The purpose of the study is to highlight educators' preferences and attitudes towards tablet in preschool by describing the use of this digital tool in the preschool educational activities. The use of tablet in preschool is in the study looked upon as a phenomenon. The description of the phenomenon is built on the analysis and interpretation of educators' statements about it. The research questions focus on the following aspects: educators' attitudes towards the tablet and its use in pre-school educational activities, the tablet's current area of use, the culture surrounding the use of this digital tool and the educators’ statements about advantages and disadvantages of tablet's use in preschool. The survey’s data collection method is qualitative interviews and the analysis is based on the phenomenological approach. The survey results are discussed related to previous research on children's digital skills at an early age as well as recent research on the tablet and its use in pre-school educational activities. In the final description of the phenomenon it is clear that the educators, who participate in this study, have a generally positive attitude towards using the tablet in preschool. However, according to the interviews, the use of this digital tool seems to be both multifaceted and a complex phenomenon.

<p>This analysis is about the fourth basic competence and how you can define it, what it includes and if it is possible to find it in the new curriculum for the Swedish high school; Gymnasiereformen -07. The analysis was focused on the following subjects; Mathematics, Social science and Swedish. The aim with this analysis has been to create a summary in the field of information literacy and to define the fourth basic competence. The analysis were focused on and delimited by the following conceptions; information literacy, digital competence and the information search process. The sources of information has primarily been taken from the field of information literacy and statements from professionals in the fields of information literacy and education. The analysis concludes that you can find the fourth basic competence in the new curriculum for the subjects, Mathematics, Social science and Swedish.</p>

This analysis is about the fourth basic competence and how you can define it, what it includes and if it is possible to find it in the new curriculum for the Swedish high school; Gymnasiereformen -07. The analysis was focused on the following subjects; Mathematics, Social science and Swedish. The aim with this analysis has been to create a summary in the field of information literacy and to define the fourth basic competence. The analysis were focused on and delimited by the following conceptions; information literacy, digital competence and the information search process. The sources of information has primarily been taken from the field of information literacy and statements from professionals in the fields of information literacy and education. The analysis concludes that you can find the fourth basic competence in the new curriculum for the subjects, Mathematics, Social science and Swedish.

The aim of the study is to learn more about the way preschool teachers work with Information and Communication Technology(ICT). More specifically, this study aims to explore how preschool teachers describe their experience of ICT, the conditions and opportunities to work with ICT, and their own knowledge and competence in the use of digital tools with preschool children. The research method consists of interviews with preschool teachers and observations at five municipal preschools in Stockholm as well as an analysis of the relevant passages in the Curriculum for the Preschool and the Curriculum of Stockholm city. This study shows that there seems to be great variation in the amount of ICT tools present in preschools. Preschool teachers expect a lot from ICT, and the improvements that it can make on their work. They express that the preschool has to meet the demands of an ever-developing society with respect to information and technology. They also recognize the importance of letting children use ICT tools, which are already familiar in the home environment. In the preschool, ICT is used as a part of the teacher-led activities and in theme work with the child group. Experience-based activities are also created with ICT tools. The rules and norms regulating ICT at the preschools include how the new devices, especially the tablets, should be used in preschool activities and what the mutual approaches at the preschools should be. These discussions are still active in this study and the preschool teachers seem to be looking for a quick fix, a simple manual that can lead them forward in their work with ICT.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av digitaliseringens betydelse för professionen med möjligheter och utmaningar inom olika verksamhetsområden. Metod: 9 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med arbetsterapeuter och insamlad data analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Digitaliseringens inverkan på arbetsterapeuters dagliga arbete innebär många möjligheter men också utmaningar. Vardagsteknik påverkar och förändrar det administrativa arbetet, mötet med klienterna och det organisatoriska arbetet. En konsekvens är en påverkad arbetsmiljö. Ibland ses också risker med digitaliseringen. Förutsättningarna för att använda sig av vardagsteknik i professionen varierar hos arbetsterapeuterna. Det handlar om tillgång till eller brist på resurser i form av utrustning, tid och kompetens. Oftast finns tillgång till tekniskt stöd men arbetsterapeuterna ser ett behov av kompetensutveckling, också för att kunna vara uppdaterade i klientrelationen.Slutsats: Studien visar arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av digitaliseringens betydelse för professionen med möjligheter och utmaningar inom olika verksamhetsområden. Studien visar att digital kompetens är och kommer att vara en förutsättning för arbetsterapeutens dagliga arbete. Vidare visar studien att en fungerande digitalisering ställer krav på resurser och också ett kritiskt förhållningssätt. Behov finns av ytterligare forskning inom ämnet då det i dagsläget finns få studier som åskådliggör digitaliseringens betydelse för arbetsterapeuter. / Aim: The aim of this study was to describe occupational therapists' experiences of the importance of digitalization for the profession with its opportunities and challenges in different areas of activity. Method: 9 semistructured interviews were conducted with occupational therapists and collected data were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis.Results: The impact of digitalization on occupational therapists’ day-to-day work presents many opportunities but also challenges. Everyday technology influences and changes the administrative work, client meetings and also the organizational work. A consequence is also an affected work environment. Sometimes risks are also seen in relation to digitalization. The conditions for using everyday technology in the profession vary among the occupational therapists. It comes to access to or lack of resources such as equipment, time and skills. There is usually access to technical support but the occupational therapists see an upcoming need for competence development, also in order to be updated along with the client. Conclusion: The study shows occupational therapists' experiences of the importance of digitalization for the profession with its opportunities and challenges in different areas of activity. The study shows that digital competence is and will be a prerequisite for the day-to-day work of the occupational therapist. Furthermore, the study shows that a good working digitalization requires resources and also critical thinking. There is a need for further research in the field as there are currently few studies that illustrate the importance of digitalization for occupational therapists.

This thesis examined how aware upper secondary school students are of how the informationthey share on social media platforms is handled, what concerns are raisedregarding the personal data collected and used by corporations and authorities andhow upper secondary school students view the future education of digital privacy.Questions in the thesis are answered by performing a study using questionnaires asa data collection method. The conclusion is that upper secondary school students inSweden are fairly unaware of how their information is handled in the digital worldand what regulations are in place to protect their data. Some concerns are raisedaround the participants’ lack of knowledge and how their trust in authorities haslowered due to digital surveillance, the lack of mitigating actions against abuse ofsurveillance, and the debate regarding mass surveillance. In the future, the participantswant more education about digital privacy, and they believe it should be partof the curriculum in upper secondary school.

The purpose of this study is to examine how preschool teachers use the tablet as a digital tool for children's language development. Interviews are the method used in the work. Three preschool teachers and a special pedagogue have been interviewed in the study. The result of the study shows that preschool teachers and the special pedagogue, the respondents, have knowledge of the tablet as a digital tool for children's language development. It differs slightly from the respondents. The result also shows that preschool teachers’ definition of digital literacy is about knowledge in the use of digital tools: tablets, computers and projectors, in terms of both software and hardware. Preschool teachers also feel that digital literacy is a tool for teachers and children in learning. The special pedagogue believes that with digital skills, children can use the digital tools. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare använder surfplattan som ett digitalt verktyg för barns språkutveckling. Intervjuer är den metod som använts i arbetet. Tre förskollärare och en specialpedagog har intervjuats i studien. Resultatet av studien visar att förskollärarna och specialpedagogen, respondenterna, har  kunskap om surfplattan som ett digitalt verktyg för barns språkutveckling. Det skiljer sig en aning mellan respondenterna. Resultatet visar också på att förskollärarnas definition av digital kompetens handlar om kunskap i att använda digitala verktyg: surfplattor, datorer och projektorer, både vad gäller mjukvara och hårdvara. Förskollärarna menar också att den digitala kompetensen är ett verktyg för pedagoger och barn i lärandet. Specialpedagogen anser att med digital kompetens menas, att barnen kan använda de digitala verktygen, samt att de vet innebörden av användandet av appar och dess innehåll och inte bara använder sig av dra-och-släppa-strategin[1]. [1] Dra-och-släppa-strategi menas att barnet spelar spelt på surfplattan utan att reflektera över hur appen fungerar, bara för att vinna eller att få så många stjärnor som möjligt (Nilsen, 2014, s. 93-94). Ett exempel på en sådan situationen kan vara att barnen ska lägga alla äpplen i korgen, men barnet börjar med päronen och sedan bananen efter ett får barnet slumpmässigt ner alla äpplena i korgen.

The purpose of this study is to take a closer look into preschool teachers interest of ICT, how often do they use digital tools in their practice and what do they think of implementing ICT into their daily work. I’m also interested to see if a certain culture that either is positive or negative towards the use of ICT develops in preschools. What interest do preschool teachers have for ICT? Do preschool teachers think they have sufficient knowledge about ICT? Is a certain culture created within preschools that either is positive or negative towards the use of ICT? I used a quantitative survey as my method. 64 preschool teachers took part in it, 63 were female and one was male. The age range from 24 to 61 and the average age was 44 years old. The survey contained of 12 questions about their attitude towards the use of ICT in preschools. The data collected from the survey was analyzed and presented as diagrams. Constructivism is my theoretical framework on this study because it’s a good way to analyze the results from the study to see if some preschools have develop a culture that have a certain attitude towards ICT. The results show that majority of preschool teachers have a positive attitude towards the use of ICT but their knowledge about it is quite unimpressive. There is a strong majority that is willing to improve their knowledge. The use of ICT isn’t that widespread and only around 30 % uses ICT at least some time every week. When you look at the results you can see that there is a certain culture that has develop on certain preschools. Mostly the culture has a positive attitude towards ICT but in some cases it’s a negative one and that is problematic.

À medida que os alunos enfrentam rápidas mudanças na Educação a distância (EAD) mediada pelas Tecnologias Digitais (TD) exige-se deles um conjunto de competências cada vez mais amplo e que apoie as necessidades do aprender exclusivamente através dos recursos on-line. Portanto, propõem-se na presente tese a construção e validação de um Modelo de Competências Digitais em Educação a distância (EAD) intitulado MCompDigEAD, com foco no aluno desta modalidade. O objetivo é possibilitar o aprimoramento destas competências e seus elementos constituintes conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA), ajudando-os a avaliar e identificar suas necessidades em meios digitais. Entende-se que o modelo é uma forma de estabelecer uma relação por analogia com a realidade de forma simplificada, sendo um sistema figurativo (Behar et al., 2009). Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa realizada através de duas etapas. Na primeira, o mapeamento e validação de competências digitais a serem integradas ao MCompDigEAD. Este mapeamento foi desenvolvido através de análise e comparação entre competências digitais do referencial teórico e mapeadas por meio de estudos de casos com alunos da EAD Na segunda etapa, foi realizada a construção e validação do MCompDigEAD, mediante os seguintes procedimentos, delineados ao longo desta pesquisa, 1) Concepção; 2) Planificação; 3) Modelagem e 4) Validação. Como resultados, obteve-se um Modelo de Competências Digitais em EAD, composto por três Competências Digitais: Alfabetização Digital, Letramento Digital e Fluência Digital, quatorze competências específicas, detalhadas através dos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA), totalizando 328 elementos. Cada competência específica possui três níveis de proficiência, 1) Inicial, 2) Intermediário e 3) Avançado com exemplo de casos de uso. O MCompDigEAD, é um modelo com a finalidade de orientar e auxiliar os processos de aprendizagem na EAD ao integrar as Tecnologias Digitais em uma perspectiva de competências. Poderá servir de referência e ser adaptado de acordo com o perfil de alunos e instituições, constituindo-se, assim, um instrumento que apoie a identificação de competências digitais em contextos educacionais a distância. / As students face rapid changes in Distance Learning Education (DLE) mediated by Digital Technologies (DT), they are required to have an increasingly broad set of skills that supports the needs of learning exclusively through online resources. Therefore, the present thesis proposes the construction and validation of a Model of Digital Competences in Distance Learning Education entitled MCompDigEAD, with a focus on the student of this modality. The objective is to enable the improvement of these competences and their constituent elements of knowledge, skills and attitudes (CHA), helping them to assess and identify their needs in digital media. It is understood that the model is a form of establishing a relationship by analogy with reality in a simplified form, being a figurative system (Behar et al., 2009). It is an exploratory-descriptive research, with a qualitative approach performed through two stages. In the first, the mapping and validation of digital competences to be integrated into MCompDigEAD. This mapping was developed through analysis and comparison between digital competences of the theoretical reference and mapped through case studies with DLE students In the second stage, the construction and validation of the MCompDigEAD was performed, using the following procedures, outlined throughout this research, 1) Conception; 2) Planning; 3) Modeling and 4) Validation. As results, a Digital Competence Model was obtained in DLE, composed of three Digital Competences: Digital Literacy, Critical Digital Literacy and Digital Fluency, fourteen specific skills, detailed through the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA), totaling 328 elements. Each specific competency has three levels of proficiency, 1) Initial, 2) Intermediate and 3) Advanced with example of use cases. MCompDigEAD is a model to guide and assist learning processes in ODL by integrating Digital Technologies in a competency perspective. It can serve as a reference and be adapted according to the profile of students and institutions, thus constituting an instrument that supports the identification of digital competences in educational contexts at a distance. / A medida que los alumnos enfrentan rápidos cambios en la Educación a Distancia (EAD) mediada por las Tecnologías Digitales (TD) se exige de ellos un conjunto de competencias cada vez más amplio y que apoye las necesidades del aprendizaje exclusivamente a través de los recursos en línea. Por lo tanto, se propone en la presente tesis la construcción y validación de un Modelo de Competencias Digitales en Educación a Distancia (EAD) titulado MCompDigEAD, con foco en el alumno de esta modalidad. El objetivo es posibilitar el perfeccionamiento de estas competencias y sus elementos constituyentes conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes (CHA), ayudándoles a evaluar e identificar sus necesidades en medios digitales. Se entiende que el modelo es una forma de establecer una relación por analogía con la realidad de forma simplificada, siendo un sistema figurativo (Behar et al., 2009). Se trata de una investigación del tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo realizado en dos etapas. En la primera, el mapeo y la validación de las competencias digitales a integrar en el MCompDigEAD. Este mapeo fue desarrollado a través de análisis y comparación entre competencias digitales del referencial teórico y mapeadas por medio de estudios de casos con alumnos de la EAD En la segunda etapa, se realizó la construcción y validación del MCompDigEAD, mediante los siguientes procedimientos, delineados a lo largo de esta investigación, 1) Concepción; 2) Planificación; 3) Modelado y 4) Validación. Como resultado, se obtuvo un Modelo de Competencias Digitales en EAD, compuesto por tres Competencias Digitales: Alfabetización Digital, Letramento Digital y Fluencia Digital, catorce competencias específicas, detalladas a través de los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes (CHA), totalizando 328 elementos. Cada competencia específica tiene tres niveles de competencia, 1) Inicial, 2) Intermedio y 3) Avanzado con ejemplo de casos de uso. El MCompDigEAD, es un modelo con el fin de orientar y auxiliar los procesos de aprendizaje en la EAD al integrar las Tecnologías Digitales en una perspectiva de competencias. Puede servir de referencia y ser adaptado de acuerdo con el perfil de alumnos e instituciones, constituyéndose así un instrumento que apoye la identificación de competencias digitales en contextos educativos a distancia.

À medida que os alunos enfrentam rápidas mudanças na Educação a distância (EAD) mediada pelas Tecnologias Digitais (TD) exige-se deles um conjunto de competências cada vez mais amplo e que apoie as necessidades do aprender exclusivamente através dos recursos on-line. Portanto, propõem-se na presente tese a construção e validação de um Modelo de Competências Digitais em Educação a distância (EAD) intitulado MCompDigEAD, com foco no aluno desta modalidade. O objetivo é possibilitar o aprimoramento destas competências e seus elementos constituintes conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA), ajudando-os a avaliar e identificar suas necessidades em meios digitais. Entende-se que o modelo é uma forma de estabelecer uma relação por analogia com a realidade de forma simplificada, sendo um sistema figurativo (Behar et al., 2009). Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa realizada através de duas etapas. Na primeira, o mapeamento e validação de competências digitais a serem integradas ao MCompDigEAD. Este mapeamento foi desenvolvido através de análise e comparação entre competências digitais do referencial teórico e mapeadas por meio de estudos de casos com alunos da EAD Na segunda etapa, foi realizada a construção e validação do MCompDigEAD, mediante os seguintes procedimentos, delineados ao longo desta pesquisa, 1) Concepção; 2) Planificação; 3) Modelagem e 4) Validação. Como resultados, obteve-se um Modelo de Competências Digitais em EAD, composto por três Competências Digitais: Alfabetização Digital, Letramento Digital e Fluência Digital, quatorze competências específicas, detalhadas através dos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes (CHA), totalizando 328 elementos. Cada competência específica possui três níveis de proficiência, 1) Inicial, 2) Intermediário e 3) Avançado com exemplo de casos de uso. O MCompDigEAD, é um modelo com a finalidade de orientar e auxiliar os processos de aprendizagem na EAD ao integrar as Tecnologias Digitais em uma perspectiva de competências. Poderá servir de referência e ser adaptado de acordo com o perfil de alunos e instituições, constituindo-se, assim, um instrumento que apoie a identificação de competências digitais em contextos educacionais a distância. / As students face rapid changes in Distance Learning Education (DLE) mediated by Digital Technologies (DT), they are required to have an increasingly broad set of skills that supports the needs of learning exclusively through online resources. Therefore, the present thesis proposes the construction and validation of a Model of Digital Competences in Distance Learning Education entitled MCompDigEAD, with a focus on the student of this modality. The objective is to enable the improvement of these competences and their constituent elements of knowledge, skills and attitudes (CHA), helping them to assess and identify their needs in digital media. It is understood that the model is a form of establishing a relationship by analogy with reality in a simplified form, being a figurative system (Behar et al., 2009). It is an exploratory-descriptive research, with a qualitative approach performed through two stages. In the first, the mapping and validation of digital competences to be integrated into MCompDigEAD. This mapping was developed through analysis and comparison between digital competences of the theoretical reference and mapped through case studies with DLE students In the second stage, the construction and validation of the MCompDigEAD was performed, using the following procedures, outlined throughout this research, 1) Conception; 2) Planning; 3) Modeling and 4) Validation. As results, a Digital Competence Model was obtained in DLE, composed of three Digital Competences: Digital Literacy, Critical Digital Literacy and Digital Fluency, fourteen specific skills, detailed through the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA), totaling 328 elements. Each specific competency has three levels of proficiency, 1) Initial, 2) Intermediate and 3) Advanced with example of use cases. MCompDigEAD is a model to guide and assist learning processes in ODL by integrating Digital Technologies in a competency perspective. It can serve as a reference and be adapted according to the profile of students and institutions, thus constituting an instrument that supports the identification of digital competences in educational contexts at a distance. / A medida que los alumnos enfrentan rápidos cambios en la Educación a Distancia (EAD) mediada por las Tecnologías Digitales (TD) se exige de ellos un conjunto de competencias cada vez más amplio y que apoye las necesidades del aprendizaje exclusivamente a través de los recursos en línea. Por lo tanto, se propone en la presente tesis la construcción y validación de un Modelo de Competencias Digitales en Educación a Distancia (EAD) titulado MCompDigEAD, con foco en el alumno de esta modalidad. El objetivo es posibilitar el perfeccionamiento de estas competencias y sus elementos constituyentes conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes (CHA), ayudándoles a evaluar e identificar sus necesidades en medios digitales. Se entiende que el modelo es una forma de establecer una relación por analogía con la realidad de forma simplificada, siendo un sistema figurativo (Behar et al., 2009). Se trata de una investigación del tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo realizado en dos etapas. En la primera, el mapeo y la validación de las competencias digitales a integrar en el MCompDigEAD. Este mapeo fue desarrollado a través de análisis y comparación entre competencias digitales del referencial teórico y mapeadas por medio de estudios de casos con alumnos de la EAD En la segunda etapa, se realizó la construcción y validación del MCompDigEAD, mediante los siguientes procedimientos, delineados a lo largo de esta investigación, 1) Concepción; 2) Planificación; 3) Modelado y 4) Validación. Como resultado, se obtuvo un Modelo de Competencias Digitales en EAD, compuesto por tres Competencias Digitales: Alfabetización Digital, Letramento Digital y Fluencia Digital, catorce competencias específicas, detalladas a través de los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes (CHA), totalizando 328 elementos. Cada competencia específica tiene tres niveles de competencia, 1) Inicial, 2) Intermedio y 3) Avanzado con ejemplo de casos de uso. El MCompDigEAD, es un modelo con el fin de orientar y auxiliar los procesos de aprendizaje en la EAD al integrar las Tecnologías Digitales en una perspectiva de competencias. Puede servir de referencia y ser adaptado de acuerdo con el perfil de alumnos e instituciones, constituyéndose así un instrumento que apoye la identificación de competencias digitales en contextos educativos a distancia.