Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Pereira Saeta.pdf: 9695176 bytes, checksum: db666ee750f8ab4a596b5368c9aa32a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The theme of urban sustainability has been increasingly present in discussions on the development of humanity, given the explosive growth of cities at the beginning of the 21st century. The perception that cities are the biggest challenge for sustainable development in an urban planet is evident. This work seeks to expound on this issue covering initially a general concept of urban sustainability and "sustainable cities", ie some of the cities which have been able to reinvent themselves recently, promoting standards of improvement in various indicators of urban sustainability. Curitiba, Portland, Bogota and Barcelona are analysed in light of sustainability indicators for urban mobility, environmental and governance issues. A great number of indicators which measure and serve as a parameter in the promotion of urban sustainability are primarily of public accountability, being part of public policy and urban management by governments. However, in countries like Brazil, private agents have had, traditionally, an important role in building our cities. It should be emphasised, therefore, the responsibility of private actors of civil construction and real estate development in the promotion, together with the public sector, of a more sustainable urban development. It is necessary to diagnose the current situation of our cities, for the establishment of new parameters and ideas which can contribute to an improved urban quality of life of future generations, meaning a sustainable urban development which incorporates higher standards of environmental quality, economic and social development. The dissertation concludes with an analysis of indicators of urban sustainability which are of primary responsibility of the private sectors - construction and real estate development - which can help promote the integration of sustainability into the process of urban planning in Brazilian cities, through recommendations which aim to promote more sustainable cities. / A temática da sustentabilidade urbana esta cada vez mais presente nas discussões sobre o desenvolvimento da humanidade, dado o explosivo crescimento das cidades no inicio do século 21. É evidente a percepção de que as cidades são o maior desafio para o desenvolvimento sustentável de um planeta urbano. O trabalho procura dissertar acerca desta problemática percorrendo inicialmente uma conceituação geral da sustentabilidade urbana e das cidades sustentáveis , ou seja, algumas das cidades que, recentemente, tem conseguido se reinventar, promovendo padrões de melhoria nos diversos indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana. Curitiba, Portland, Bogotá e Barcelona são analisadas a luz dos indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana de mobilidade, questões ambientais e governança. Prioritariamente, diversos dos indicadores que medem e servem de parâmetro na promoção da sustentabilidade urbana são de responsabilidade pública, fazem parte das políticas públicas e da gestão urbana por parte dos governos. Entretanto, em países como o Brasil, tradicionalmente os agentes privados têm papel relevante na construção de nossas cidades. Cabe destacar, assim, a responsabilidade dos agentes privados dos setores da construção civil e do desenvolvimento imobiliário na promoção, conjunta ao setor publico, do desenvolvimento urbano mais sustentável. Torna-se necessário um diagnóstico da situação vigente de nossas cidades, em prol da criação de novos parâmetros e ideias que contribuam para uma maior qualidade de vida urbana das futuras gerações. Entenda-se isso como um desenvolvimento sustentável urbano que incorpore melhores padrões de qualidade ambiental, econômico e social. A dissertação encerra-se com a análise da construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana de responsabilidade prioritária dos setores privados construção civil e desenvolvimento imobiliário que possam ajudar a promover a integração da sustentabilidade ao processo de planejamento urbano nas cidades brasileiras através de recomendações para os setores no desejo de se promover cidades mais sustentáveis.

A high proportion of urban residents in Tanzanian cities are tenants who rent rooms in privately owned houses in unplanned settlements. However, in housing policy and in urban planning rental tenure gets very little attention. This study focuses on the reasons for and consequences of this discrepancy between policy and practice. Perspectives and actions of different actors involved in the housing provision process in Mwanza City, Tanzania, have been central to the research. The examined actors are residents in various housing tenure forms as well as government officials and representatives at different levels, from the neighbourhood level to UN-Habitat. The main methods have been interviews and discussions with actors as well as studies of policy documents, laws and plans. Among government actors, private rental tenure is largely seen as an issue between landlords and tenants. Tanzanian housing policy focuses more on land for housing than on shelter. This means that house-owners who control land have a more important role in urban planning and policies than tenants have. In Tanzania in general and in Mwanza in particular, housing policy focuses on residents’ involvement in upgrading unplanned areas by organising in Community Based Organisations. This means that owners who live for a longer period in an area benefit more from settlement improvements than tenants. Tenants are relatively mobile and do not take for granted that they will stay in the same house for long. This raises the question of tenants’ possibilities to influence as well as their rights as citizens as compared to that of owners. The question of citizens’ rights for dwellers in informal settlements has received increased attention during the last years in international housing policy discussions. There is an evident need to intensify and diversify this discussion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LauroGB_DISSERT.pdf: 1311752 bytes, checksum: cecc58f80296f42ac18ec64c877a4622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / The right to housing is included in several international human rights instruments and in Brazilian legal system integrates the constitutional catalog of fundamental social rights (art. 6) and urban development policy (art. 182 and 183). Besides, it is for all federative governments its effectiveness by building programs and improvement of housing conditions and sanitation (art. 23, IX), which justifies the investment in urban planning and public policy of housing affordability because they are tools for achieving this right. Newer strategies in this area have been based on tax incentives, combined with the mortgage as a way to induce the construction of new housing units or reform those in a precarious situation. However, there is still a deficit households and environmental soundness, compounded with the formation of informal settlements. Consequently, we need constant reflections on the issue, in order to identify parameters that actually guide their housing policies in order to meet the constitutional social functions of the city and ensure well-begins of its citizens (art. 182). On the other hand, the intervention of the government in this segment can not only see the availability of the home itself, but also the quality of your extension or surroundings, observing aspects related to environmental sanitation, urban mobility, leisure and services essential health, education and social assistance. It appears that the smoothness and efficiency of a housing policy condition to the concept of adequate housing, in other words, structurally safe, comfortable and environmentally legally legitimate, viable from the extensive coordination with other public policies. Only to compliance with this guideline, it is possible to realize the right to housing in sustainable cities / O direito ? moradia consta de v?rios documentos internacionais de prote??o aos direitos humanos e no sistema jur?dico brasileiro integra o cat?logo constitucional dos direitos fundamentais sociais (art. 6?) e a pol?tica de desenvolvimento urbano (art. 182 e 183). Al?m disso, compete a todos os entes federativos a sua efetiva??o, mediante programas de constru??o e melhoria das condi??es habitacionais e de saneamento b?sico (art. 23, IX), o que justifica o investimento em planejamento urbano e em pol?ticas p?blicas de acesso ? moradia, por serem instrumentos de concretiza??o desse direito. As estrat?gias mais recentes nesse sentido t?m se pautado em est?mulos fiscais e tribut?rios, aliados ao financiamento imobili?rio, como forma de induzir a constru??o de novas unidades habitacionais ou a reforma daquelas em situa??o prec?ria. Entretanto, ainda persiste o d?ficit de domic?lios e de higidez ambiental, agravado com a forma??o dos assentamentos humanos informais. Por isso, s?o necess?rias constantes reflex?es acerca do assunto, a fim de se identificarem par?metros que realmente guiem as pol?ticas habitacionais no objetivo constitucional de atender ?s fun??es sociais da cidade e garantir o bem-estar coletivo (art. 182). Por outro lado, as interven??es do Poder P?blico nesse segmento n?o podem visualizar apenas a disponibilidade do domic?lio em si, mas tamb?m a qualidade do seu prolongamento ou entorno, observando aspectos relacionados ao saneamento ambiental, ? mobilidade urbana, ao lazer e aos servi?os essenciais de sa?de, educa??o e assist?ncia social. Constata-se que a lisura e a efici?ncia de uma pol?tica habitacional condicionam-se ao conceito de moradia adequada, ou seja, estruturalmente segura, juridicamente leg?tima e ambientalmente confort?vel, vi?vel a partir da ampla articula??o com as demais pol?ticas p?blicas. Somente com o atendimento a essa diretriz, ? poss?vel concretizar o direito ? moradia em cidades sustent?veis

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-04-13T18:00:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 David Costa Monteiro.pdf: 2947151 bytes, checksum: 2fa8ac9f19e8e0fa52699b42e5e4ca34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T18:00:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 David Costa Monteiro.pdf: 2947151 bytes, checksum: 2fa8ac9f19e8e0fa52699b42e5e4ca34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / The sustainability of cities depends on the logistics aspect related to the transportation of people residing in peripheral regions of large municipalities and who need attention regarding access to goods and services, whether public or private. In the particular case of the elderly residents far from the center of the city of São Paulo they go through the difficulty of aging itself, the question of recklessness in the face of low security in the most central area of the city, lack of public transportation options, distances extended by human growth and inaccessibility to public and private services. We investigated the issue of the elderly with hearing problems who need care to acquire hearing aids and the maintenance of such equipment. The general objective is to present the elements, based on the three pillars of sustainability (Triple Bottom Line), which can contribute to the improvement of the provision of goods and services to elderly people who use hearing aids and live in peripheral regions of the city of São Paulo. Methodologically, the research was based on a mixed approach: qualitative and quantitative, and also based on bibliographic review, documentary analysis and statistical analysis from a field survey and structured questionnaire application. From the economic point of view, the company under study provided new possibilities and new real gains with the new sales strategy adopted, which is consistent with door to door sales and through agreements with commercial partners located in the neighborhoods where their clientele reside. Socially, there was a great deficit of urban rigging and public investments in the direction of adequately adapting to the local needs of the population: the access to health to be improved, ergonomically lacking works, optimization of the elements essential to urban mobility (in face of the neighborhoods of Capão Redondo and Grajaú) such as public transport and others. From the environmental point of view, the company under study innovated by being able to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide initially promoted in its regionally directed sales. The contributions to the presented practice showed that new strategies of approaching the company with the clientele can supply the demand of a sustainable way for the lesser part of the city. As contributions to the theory the research was shown to be relevant when presenting that the tripod of sustainability can be applied by companies in diverse segments, as exposed, the branch of hearing aids in peripheral regions of the city of São Paulo. It is also concluded that if the entrepreneurs intelligently apply their resources, beneficially will influence the quality of life of their clientele, even more positively enhancing their business as a whole. / A sustentabilidade das cidades passa pelo aspecto da logística relativo ao transporte de pessoas residentes em regiões periféricas dos grandes municípios e que carecem de atenção quanto ao acesso aos bens e serviços, sejam estes de caráter público ou de caráter privado. No caso particular dos idosos residentes distante do centro da cidade de São Paulo, é possível observar que passam pela dificuldade oriunda do próprio envelhecimento, a questão da temeridade em face da baixa segurança na área mais central da cidade, falta de opções de transporte público, distâncias alongadas pelo crescimento humano e inacessibilidade a serviços públicos e privados. Investigou-se a questão do idoso portador de problemas auditivos que carece de atendimento para adquirir aparelhos auditivos e a manutenção desses equipamentos. Por objetivo geral têm-se apresentar os elementos com base nos três pilares da sustentabilidade (Triple Bottom Line), que podem contribuir na melhoria da prestação de bens e serviços a idosos que utilizam aparelhos auditivos e residem em regiões periféricas da cidade de São Paulo. Metodologicamente optou-se pela investigação de abordagem mista: qualitativa e quantitativa e, ainda, baseada nas técnicas de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e análise estatística a partir de levantamento em campo e aplicação de questionário estruturado. Por resultados, pôde-se encontrar que, do ponto de vista econômico, a empresa sob estudo proporcionou novas possibilidades e novos ganhos reais com a nova estratégia de vendas adotadas, esta consistente nas vendas door to door e por intermédio de acordos com parceiros comerciais localizados nos distritos em que sua clientela reside. Socialmente, apurou-se grande déficit de aparelhamento urbano e investimentos públicos na direção de se bem adequar às necessidades populacionais locais: é o caso do acesso à saúde a ser melhorado, calçamento ergonomicamente carente de obras, otimização dos elementos essenciais à mobilidade urbana (em face dos bairros do Capão Redondo e Grajaú), como o transporte público e outros. Do ponto de vista ambiental, a empresa estudada inovou ao conseguir diminuir o montante de gás carbônico inicialmente promovido em suas vendas regionalmente direcionadas. As contribuições para a prática apresentadas mostraram que novas estratégias de aproximação da empresa com a clientela podem suprir a demanda de uma forma sustentável para a parte menos abastada da cidade. Como contribuições para a teoria a pesquisa se mostrou relevante ao apresentar que o tripé da sustentabilidade pode ser aplicado por empresas em seguimentos diversos, como exposto, o ramo de aparelhos auditivos em regiões periféricas da cidade de São Paulo. Conclui-se, igualmente, que se o empresariado aplicar de modo inteligente seus recursos, beneficamente influenciará na qualidade de vida de sua clientela, potencializando, inclusive, de modo mais positivo, seus negócios como um todo.

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Syfte: För att skapa väl fungerade städer som främjar mångfaldigt liv påstår C/O City (2017) att ekosystemtjänster måste implementeras. En ökad befolkning och förtätning har lett till bristande grönstruktur i urbana miljöer. Detta påverkar miljön och social-ekologin negativt. För att skapa hållbara, resilienta och attraktiva städer måste mångfunktionella gröna lösningar skapas och bidra med ekosystemtjänster. Målet med arbetet är därför att tillföra mer kunskap om stadens ekosystemtjänster och hur vertikala växtväggar kan förbättrar stadsmiljön. Metod: Den kvalitativa datan som analyseras i denna undersökning utgörs av intervjuer, enkäter, en dokument- och litteraturstudie. Intervjuerna används för att ge en djupgående förståelse för kommuners och byggherrars arbete med vertikala växtväggar samt ekosystemtjänster. Enkätundersökningen används för att översiktligt kartlägga kommuners arbete med vertikala växtväggar. I dokument- och litteraturstudien studeras verkliga exempel och hur de har utförts. Resultat: Vertikala växtväggar har möjligheten att stärka den urbana miljön i staden. Dessa gröna väggar kan bidra med stödjande-, reglerande-, kulturella- och försörjande ekosystemtjänster. I nuläget kan vertikala växtväggar påverka och förbättra mikroklimatet, besmycka hårda miljöer och till viss del stärka den biologiska mångfalden. För att motivera en storskalig etablering måste priset för levande väggar minskas och först då skulle en förbättring av stadsmiljön kunna ske. Konsekvenser: I många fall överskrider kostnaden incitamentet för etablering av levande väggar. Det presenteras en större vilja att stärka stadens horisontella grönstruktur och befintlig parkmark. I dagsläget ger växtväggarna främst ekosystemtjänster i ett mikroperspektiv.  Det behövs en storskalig etablering för att påverka staden och befolkningen i sin helhet. I framtiden kan arbetsprocessen förbättras genom att öka kommunikationen mellan aktörer, ställa krav på grönytefaktorn samt motivera både byggherrar och individen att prioritera ekosystemtjänster högre. Rapporten ska sprida ljus över problemet och främja förbättring. Med rapporten som underlag kan förbättring av kommuners arbetsprocess ske. Begränsningar: Studien utreder inte hur vertikala växtväggar är konstruerade, tekniken bakom dem, ekonomiska faktorer eller växtväggar konstruerade inomhus. Den insamlade empirin tyder däremot på att ekonomi har en betydelse i frågan. Urvalet för enkätundersökningen har begränsats till Sveriges 50 största kommuner, utifrån invånare. Trots att urvalet begränsats geografiskt anses resultatet vara generellt. Den insamlade empirin tyder på att åsikterna kring ämnet är samstämmiga, och kan därav spegla de generella åsikterna om vertikal växtlighet i Sverige. / Purpose: To create well-functioning cities that promote diversity of life C/O City (2017) claims that ecosystem services must be implemented. An increased population and urbanization have led to a lack of green areas in urban environments. This has a negative effect on the environment and social ecology. To create sustainable, resilient and attractive cities, multifunctional green solutions must be implemented and contribute to ecosystem services. The aim of the thesis is therefore to give more knowledge about the city's ecosystem services and how vertical vegetation can improve the urban environment.  Method: The qualitative data analyzed in this thesis consists of interviews, survey, a document- and literature study. The interviews are used to provide an in-depth understanding of municipalities and developers work with vertical vegetation as well ecosystem services. The survey is used to map municipalities work with vertical vegetation. The document- and literature study analyzes real examples and how they have been executed. Findings: Vertical vegetation have the potential to strengthen the urban environment in the city. These green walls can provide supporting, regulatory, cultural and provisoning ecosystem services. At present, vertical vegetation can influence and improve the microclimate, embellish harsh environments and to some extent strengthen biodiversity. To justify a large-scale establishment, the price of living walls must be reduced and only then could an improvement of the urban environment take place. Implications: In many cases, the cost exceeds the incentive for establishing living walls. A greater willingness is presented to strengthen the city's horizontal green structure and existing parks. At present, vertical vegetation mainly provide ecosystem services in a micro perspective. A large-scale establishment is needed to influence the city and the population as a whole. In the future, the work process can be improved by increasing communication between actors, establish requirements for the green space factor and motivating both developers and the individual to give higher priority to ecosystem services. The thesis should shed light on the problem and promote improvement. With the thesis as a basis, the municipalities work process can be improved. Limitations: The thesis doesn’t investigate how vertical vegetation are constructed, the technology, economic factors or vertical vegetation constructed indoors. The collected empirical evidence, on the other hand, indicates that economics has a significance in the matter. The sample for the survey has been limited to Sweden's 50 largest municipalities, based on inhabitants. Although the selection is limited geographically, the result is considered to be general. The collected empirical evidence indicates that the views on the subject are consistent and may therefore reflect the general views on vertical vegetation in Sweden.

Dans un contexte de pressions démographique, économique et écologique, la plupart des pays s’engagent dans une transition écologique, pour préparer des modes de vie « post-pétrole », pour réduire leur empreinte écologique, pour prévenir les effets du réchauffement climatique. L’approche systémique et la performance écologique constituent des leviers du développement harmonieux des métropoles.Dans le but de pouvoir mieux évaluer les stratégies d’aménagement et mesurer le progrès réalisé sur un territoire, notre thèse s’attache à formuler une approche systémique de la performance écologique et à développer un cadre conceptuel, une méthodologie et des outils. Ces outils sont conçus pour mesurer la performance des métropoles de manière objective et scientifique. Afin de les tester, nous les avons appliqués à la métropole de Shanghai.La Chine, poursuivant une croissance économique, déjà fulgurante depuis 30 ans, a besoin de ressources naturelles, de technologies et de savoir-faire pour mieux maîtriser son développement, améliorer son environnement et offrir des conditions de vie plus qualitatives. Menant un vaste programme d’urbanisation depuis 1978, elle tente de faire migrer en ville 400 millions de paysans entre 2000 et 2030. Si la Chine adopte « l’économie circulaire », inspirée de l’écologie industrielle, intègre-t-elle les notions de performance écologique en urbanisme et aménagement ? Le profil organisationnel, la forme et les pratiques des villes, sont-ils améliorés ? Comment peut-elle, notre approche de la performance écologique, aider la Chine à améliorer l’aménagement de son territoire ? / Cities consume enormous amounts of energy and resources, and generate most of the world’s CO2 emissions and waste. Demographic, urban and ecological pressures require us to re-evaluate 20th-Century urban design models, especially in China and India (750 million additional urban residents by 2030), to create more sustainable cities and societies.Applying a systems approach and industrial ecology to cities is perhaps the best way to accelerate progress. This thesis proposes a unique methodology and tools for evaluating the ecological performance of cities, and then tests them on Shanghai. Future research will focus on comparative studies of cities, based on the same variables. Once this is accomplished, it will be possible to create an Observatory of the Ecological Performance of Cities.

Sustainable cities is an area that has grown in size over the last couple of years. The SESAC (Sustainable Energy Systems in Advanced Cities) is a EU-project looking at the potential to increase the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and promote energy efficiency measures in different EU cities. This master thesis is a part of that project. Specifically, the thesis examines the cities of Grenoble, Delft and Växjö and looks at what measures regarding RES and energy efficiency have been taken historically, both under the SESAC project and otherwise, and assesses the possibility of further measures in the cities. The main RES evaluated are wind power (large scale and urban), solar (PV and thermal) and waste treatment (waste incineration and biogas production). The feasibility of these renewable technologies is evaluated both physically, technically and economically for each city. Further, the historical and current hinders and promoters in the form of different support schemes and other economic and institutional schemes are summarized for each country and city and the effects of which included in the feasibility calculations. Also, current CO2 emissions of Grenoble, Delft and Växjö are stated and the impact of implementing the measures examined is calculated. A comparison between the three cities is also made and suggestions are made to what they can learn from each other and what synergies there are.    Results show that the technical potential for RES is sizeable in the cities, as seen in Table 1. Important to note are the differences between the cities. Besides from their differences in population size, ranging from 83 000 (Växjö) and 96 000 (Delft) to 400 000 (Grenoble), available land area as well as climate are very different in the cities, therefore affecting the potential for the RES technologies.   RES potential [GWh] Grenoble Delft Växjö Wind 458 1,2 (Urban only) 297-2000 Solar PV 375 150 0,06-0,3 Waste treatment 41 11 10 Table 1. Technical potential of RES in Grenoble, Delft and Växjö Looking at the economic potential, however, the picture is not as optimistic. The only economically feasible investments of the options in Table 1 are investing in solar PV in Grenoble and Delft (IRR of 0-10%) and wind in Växjö (IRR of 4%). All other investments have negative NPV:s and IRR:s, meaning that either the cost of the technologies must be reduced or more favorable support scheme be introduced in order to make the them profitable.

There is an urgent need to transition to more sustainable cities and to do so we must identify in what ways and where cities are unsustainable. Urban metabolism offers a way to provide insight into how to move from linear to more sustainable, circular flows of energy and material in the urban area. Incorporating circular economy principles into the urban metabolism concept offers a promising way to reduce urban resource flows and increase the sustainability of the urban system. This thesis aims to combine an urban metabolism framework with circular economy indicators to create an urban circular economy framework, to support the transition towards more sustainable cities. This was achieved by identifying urban metabolism frameworks at the urban scale as well as several circular economy indicators, and then developing criteria for assessing them. It was found that several of the urban metabolism frameworks lacked an inclusion of hinterlands and a life cycle perspective, but provided various approaches to the urban metabolism. Assessment of the identified circular economy indicators showed that there is a lack of flow-based indicators that evaluate the social dimension of sustainability. To assess this in an adequate way there is a need to develop flow-based circular economy indicators, or alternatively urban metabolism frameworks which incorporate the social aspects. Furthermore, there is a need to develop more evaluation criteria and a categorisation for assessing the circular economy indicators. This would ensure that all sectors and some scales of delineation are addressed and provide a holistic understanding of the circular economy. Still, a somewhat holistic view can be gained from the combination of several indicators, as shown in the circular economy framework developed in this thesis. The framework was developed by combining a multilevel urban metabolism framework with 17 of the selected circular economy indicators. Out of these, 16 could be applied directly to the multilevel framework and together they cover all assessment criteria for circular economy indicators. This new framework is extensive and can be used to evaluate circular economy from a sustainable point of view. However, it is not fully holistic since it does not cover all sectors and could use a larger set of indicators. Still, by providing an example of an urban circular economy framework, this thesis offers a step towards the development of urban circular economy frameworks. / Det finns ett akut behov att övergå till mer hållbara städer, och för att kunna göra det måste vi identifiera på vilka sätt städer är ohållbara. Urban metabolism är ett koncept som ger insikt i hur det är möjligt att gå från linjära till mer hållbara, cirkulära flöden av energi och material i urbana områden. Integrationen av principer från cirkulär ekonomi i den urbana metabolismen erbjuder ett lovande sätt att minska urbana resursflöden och därmed öka städers hållbarhet. Denna uppsats kombinerar ett ramverk för urban metabolism med indikatorer för cirkulär ekonomi och skapar på så sätt ett ramverk för urban cirkulär ekonomi. Syftet med det nya ramverket är att kunna stödja övergången till mer hållbara städer. Detta uppnåddes genom att identifiera ramverk för urban metabolism på urban skala, samt flera indikatorer för cirkulär ekonomi, samt utveckla kriterier för att utvärdera dessa. Det visade sig att flera av ramverken för urban metabolism inte behandlade påverkan på kringliggande områden och ett livscykelperspektiv, men gav olika tillvägagångssätt för att undersöka den urbana metabolismen. Utvärdering av de identifierade indikatorerna för cirkulär ekonomi visade att det saknas flödesbaserade indikatorer som bedömer den sociala dimensionen av hållbarhet. För att bättre kunna bedöma detta bör det utvecklas flödesbaserade indikatorer för cirkulär ekonomi, alternativt ramverk för urban metabolism som integrerar de sociala aspekterna. Dessutom finns det behov av att utveckla fler utvärderingskriterier för att bedöma indikatorerna, samt en kategorisering av dessa. Detta skulle säkerställa att alla sektorer och vissa detaljnivåer av flöden tas upp och ge en bättre helhetsförståelse för den cirkulära ekonomin. Utan dessa förbättringar kan dock ändå en något holistisk uppfattning erhållas från kombinationen av flera indikatorer, vilket visas i det skapade ramverket för cirkulär ekonomi. Ramverket utvecklades genom att kombinera ett flernivåigt ramverk för urban metabolism med 17 av de valda indikatorerna för cirkulär ekonomi. Av dessa kunde 16 tillämpas direkt på olika nivåer i nivåstrukturen från DPSIR Multilevel Framework. Tillsammans täcker de alla bedömningskriterier för indikatorer för cirkulär ekonomi. Detta nya ramverk är omfattande och kan användas för att utvärdera cirkulär ekonomi ur ett hållbarhetsperpektiv. Det är dock inte helt holistiskt eftersom det inte täcker alla sektorer och skulle kunna använda en större uppsättning indikatorer. Genom att ge ett exempel på ett ramverk för urban cirkulär ekonomi, erbjuder denna avhandling trots detta ett steg mot utvecklingen av ramverk för cirkulär ekonomi.

[pt] A crescente ocorrência de eventos extremos, impulsionada pelas mudanças climáticas, tem um impacto direto nas cidades, onde aproximadamente 60 por cento da população mundial reside. As Soluções baseadas na Natureza (SbN) têm se tornado importantes estratégias de adaptação e mitigação climática nas políticas públicas. Esse estudo teve como objetivo orientar a Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro na implantação de SbN no Distrito de Baixa Emissão (DBE). Assim, foi elaborado um Caderno de Orientação para implantação de SbN que busca dar suporte à Prefeitura na ação estruturante de requalificação urbana do DBE. Uma ferramenta de Seleção de SbN foi utilizada e adaptada para o contexto do DBE e foram identificados os fatores de sucesso da capacidade institucional da Prefeitura na implementação das SbN, além da apresentação das 15 SbN recomendadas. Também foram gerados mapas de áreas prioritárias de infraestrutura verde para o distrito, baseados no Guia Metodológico para Implantação de Infraestrutura Verde. Por fim, foram elaborados um projeto conceitual de SbN para duas avenidas localizadas no DBE, a fim de ilustrar a aplicação prática dessas ações em escala local, e um estudo hidrológico do volume de águas pluviais amortecido nas sub-bacias dessas avenidas, para avaliar o desempenho das soluções propostas. Este estudo busca auxiliar a tomada de decisão da Prefeitura na implementação das SbN no DBE. A integração de SbN em programas e a realização de parcerias-público privadas são algumas estratégias importantes a serem consideradas pela Prefeitura, bem como a realização de outras pesquisas de SbN direcionadas para o DBE. / [en] The increasing occurrence of extreme events driven by climate change hasa direct impact on cities, where almost 60 percent of the world s population resides.Nature-based solutions (NbS) have become essential climate adaptation and mitigation strategies on public policies. This study aimed to guide the Rio de Janeiro City Hall in development of NbS in the Low Emission Zone (LEZ). Thus, a Guideline for the Deployment of NbS was formulated to support the City Hall instructuring urban renewal actions in the LEZ. An NbS Selection tool was used and adapted to the context of the LEZ, and the success factors of Rio s institutional capacity in implementing NbS were identified, in addition to the presentation of the 15 recommended NbS. Maps depicting priority areas for green infrastructure within the LEZ were also generated based on the Methodological Guide for Green Infrastructure Implementation. Finally, a conceptual project of NbS was created for two avenues located in the LEZ, to illustrate the practical application of the seactions on a local scale, and a hydrological study of the attenuated storm water volume in the sub-basins of these avenues, to evaluate the performance of the proposed solutions. This study seeks to assist the City Hall s decision-making in the implementation of NbS in the LEZ. The integration of NbS in programs and the realization of public-private partnerships are some relevant strategies to be considered by the City, as well as the realization of further research on NbS directed to the LEZ.