The acceptance of blood contacting implants creating favorable conditions in vivo is decisively determined by their interaction with proteins that mediate inter cellular interactions with synthetic substrates. Adsorbed proteins can activate blood cascade systems like coagulation and complement that may result in serious blood clots, and/or immunological reactions. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), heparin, and phosphoryl choline (PC) functional poly (methacrylates) are previously used polymers with known non-adhesive properties in blood contacting events. This thesis contributes to this extensive research by introducing a novel type of biomaterial that equips biodegradable polymers with biomimetic functionalities. The phospholipid mimetic material is synthesized by combining biodegradable polymers with various functional polar end-groups consisting of zwitterionic phosphoryl choline (PC), anionic succinates, and cationic quaternary ammonium. The polymer backbone provides mechanical stability and biodegradability whilst the various head groups provide a variety of functions. The careful evaluation of the synthesis has allowed reaction conditions to be optimized leading to complete conversion at each step and subsequently high yields. Initially, poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) was used since it provided a suitable synthetic starting point. However, the synthesis has also included poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) to provide a material that allows spontaneous surface enrichment of the polar PC group. This was achieved with an added hydrophilic environment. Through the synthesis of multi PC functional PTMC, additional bulk organisation by the formation of zwitterionomers (PC ionomer) was achieved. Low modulus elasticity and water uptake were some of the properties of the formed material. As a result it was shown that the PC ionomer could be used for protein/drug loading and subsequent release. Furthermore, the material possessed non-adhesive properties in different biological environments. Importantly, the result suggests that a versatile synthetic platform has been established that may provide a smorgasbord of different functional polymers, or combinations of such. This is indeed important since it was shown that the polymer in many ways dictates how the material may take advantage of an added functionality. Such materials should be interesting for a variety of biomedical applications including the production of soft hemocompatible tissue.

In this study, dendronization and grafting via controlled polymerization techniques, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP), have been explored. Modification of surfaces and cellulose using these techniques, which enable grafting of well-defined polymer architectures, has been investigated. The interest in using cellulose stems from its renewability, biocompatibility, high molecular weight, and versatile functionalization possibilities. Dendronization was performed using disulfide-cored didendrons of 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) on gold surfaces, for the formation of self-assembled monolayers. It was found that the height of the monolayer increased with increasing dendron generation and that the end-group functionality controlled the wettability of the modified surface. Superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces could be obtained when a ‘graft-on-graft’ architecture was obtained using ATRP from filter paper after subsequent post-functionalized using a perfluorinated compound. The low wettability could be explained by a combination of a high surface roughness and the chemical composition. Biobased dendronized polymers were synthesized through the ‘attach to’ route employing dendronization of soluble cellulose, in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The dendronized polymers were studied as nanosized objects using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and it was found that the dendron end-group functionality had a large effect on the molecular conformation on surfaces of spun cast molecules. ATRP of vinyl monomers was conducted from an initiator-functionalized HPC and an initiator-functionalized first generation dendron, which was attached to HPC. The produced comb polymers showed high molecular weight and their sizes could be estimated via AFM of spun cast molecules on mica and from dynamic light scattering in solution, to around 100-200 nm. The comb polymers formed isoporous membranes, exhibiting pores of a few micrometers, when drop cast from a volatile solvent in a humid environment. HPC was also used to initiate ROP of ε-caprolactone, which was chain extended using ATRP to achieve amphiphilic comb block copolymers. These polymers could be suspended in water, cross-linked and were able to solubilize a hydrophobic compound. / QC 20100826

Biomedicine has recently exploited many nanotechnology platforms for the detection and treatment of disease as well as for the fundamental study of cellular biology. A prime example of these successes is the implementation of semiconductor quantum dots in a wide range of biological and medical applications, from in vitro biosensing to in vivo cancer imaging. Quantum dots are nearly spherical nanocrystals composed of semiconductor materials that can emit fluorescent light with high intensity and a strong resistance to degradation. The aim of this thesis is to understand the fundamental physics of colloidal quantum dots, to engineer their optical and structural properties for applications in biology and medicine, and to examine the interaction of these particles with biomolecules and living cells. Toward these goals, new synthetic strategies for colloidal nanocrystals have been developed, implementing a cation exchange method for independent tuning of size and fluorescence, and a bandgap engineering technique that utilizes mechanical strain imposed by coherent shell growth. In addition, stable nanocrystals have been prepared with ultrathin coatings (< 2 nm), 'amphibious' solubility, and broadly tunable bioaffinity, induced by self-assembly with polyhistidine-sequences on recombinant proteins. Finally, colloidal quantum dots have been studied in biological fluids and living cells in order to elucidate their interactions with biological systems. It was found that these interactions are strongly dependent on the size of the nanocrystal, and cytotoxic effects of these particles are largely independent of their composition of heavy metal atoms, demonstrating that the rule book for toxicology must be rewritten for nanomaterials.

Η παρούσα διατριβή αφορά την ανάπτυξη μαθηματικών μοντέλων και την εκτέλεση υπολογιστικών προσομοιώσεων Monte Carlo για την περιγραφή και μελέτη της θερμοδυναμικής συμπεριφοράς συστημάτων αποτελούμενων από πρότυπα σωματίδια πυρήνα–κελύφους σε επιφάνειες. Δύο κατηγορίες συστημάτων εξετάστηκαν, αμφίφιλων σωματιδίων μορφής ημιδίσκου καθώς και μορφής δίσκου με δύο διακριτές υποπεριοχές κελύφους. Ένα εύρος μοριακών δομών όπως μικύλια συμπολυμερών, σφαιρικά δενδριμερή, μεταλλικά ή κεραμικά νανοσωματίδια συνδεμένα με εύκαμπτες αλυσίδες μορίων, εμφανίζουν αρχιτεκτονική η οποία περιγράφεται από το προτεινόμενο μοριακό μοντέλο. Η κατάσταση πυκνής κατάληψης κάθε συστήματος ταυτίζεται ουσιαστικά με την υπερμοριακή αυτο-συναρμολόγηση δομών καθορισμένων μοτίβων σε υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις, συμπεριλαμβανομένων και επιφανειών με ανοιχτούς πόρους. Με την αυτο-οργάνωση και αυτο-συναρμολόγηση σαν από τις πιο αντιπροσωπευτικές των 'από κάτω προς τα πάνω' τεχνικών παρασκευής λειτουργικών νανοδομών και διατάξεων σήμερα, η μελέτη μας διαπραγματεύεται ταυτόχρονα ένα αυστηρά καθορισμένο πρόβλημα από φυσική άποψη αλλά και ένα ιδιαίτερο θέμα σύγχρονου τεχνολογικού ενδιαφέροντος. Η διατριβή χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος θα εισάγουμε το γενικότερο πλαίσιο κάτω από το οποίο θα γίνει η μελέτη των φυσικών συστημάτων σωματιδίων πυρήνα - κελύφους. Θα αναφερθούμε τόσο σε θεωρητικά θέμα όσο και τεχνολογικά. Στο δεύτερο, θα παρουσιαστούν και θα συζητηθούν εκτενώς τα αποτελέσματα προσομοιώσεων δισδιάστατων συστημάτων σωματιδίων πυρήνα-κελύφους. / In this thesis mathematical models are developed and Monte Carlo computer simulations are performed in order to describe and study the thermodynamic behavior of systems comprised of core – shell particles on surfaces. Two types of systems were studied, built on amphiphilic particles of either half-disc shape or disc shape with two distinct coronal regions. A range of molecular structures such as copolymer micelles, globular dendrimers, tethered metal and clay nanoparticles, bare an architecture well fitted to the proposed molecular model. The close packed structure of every system coincides with the supramolecular self-assembly at high concentrations of structures with well defined patterns, including surfaces with open pores. Given the fact that self-assembly and self-organization are among the most representative of the 'bottom-up' techniques for the fabrication of functional nanostructures and devices, our study deals with a strictly defined physical problem as well as with an issue of distinct technological interest. The thesis is made up of two parts. In the first part, we will introduce the general framework under which we will later investigate the physical systems of core-shell particles. Both theoretical and practical aspects will be mentioned. In the second part, the results of simulations of two dimensional systems of core-shell particles will be presented and discussed in detail.

Les polymères amphiphiles sont largement utilisés pour les applications biomédicales et pharmaceutiques. Afin d’améliorer les chances de biocompatibilité des nouveaux polymères que nous voulons développer, nous avons utilisé des composés naturels, les acides biliaires, comme produits de départ dans la synthèse de ces polymères. De nouveaux polymères anioniques amphiphiles dérivés de l’acide cholique ont été préparés par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d’atomes. Par un contrôle rigoureux des conditions de polymérisation, des bras de poly(acide acrylique) de différentes longueurs ont été greffés sur le squelette de l’acide cholique. L’architecture moléculaire des polymères a été étudiée par spectroscopie 1H RMN et par spectrométrie de masse. Ces polymères en étoile formés par l’acide biliaire modifié sont capables de s’agréger dans l’eau même si les groupements hydroxyles ont été remplacés par des segments plus volumineux. Il a été observé que les liaisons ester entre le polymère et le cœur d’acide cholique sont sensibles à l’hydrolyse en solution aqueuse. Pour remédier au problème de stabilité en solution aqueuse et pour avoir, en même temps, des bras hydrophiles non ioniques et biocompatibles, de l’oxyde d’éthylène a été polymérisé sur l’acide cholique par polymérisation anionique. Les liaisons éther formées entre le polymère et les groupements hydroxyles de l’acide biliaire sont plus stables que les liaisons ester sur le polymère de poly(acide acrylique). Les conditions de réaction de la polymérisation anionique ont été optimisées et ont donné des polymères aux architectures et aux masses molaires contrôlées. Les nouveaux polymères forment des agrégats sphériques tel qu’observé par microscopie électronique à transmission avec des échantillons préparés par la méthode de fracture à froid. Leur morphologie est différente de celle des agrégats cylindriques formés par les acides biliaires. Avec la méthode optimisée pour la polymérisation anionique, l’éther d’allyle et glycidyle a été polymérisé sur un dérivé d’acide cholique, suivi par une thiolation des liaisons doubles pour introduire l’amine ou l’acide sur la chaîne polymère. Cette addition radicalaire est efficace à plus de 90%. Les polymères qui en résultent sont solubles dans l’eau et s’agrègent à une certaine concentration critique. Il est particulièrement intéressant d’observer la thermosensibilité des polymères ayant des groupements amine, laquelle peut être modulée en acétylant partiellement les amines, donnant des points nuages entre 15 et 48°C. / Amphiphilic polymers are very useful in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. To improve the biocompatibility of such polymers, we chose to use natural compounds such as bile acids as the starting material in the synthesis of the polymers. New anionic polymers have been prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Poly(acrylic acid) arms of various lengths have been grafted onto a bile acid core. The molecular architecture has been confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The star polymers obtained from modified bile acid can aggregate in water, even though the hydroxyl groups were replaced by bulkier chains. The ester linkages between the polymers and the bile acid core are prone to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. In order to improve the stability of the polymers in aqueous solutions and to introduce neutral and biocompatible hydrophilic arms, ethylene oxide has been polymerized onto a cholic acid core by anionic polymerization. The ether linkages formed between the hydroxyl groups of the bile acid and the poly(ethylene glycol) are more stable than the ester linkages formed with the poly(acrylic acid) polymers. The reaction conditions for the anionic polymerization have been optimized and provided well-defined polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. The new polymers formed spherical aggregates as shown by transmission electron microscopy with samples prepared by the freeze-fracture technique. Their morphology is different from those of the cylindrical aggregates formed by bile salts. With the optimized method for anionic polymerization, allyl glycidyl ether was grafted onto a derivative of cholic acid, followed by thiolation, a radical addition, of the allyl groups to introduce amine or carboxylic acid groups to the polymer chains. This radical addition had an efficiency of more than 90%. The resulting polymers were water-soluble and were found to aggregate above a certain critical concentration. It is particularly interesting to observe thermosensitivity of the star polymers bearing amine groups. The thermosensitivity of such polymers can be further tuned by partial acetylation of the amine groups, yielding polymers with cloud points in the temperature range from 15 to 48°C.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

There is a demand for new straightforward approaches for stabilization and solubilization of various nanoparticulate materials in their colloidal form, that pave way for fabrication of materials possessing compatibility with wide range of dispersing media. Therefore in this thesis a new general method to form stable nanocrystals in water and organics using amphiphilic polymers generated through simple and low cost techniques is presented and discussed. Amphiphilic coating agents are formed using thiolated or carboxylated polyethylene glycol methyl ether (mPEG-SH) as a starting material. These materials are available with a wide variety of chain lengths. The method of obtaining of amphiphilic NPs is quite general and applicable for semiconductor CdTe nanocrystals as well as nanoscale noble metal (Au) and magnetic (Fe3O4) particles. This approach is based on anchoring PEG segment to the surface of a nanoparticle to form an amphiphilic palisade. Anchoring is realized via interaction of –SH (for CdTe and Au) or –COOH (in the case of magnetite) functional groups with particle’s surface. The resulting amphiphilicity of the nanocrystals is an inherent property of their surface and it is preserved also after careful washing out of solution of any excess of the ligand. The nanocrystals reversibly transfer between different phases spontaneously, i.e. without any adjustment of ionic strength, pH or composition of the phases. Such reversible and spontaneous phase transfer of nanocrystals between solvents of different chemical nature has a great potential for many applications as it constitutes a large degree of control of nanocrystals compatibility with technological processes or with bio-environments such as water, various buffers and cell media as well as their assembly and self-assembly capabilities.

This dissertation presents a new class of cancer diagnostic agents composed of quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and amphiphilic polymers. The central hypothesis is that biocompatible, amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to create multinanoparticle micellar probes with imaging capabilities and surface properties optimized for applications in cancer diagnostics. To test this hypothesis, we investigated a number of different block copolymer structures and synthetic procedures. We found that use of a poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(ethylene oxide) polymer in conjunction with a dialysis-based procedure produced uniform probes with excellent imaging properties. We also found that the probes formed using these materials and methods were surprisingly stable, even after incubation in whole human blood for 24 hrs at 37oC. As a corollary, we hypothesized that modified polymer structures could be used to introduce functional groups for use in linking the micellar probes to biological molecules. To test this hypothesis, we used a modified version of our synthetic procedure and utilized a novel method for studying nanoparticle binding to biological molecules in real time. We found that active amine groups could be added to the polymer shell using these methods, and that surface plasmon resonance could be used for studying nanoparticle binding. In sum, this dissertation makes several contributions to the field of cancer nanotechnology. First, we provide a new encapsulation procedure and nanostructure that has promising physical and biological properties. Secondly, we provide general strategies that can be used for future nanoprobe development. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of a new method for quantitative study of probe binding characteristics. Together, these contributions drive the field of cancer nanotechnology forward by providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between surface design and behavior in biological systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:37:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4850.pdf: 16404751 bytes, checksum: 39c816d8c598ae34b1bd0948e9c77c6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-11 / The solution behavior and self-assembly structural phenomena of two industrial amphiphilic polyether glycol block copolymers with different chemical structures and similar cloud points were studied. The raw industrial diol copolymer was subjected to fractionation by preparative liquid chromatography with a size exclusion column (prep-LC-SEC). Prep-LC-SEC did not achieve a molecular mass separation; nonetheless it generated a separation of fractions by means of polarity. Significant heterogeneity of chain polarity of the fractions was demonstrated by CO2 supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The temperature and concentration effects of the polymers in polar 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol and water (25DB) solution were investigated by means of a combination of ATR-FTIR and SAXS techniques. In ATRFTIR analysis, a hypsochromic shift was shown for the O-H absorption peak with an increase in copolymer concentration in solution. This shift was consistently observed in high as well as in low temperatures. Narrowing of the C-O peak width with increasing concentration was demonstrated. A slight bathochromic shift of the C-H peaks was observed as a result of increasing polymer concentration. SAXS evaluation of the copolymers was carried out in concentrated systems. Despite the distinct chemical structures, the scattering curves indicate that the micellar aggregation processes and structural forms of both polyether glycols in solution are significantly similar. SAXS profiles in temperatures above and close to the cloud point revealed the absence of a macromolecular organized structure of the copolymer polyethers in 25DB solution. An investigative fit of the SAXS curves with a hard sphere model (HSM K-T) support the similar solution behavior of the two block copolymers evaluated in this study. The similarities of the aggregation and structural assembly of the two industrial triblock polyether glycols in polar solutions were evidenced. The correlations of the intermolecular interactions and the self-assembly morphology of the copolymer polyethers with the microphase separation temperature, i.e. the cloud point, were demonstrated. / O comportamento e os fenômenos da estruturação e organização em solução de dois copolímeros anfifílicos poliéter glicóis industriais, com distintas estruturas químicas e pontos de névoa similares, foram estudados. O poliéter glicol diol bruto produzido em reator de escala industrial foi submetido a um fracionamento por cromatografia líquida preparativa com coluna de exclusão de tamanho (prep-LCSEC). A prep-LC-SEC não apresentou um fracionamento por massas moleculares, mas gerou uma separação de frações por polaridade de cadeias. Comprovou-se, por cromatografia em fluido supercrítico (SFC-CO2) que estas frações apresentaram heterogeneidade significativa quanto à polaridade nas cadeias. A investigação dos efeitos da temperatura e concentração dos polímeros em solução polar 2-(2- butoxietoxi)etanol e água (25DB) foi realizada por combinação das técnicas de ATRFTIR e SAXS. Na análise de ATR-FTIR, foi demonstrado um deslocamento hipsocrômico do pico da ligação O-H com aumento da concentração em solução para os copolímeros. Este efeito foi consistente em temperaturas baixas e altas. Um estreitamento na largura dos picos de absorção da ligação C-O com aumento da concentração foi demonstrado. Um leve efeito batocrômico foi observado nos picos relacionados às ligações C-H em função da concentração. O estudo de SAXS dos copolímeros poliéter glicóis foi realizado em sistemas concentrados. Apesar das distintas estruturas químicas, as curvas de SAXS indicaram que o processo de agregação micelar e as estruturas assumidas por estes polímeros em solução são significativamente similares. Os perfis de SAXS em temperaturas acima e nas proximidades do ponto de névoa revelaram a ausência de uma estrutura macromolecular organizada em solução 25DB. Um ajuste investigativo das curvas de SAXS com um modelo de esferas duras (HSM K-T) reforçou a semelhança do comportamento em solução entre os dois poliéter glicóis avaliados neste estudo. Foi evidenciada a semelhança no processo de agregação e organização estrutural destes copolímeros tribloco em soluções solventes polares. Demonstraram-se as correlações entre a interação intermolecular e a morfologia de auto-organização dos copolímeros anfifílicos poliéter glicóis com a temperatura de separação em microfase, detectada pelo efeito macroscópico de turvação em solução, i.e. o ponto de névoa .

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-18T11:39:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 biancadasilvaferreira.pdf: 17182494 bytes, checksum: 2a72b873dcc19f4763e74800e9393295 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T13:28:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biancadasilvaferreira.pdf: 17182494 bytes, checksum: 2a72b873dcc19f4763e74800e9393295 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biancadasilvaferreira.pdf: 17182494 bytes, checksum: 2a72b873dcc19f4763e74800e9393295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos, nos quais foram discutidas a síntese de caracterização de séries de substâncias anfifílicas obtidas de fontes químicas renováveis (óleos de pequi, buriti e babaçu, ácidos graxos e carboidratos). O primeiro capítulo descreve a síntese e caracterização de etanolamidas graxas obtidas por aminólise de óleos vegetais ou de ésteres metílicos graxos puros com monoetanolamina e dietanolamina. As propriedades biológicas dos óleos, das misturas de amidas e das amidas puras foram comparadas. O óleo de Buriti foi o que apresentou maior atividade antioxidante (7,70 mg/mL) devido a maior concentração de carotenoides (692,98 μg/g). As amidas derivadas do mesmo óleo também apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante do que as demais etanolamidas sintetizadas. A atividade antibacteriana das misturas de amidas e das amidas puras, avaliada frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas não foi significativa. No segundo capítulo é descrita a síntese e caracterização de diaminas N-aciladas lipofílicas e de aldonamidas derivadas da D-glicono-1,5-lactona da D-ribono-1,4- lactona ou do éster galactárico. Para obtenção das aldonamidas as lactonas e o éster galactárico foram tratados com as diaminas N-aciladas, sob refluxo de metanol, em tempos que variaram de 24-48 horas. Os compostos sintetizados foram avaliados frente suas propriedades biológicas in vitro. Foram realizados testes antibacterianos contra bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e bactérias S. aureus meticilino resistentes; e testes antifúngicos frente quatro espécies diferentes de Candida. A atividade antiinflamatória foi estudada através da capacidade dos compostos de inibirem a produção de óxido nítrico por macrófagos ativados; a viabilidade celular foi investigada através do método do MTT. As aldonamidas em geral não apresentaram atividade, entretanto as diaminas Naciladas mostraram atividade acentuada nos testes antibacterianos e antifúngicos. Os resultados foram comparáveis ou até mesmo superiores aos padrões utilizados como controles positivos (cloranfenicol e itraconazol). Para alguns compostos, foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre lipofilicidade e a atividade antifúngica. Entretanto, nos testes de viabilidade celular, esses compostos apresentaram-se tóxicos nas concentrações do CIM. No terceiro capítulo é descrita a síntese e caracterização de N-acilidrazonas derivadas da D--glicono-1,5-lactona, D--ribono-1,4-lactona e éster galactárico. Para obtenção das N-acilidrazonas, as hidrazidas derivadas dos carboidratos foram tratadas com aldeídos comerciais aromáticos e alifáticos, utilizando como solvente o metanol a temperatura ambiente. Os tempos de reação variaram de 24-72 horas. Os compostos foram obtidos na forma de misturas de diastereoisômeros, onde o isômero E foi o majoritário para todos os derivados. Os compostos sintetizados também foram submetidos à avaliação de suas propriedades biológicas in vitro. Foram realizados testes antibacterianos contra bactérias Gram-positivas, Gramnegativas e testes antifúngicos frente quatro espécies diferentes de Candida, entretanto os compostos não se mostraram ativos. A atividade anti-inflamatória, bem como a citotoxicidade desses compostos estão sendo avaliadas no ICB-UFJF. Ainda nesse último capítulo, foi realizada uma tentativa de ciclização das Nacilidrazonas para fornecer os seus respectivo, 1,3,4-oxadiazóis. Entretanto os compostos desejados não puderam ser obtidos pelas metodologias utilizadas. / This work was divided into three chapters, in which was discussed the synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic compounds derived from renewable chemical sources (oil Pequi, Buriti and Babassu oil, fatty acids and carbohydrates). The first section describes the synthesis and characterization of fatty ethanolamides obtained by aminolysis of vegetable oils or pure methylic fatty esters with monoethanolamine and diethanolamine. The biological properties of the oils, mixtures of amides and pure amides were compared . Buriti oil showed the highest antioxidant activity (7.70 mg/mL) due to the higher concentration of carotenoids (692.98 mg/g). Amides derived from the same oil also showed higher antioxidant activity than other synthesized ethanolamides. The antibacterial activity of the mixtures of amides and amides pure evaluated against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria was not significant. The second section describes the synthesis and characterization of lipophilic Nacylated diamines and aldonamides derived from D-glicono-1,5- lactone D-ribono-1,4- lactone or ester galactaric. To obtain the aldonamides, lactones and galactaric ester were treated with N-acylated diamines refluxing methanol in time ranging from 24-48 hours. The synthesized compounds had their in vitro biological properties evaluated. Antibacterial test against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were performed, and also antifungal test against four species of Candida. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by the ability of the compounds to inhibit nitric oxide production by activated macrophages, cell viability was assessed by the MTT method. The aldonamides generally showed no activity, but the N-acylated diamines showed significants activities in antibacterial and antifungal tests. The results were comparable or even superior to those used as positive controls (chloramphenicol and itraconazole). For some compounds, it was possible to establish a correlation between lipophilicity and antifungal activity. However, in the cell viability tests , these compounds proved to be toxic at MIC. The third section describes the synthesis and characterization of N-acylhydrazones derived from D-glicono-1,5-lactone , D-ribono-1,4-lactone and galactaric ester. To obtain the N-acylhydrazones, the hydrazide derivatives of carbohydrates have been treated with aromatic aldehydes, using methanol as solvent at room temperature. The reaction times ranged from 24-72 hours. The compounds were obtained as mixtures of diastereomers, where E was the major isomer for all derivatives. The synthesized compounds were also examined for their in vitro biological properties. Antibacterial test against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram- negative, M. tuberculosis and antifungal test against four species of Candida were made, however the compounds were not active. The anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds are being evaluated in ICB-UFJF. Also in this last chapter, an attempt to cyclization of the N-acylhydrazones was performed to provide their respective, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. However the desired compounds could not be obtained by the methodologies used.