Civil Service Protection Act was promulgated and announced in 1996, establishing a significant milestone for the protection of the rights and benefits of civil servants. Originally, the Act has 35 clauses only. In 2003, it was enormously revised, and increased to 104 clauses. With its regulative contents covering procedural and substantial requirements, the Act can be called a very special law. The relief procedures stipulated in the Act include two procedures: 1. retrial 2. appeal and re-appeal. Retrial is applied to the punishment that may change the identity and relationship of a civil servant, or has significant effects to the rights and benefits to a civil servant, or the item with property request right being infringed upon because of the identity of a civil servant. Appeal and re-appeal are applied to the management measure without significant effect to the rights and benefits of a civil servant, or the handling of the related working conditions. Although the implementation of Civil Service Protection Act protects the rights and benefits of civil servants, it causes impacts to the leadership of departmental officials. However, it facilitates the authorities to conduct administration according to the laws. With this system, the disputes between civil servants and institutions can be appropriately solved. To the business promotion of institutions, it has positive meaning. The study mainly investigates the problems currently existed, including whether the related protection of rights and benefits in Civil Service Protection Act is sufficient, whether the civil servants understand the protection of their rights and benefits, whether the protection procedures are proper, whether retrial system will lead to the waste and burden of administrative resources, etc. It is hoped that through the investigation of the existing system and the discoveries in times of practice, the proposed suggestions can be a reference for revising the law. The paper has about 10,000 words, and is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction. Chapter 2 analyzes the protection system of the civil servants of Taiwan. Chapter 3 is about the administrative self-evaluation. Chapter 4 compares the various administrative self-evaluation systems. Chapter 5 takes Kaohsiung City Government for examples, and undergoes case study, in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey for further explanation. Chapter 6 is about the conclusions and suggestions, giving proposes for the aspect of legal system and the aspect of execution. Especially on the aspect of execution, further investigation is made on three aspects, including the government authorities, civil servants and personnel. It is hoped that the study is helpful to the subsequent legal amendments or to researchers. Having analyzed some cases, and made in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey, the paper proposes several suggestions. First of all, the measurement standards of the administrative rules should be clearly specified. Secondly, a reinvestigation participation system should be established. Thirdly, the powers and functions of Civil Servants Association should be strengthened. Besides, the imposition of criminal punishment and disciplinary sanction should be reviewed. The disciplinary right should be passed to the administrative institutions, and the judicial institution should be responsible for the investigation right. In addition, the paper considers the appropriate disclosure of the punishment decisions or reinvestigation procedures and information so as to reduce the civil servants¡¦ queries of their institutions, establish in civil servants a value judgment of excellent work, and form a mutual supplementation and assistance relationship between the chiefs and the colleagues. Through the lectures and procedures, practical rehearsals, and the strengthening of personnel staff¡¦s business handling abilities, the institution is able to undergo an updated and harmonious development in maintaining the rights and benefits of civil servants and conducting the overall business promotion

<p>The aim of this study was to explore the use of play with toddlers who are HIV positive to facilitate play, playfulness and sensory-motor development. The objectives were to explore how the therapist facilitated play, to explore how the child responded to the intervention, to explore how playfulness manifested as a facilitatory strategy and to explore how playfulness manifested as a response. A qualitative approach framed the case study research method with three participants between the ages of twelve months and three years. The main source of data was a record of the play-based intervention with the three participants. Additional data was obtained from participant observation of the children&rsquo / s responses to the play-based intervention, and hospital and occupational therapy record notes. A theory analytical strategy was used by coding data using theoretic propositions inductively. Each case was first analyzed individually, and then an analysis was made across the cases. Qualitative analysis of the data was done manually by coding, seeking categories and eliciting emergent themes by using an analytical strategy of theoretical propositions and an analytical technique of explanation building. Coding was done inductively, using theoretical constructs from the occupation by design, namely the elements of appeal, intactness and accuracy. Signs of playfulness were coded according to evidence of the elements of playfulness, namely perception of control, intrinsic motivation, suspension of reality or framing were evident in the data. Findings of the study were reported under two themes: Playful enablement &ndash / the therapist and Engaging, playing and developing &ndash / the child.</p>

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Göttingen, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 387-406).

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how stakeholders’ view of sexual advertisement has been affected by the ‘#MeToo’-uprising and Time’s Up movement. A qualitative study has been conducted in order to gather information regarding stakeholders view of sexual appeal in advertising and how they have been affected by these movements. In this study, participants have been giving their thoughts and beliefs on this subject, which later on have been compared and analyzed in relation with existing theories. The findings of this study indicates an increased resistance to sexual advertising by the society due to the ‘#MeToo’-uprising and Time’s Up. Although, the resistance was greater among females than by males in this study. This is potentially due to the fact that women are the ones who constantly are being objectified in advertisement today, and throughout history. The practical implications of this thesis is that it could be to use for marketing firms who are engaged in advertising which contains sexual elements to better understand how ‘#MeToo’ and Time’s up have affected consumers’ view of sexual appeal in advertising. The original value of the study is new insights regarding consumers’ view of sexual appeal in advertisement as an effect of the ‘#MeToo’-uprising and the Time’s Up movement, which not have been studied before.

This study sought to review the due process appeal cases that came before the Texas State Commissioner of Education from 1970 to 1975 in order to determine the impact of the decision upon school districts' management and operation. Five purposes directed this study and are as follows: (a) to review the cases appealed to the State Commissioner from 1970 to 1975, (b) to develop a cross reference for cataloging these decisions, (c) to develop a handbook on reference materials for local administrative use, (d) to outline a special procedure for orderly due process, and (e) to determine the impact of these decisions rendered to concerning local school district policy. These five purposes were attained through a research design combining historical research methodology with survey research methodology. In conclusion, negligible impact was observed on school districts as a result of due process appeal cases. No school board changed policy as a result of the commissioner's decision. In summary, the five purposes were met. Attaining these five purposes produced the following, which are contained in the report: (a) a Cross-reference Matrix for cataloging decisions, (b) an Administrative Due Process Handbook containing case briefs, (c) a procedure for orderly due process, and (d) data results with interpretation.

A presente dissertação teve como objetivo cartografar acontecimentos que atravessam o devir de mães biológicas pelo resgate dos filhos que foram colocados em famílias substitutas e figuraram em processos de adoção. Para tal foram analisados três processos judiciais de adoção com contestação. A partir do referencial histórico genealógico foucaultiano o instituto da adoção foi problematizado, evidenciando práticas-discursivas que vem naturalizando o axioma abandono e adoção e alçando o instituto da adoção ao patamar de política pública, ou seja, questões que deveriam ser tratadas na esfera do Poder Executivo são transferidas para o Judiciário. A descrição dos casos apresentou litígios em torno da filiação, privilegiando as discussões acerca da instituição maternidade e da resistência empreendida por mulheres-mãe pauperizadas, contra o processo de exclusão, através das contestações às ações de adoção de seus filhos. A análise de conteúdo foi a ferramenta utilizada para interpretar e tecer considerações acerca dos casos narrados. Através dessa metodologia evidenciaram-se, nos discursos dos especialistas, os atravessamentos de ordem política, social e histórica na produção de subjetividades, que vem forjando a imagem de um segmento da população menos humano a mãe desnaturada. / The objective of this dissertation is to chart the movement of biological mothers to recover their children that were placed in substitute families, and toke part in adoption judicial processes. To do this, three contested processes were analyzed. Using Foucaults historical genealogy, the institution of adoption was problematic, and demonstrated arguments that have been naturalizing the axiom abandonment and adoption and raising the institution of adoption to the level of public policy, in other words, questions that should be dealt with in the sphere of the Executive branch are transferred to the Judicial. The description of these cases presented litigations regarding filiations, favoring arguments concerning the maternal institution and the resistance undertaken by poor mothers against the process of exclusion, by contesting the action of adoption of their children. The analysis of this content was the tool used to interpret and weave considerations concerning the cases described. Through this methodology, it will be shown in the argument of specialists, through political orders, social and historical subjectivity, that have forged the image of a segment of the population less human the malnourished mother.

A presente dissertação teve como objetivo cartografar acontecimentos que atravessam o devir de mães biológicas pelo resgate dos filhos que foram colocados em famílias substitutas e figuraram em processos de adoção. Para tal foram analisados três processos judiciais de adoção com contestação. A partir do referencial histórico genealógico foucaultiano o instituto da adoção foi problematizado, evidenciando práticas-discursivas que vem naturalizando o axioma abandono e adoção e alçando o instituto da adoção ao patamar de política pública, ou seja, questões que deveriam ser tratadas na esfera do Poder Executivo são transferidas para o Judiciário. A descrição dos casos apresentou litígios em torno da filiação, privilegiando as discussões acerca da instituição maternidade e da resistência empreendida por mulheres-mãe pauperizadas, contra o processo de exclusão, através das contestações às ações de adoção de seus filhos. A análise de conteúdo foi a ferramenta utilizada para interpretar e tecer considerações acerca dos casos narrados. Através dessa metodologia evidenciaram-se, nos discursos dos especialistas, os atravessamentos de ordem política, social e histórica na produção de subjetividades, que vem forjando a imagem de um segmento da população menos humano a mãe desnaturada. / The objective of this dissertation is to chart the movement of biological mothers to recover their children that were placed in substitute families, and toke part in adoption judicial processes. To do this, three contested processes were analyzed. Using Foucaults historical genealogy, the institution of adoption was problematic, and demonstrated arguments that have been naturalizing the axiom abandonment and adoption and raising the institution of adoption to the level of public policy, in other words, questions that should be dealt with in the sphere of the Executive branch are transferred to the Judicial. The description of these cases presented litigations regarding filiations, favoring arguments concerning the maternal institution and the resistance undertaken by poor mothers against the process of exclusion, by contesting the action of adoption of their children. The analysis of this content was the tool used to interpret and weave considerations concerning the cases described. Through this methodology, it will be shown in the argument of specialists, through political orders, social and historical subjectivity, that have forged the image of a segment of the population less human the malnourished mother.

In this essay two basic legal concepts, judicial decision and adjudication, are explored in the light of the discipline of Peruvian Civil Procedure Code of 1993 (CPC). This analysis is made from an analyticdogmatic perspective, aiming to show that an adequate use of those concepts is decisive to solve practical problems, foremost in the field of the appeal. / En el presente trabajo se exploran dos conceptos jurídicos básicos, resolución judicial y decisión, a la luz de la regulación del Código Procesal Civil peruano de 1993 (CPC). Este análisis se realiza a partir de un enfoque analítico-dogmático, buscando demostrar que un adecuado trabajo con dichos conceptos es decisivo para resolver problemas prácticos, sobre todo en el ámbito de la impugnación.

O processo civil brasileiro tem sofrido contínuas alterações, sempre com vistas à busca de maior celeridade e efetividade jurisdicional. O aumento dos poderes do relator no julgamento dos recursos cíveis foi uma das formas encontradas para se acelerar a prestação jurisdicional e desobstruir a pauta dos Tribunais, hoje assolados por uma enorme quantidade de recursos. No entanto, as modificações da legislação que ampliaram os poderes do relator não escaparam às críticas da doutrina, seja por conta das deficiências da redação do dispositivo, seja do alcance prático do julgamento monocrático, chegando até mesmo a ter sua constitucionalidade questionada. O trabalho aborda essas questões trazendo um olhar contemporâneo e reflexivo sobre o tema. / The Brazilian civil procedure has undergone continuous changes, always seeking celerity and effectiveness. The increase of the powers of the rapporteur in the trial of civil appeals was one of the resources used to accelerate the judiciary relief and unclog the Courts agenda, currently plagued by a huge amount of appeals. However, changes in the law that expanded the powers of the rapporteur did not escape the doctrines criticism, whether on account of the wording deficiencies or on the practical effect of the judgment, having even its constitutionality questioned. This paper addresses these issues under a contemporary and reflexive right.

No início do presente trabalho, foi elaborado um histórico do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do recurso extraordinário, além de se traçar alguns aspectos sobre o papel da Corte na atualidade, resultado das mudanças sociais aspiradas pela Constituição de 1988 e de recentes reformas legislativas. Se, por um lado, o constituinte originário pretendeu ampliar o acesso à Justiça, não menos verdade é que a realidade acabou por demonstrar a insuficiência do modelo então vigente para dar respostas adequadas e céleres aos jurisdicionados. O Poder Judiciário brasileiro carece de importantes reformas procedimentais, com o objetivo de atribuir maior eficácia às decisões dos Tribunais Superiores, e, assim, desestimular a interposição de recursos a respeito de questões já sedimentadas. Neste contexto foi que se introduziram os institutos da súmula vinculante e da repercussão geral das questões constitucionais, este último como requisito de admissibilidade do recurso extraordinário. Ao longo do segundo capítulo, houve a apresentação dos institutos antecedentes da repercussão geral (introduzida pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004), como a arguição de relevância vigente sob a Constituição de 1967, a transcendência do direito trabalhista (artigo 896-A da CLT), o certiorari do direito norte-americano e a ofensa federal relevante do direito argentino, além de outras experiências do direito estrangeiro. Detendo-se acerca da repercussão geral, no terceiro capítulo foram identificados alguns critérios adotados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal nos julgamentos até o momento realizados, além de esclarecidas algumas noções fundamentais, como a natureza do provimento jurisdicional dele decorrente. No quarto e quinto capítulos foram apresentadas as principais questões procedimentais a respeito do exame da repercussão geral. Relativamente ao julgamento de recursos múltiplos previsto no artigo 543-B, §§ 3º e 4º, do CPC, também se estudou em que medida estará o Tribunal de origem vinculado à decisão a ser proferida pelo STF. Por fim, verificou-se se tais normas estão em harmonia com o sistema processual vigente, notadamente em relação aos princípios e garantias processuais presentes na Constituição da República de 1988. / The beginning of this work presents a background of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court and the extraordinary appeal. It also presents an outline of the Court\'s current role, which is a result of the social changes aimed by the 1988 Brazilian Constitution and by recent legislative reforms. The original constituent primarily intended to expand the access to justice, but reality revealed that the operative model at the time was insufficient to respond swiftly and adequately to those under it jurisdiction. Brazilian Judiciary needs important procedural reforms in order to bring effectiveness to the decisions of the Supreme Courts and consequently discourage appeals against settled questions. The binding precedent and the general repercussion on constitutional subjects the latter being the admissibility requirement of the extraordinary appeal were introduced in this context. Through the second chapter, there is the presentation of the institutes previous to the general repercussion (introduced by the Constitutional Amendment 45/2004), such as the allegation of relevance operative on the 1967 Constitution, the labor law transcendence (article 896-A of the Brazilian Labor Code), the certiorari from the North-American Law system and the relevant federal offense from the Argentinian Law system, among other experiences from foreign Law systems. With regard to the general repercussion, the third chapter identifies some criteria adopted by the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court on its trials up to the present and sets forth some fundamental notions, such as the nature of the jurisdictional provision. The fourth and fifth chapters present the main procedural issues regarding the analysis of the general repercussion. They also study to what extent the court of origin is bound by the decision delivered by the Federal Supreme Court regarding multiple appeal judgments, as established by article 543-B, sections 3rd and 4th of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. Finally, this work verifies whether such norms are in harmony with the current procedural system, notably regarding procedural principles and safeguards from the 1988 Brazilian Constitution.