with the numerous choruses, acknowledged composers and popular protagonists ) they tried to differentiate from them, using various innovative elements concerning mainly the sets, the costumes and the music. It should be noted that Iordanides in his Clouds applied the practice of the “Modern Greek analogy” which is the replacing of the unknown persons, things, facts etc. of the ancient comedy by analogous known ones from the Modern Greek life, history, art, tradition etc.
88

Rum, Rome, and Rebellion: The Reform of Reform in the Political Fiction of the Gilded Age

Fernandez, Matthew Joseph January 2022 (has links)
"Rum, Rome, and Rebellion: The Reform of Reform in the Political Fiction of the Gilded Age" examines a collection of American political novelists who were active during the mid- to late-nineteenth century. These writers were not only active in politics, they also used their experience in politics to compose realist fiction that typically contained a great deal of humor and satire. Despite their different backgrounds, each of these writers challenged the literary and political conventions of Romanticism, championing ironic detachment and cosmopolitanism. Although fiction about quotidian political life rarely achieves canonical status, such literature has always enjoyed a large readership, both in the nineteenth-century and in our own time. This dissertation attempts to untangle why we find (or don’t find) literature about quotidian political life entertaining and/or instructive, while also providing insight into this transitional period in American history. Each chapter concentrates on the fifty-year period between 1848 and 1898 from a different location, forming what are essentially four cross-sectional samples. This serves two interconnected purposes. One, it reorients the periodization of American literature and history away from 1865 by highlighting cultural continuities between the periods before and after the Civil War And two, it serves to highlight the integration of American literature, culture, and politics, with the broader, nineteenth-century Atlantic world, where the year 1865 carries less cultural significance. The first chapter begins in the nation's capital and examines the anti-populist liberalism of Henry Adams and John Hay. From Washington, we move north to New England where we encounter Henry James’s Bostonians. With the exception of Lionel Trilling, few major critics have championed James’s "middle period," which provides quasi-ethnographic sketches of political movements on both sides of the Atlantic. I reveal James’s long-standing fascination and engagement with the political analyses of Alexis de Tocqueville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and his friend, Henry Adams. I show how the novel anticipates George Santayana’s notion of "the genteel tradition" which dominated northern American culture during this period. After examining two canonical figures, I turn my attention in a more southerly direction, to two lesser known authors. The first is Maria Ruiz de Burton, a Mexican writer from the Southwestern Borderlands who immigrated to the U.S. after the Mexican-American War. Ruiz de Burton has primarily been read as a proto-Chicana/o author, but I view her as a cosmopolitan whose observations about American culture and politics resemble those of James and Santayana. My last chapter is set in Louisiana, where we encounter and recover an eccentric, Spanish-Creole politician and author named Charles Gayarré and his 1856 novel The School for Politics, a satire of local machine politics. Largely forgotten today, Gayarré was connected to intellectual circles in both Europe and Latin America, and was acquainted with American writers like Herman Melville and Henry Adams. I relate The School for Politics with his later political novels in which anti-imperialism and a pluralistic plea for the tolerance of ethnic minorities also implicitly serve as an apology for racial segregation in the Jim Crow South.
89

LIVING DISABILITY: WAYS FORWARD FROM DECONTEXTUAL MODELS OF DISABILITY

Kavanagh, Chandra January 2020 (has links)
Living Disability: Ways Forward from Decontextual Models of Disability consists of six articles that provide both theoretical and pragmatic commentaries on decontextual approaches to vulnerability and disability. In What Contemporary Models of Disability Miss: The Case for a Phenomenological Hermeneutic Analysis I argue many commonly accepted models for understanding disability use a vertical method in which disability is defined as a category into which people are slotted based on whether or not they fit its definitional criteria. This method inevitably homogenizes the experiences of disabled people. A hermeneutic investigation of commonly accepted models for understanding disability will provide an epistemological tool to critique and to augment contemporary models of disability. In A Phenomenological Hermeneutic Resolution to the Principlist- Narrative Bioethics Debate Narrative, I note narrative approaches to bioethics and principlist approaches to bioethics have often been presented in fundamental opposition to each other. I argue that a phenomenological hermeneutic approach to the debate finds a compromise between both positions that maintains what is valuable in each of them. Justifying an Adequate Response to the Vulnerable Other examines the possibility of endorsing the position that I, as a moral agent, ought to do my best to respond adequately to the other’s vulnerability. I contend that, insofar as I value my personal identity, it is consistent to work toward responding adequately to the vulnerability of the other both ontologically and ethically. Who Can Make a Yes?: Disability, Gender, Sexual Consent and ‘Yes Means Yes’ examines the ‘yes means yes’ model of sexual consent, and the political and ethical commitments that underpin this model, noting three fundamental Ph.D. Thesis – C. Kavanagh; McMaster University - Philosophy v disadvantages. This position unfairly polices the sexual expression of participants, particularly vulnerable participants such as disabled people, it demands an unreasonably high standard for defining sexual interaction as consensual, and allows perpetrators of sexual violence to define consent. In Craving Sameness, Accepting Difference: The Possibility of Solidarity and Social Justice I note realist accounts typically define solidarity on the basis of a static feature of human nature. We stand in solidarity with some other person, or group of people, because we share important features in common. In opposition to such realist accounts, Richard Rorty defines solidarity as a practical tool, within which there is always an ‘us’, with whom we stand in solidarity, and a ‘them’, with whom we are contrasted. I argue that by understanding Rorty’s pragmatic solidarity in terms of the relational view of solidarity offered by Alexis Shotwell, it is possible to conceptualise solidarity in a manner that allows for extending the boundaries of the community with whom we stand in solidarity. In Translating Non-Human Actors I examine Bruno Latour’s position that nonhuman things can be made to leave interpretable statements, and have a place in democracy. With the right types of mediators, the scientist can translate for non-humans, and those voices will allow for nonhuman political representation. I wish to suggest that, like scientists, people with disabilities are particularly capable of building networks that facilitate translation between humans and non-humans. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Living Disability: Ways Forward from Decontextual Models of Disability consists of six separate articles that provide both theoretical and pragmatic commentaries on decontextual approaches to vulnerability and disability. The first three articles examine contemporary approaches to understanding vulnerability and disability, and explore what a contextual theoretical approach, one that puts the experiences of people with disabilities at the centre, might look like. The second three articles provide a bioethical examination of practical ethical questions associated with the treatment of people with disabilities when it comes to social and political positions on disability and sexuality, solidarity with people with disabilities, and the relationship between people with disabilities and objects.
90

A Hypnotic Digital Artefact

Cederlund, Micaela January 2023 (has links)
This essay investigates what may constitute a hypnotic digital artefact from a design standpoint. This essay is meant to help designers who want to create hypnotic digital artefacts in the shape of a game, or researchers who wants to further this field. With a case study analysing the game Cultist Simulator, this essay observes applications from this essay’s frameworks: NLP, Procedural Rhetorics, Flow, Trance, and Ericksonian Hypnosis. The case study serves to demonstrate how a larger scale reflection of intrinsic cross over points between hypnosis and the video game medium may take place within state-of-the-art discourse. This essay fulfils its design-aid purpose by charting factors that can be put in place to facilitate a trance and a hypnosis in a game, in a design table summarising design methods discussed. The means that may put a player’s mind in abeyance are posited here regarding how this may influence the game experience, including induction techniques, where suggestions are provided in how these might translate to a game format. Through its frameworks and case study, hypnotic content generation is put in focus, where this essay finds that games utilising metaphors and depicting inner spaces carry significance in this pursuit. It also finds that mirroring communication of the unconscious, such as adhering to rules of a dream state, and acknowledging the unconscious’ uses and capacities, has potential in this pursuit. Importantly, the essay includes a discussion on Cultist Simulator’s decadent aesthetics and its role in leading a player towards an alternate state of consciousness.

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