Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / “The constitution of the narrative and figural self in the complex temporality of Lobo Antunes” has as study object the novel What horses are those that make shade on the sea? (2009), by the contemporary Portuguese writer Antonio Lobo Antunes. In the novel it is narrated the story of the affective de-structure and the loss of the material goods of a traditional Portuguese family, through the voices of family‟s components. It is confused in the narrative, thus, the past experiences of the characters and their projections for the future. The characters-narrators, when remembering the past experiences and when projecting expectations for the future, defocus the present of the narrative in reflections that seem not to finish any conclusion about their experiences. It results from that a chaotic and bitter world, marked by multiple and contradicted affections of the characters in relation to their relatives, manifesting in the own structure of the narrative, with its ramifications, deviances and fragmentations. The configuration of the intrigue ends to evince, then, the conflicting and problematic nature of the own characters. This incessant returning to the past allied to this expectative of future and the reflections about the events reconstruct these distinct moments of experience of time in a present time always distended, in transition. The novel seems to reconstruct certain aporia of time, once that the time shows itself as makeable in the consciousness of the characters, and paradoxically, as fluid and transitory. This thick and complex character of temporality in the narrative configuration, the intertwine among told present, remembered past and expected future confers a psychological density to the characters, and never attributing to them an stable and cohesive identity and an integral image. We find, thus, in this dissertation, a reflection about the contemporary Portuguese literature, the work of the author, and an analysis of the novel based, mainly, on the studies of Paul Ricoeur about the interdependence among the configuration of intrigue, temporality and the constitution of a narrative identity. / “A constituição do eu narrativo e figural na temporalidade complexa de Lobo Antunes” tem como objeto de estudo o romance Que cavalos são aqueles que fazem sombra no mar? (2009), do escritor português contemporâneo António Lobo Antunes. No romance, é narrada a história de desestruturação afetiva e de perda dos bens materiais de uma tradicional família portuguesa, através das vozes dos componentes dessa família. Confundem-se na narrativa, então, as vivências passadas das personagens e as suas projeções para o futuro. As personagens-narradoras, ao relembrar as experiências do passado e ao projetar expectativas para o futuro, desfocam o presente da narrativa em reflexões que parecem não encerrar conclusão alguma sobre suas vivências. Resulta disso um mundo caótico e amargo, marcado pelos múltiplos e contraditórios afetos das personagens em relação aos seus familiares, manifestado na própria estrutura da narrativa, com suas ramificações, desvios e fragmentações. A configuração da intriga acaba por evidenciar, então, o caráter conflitante, problemático das próprias personagens. Esse retorno incessante ao passado aliado a essa expectativa do futuro e às reflexões sobre os eventos reconstroem esses momentos distintos da experiência do tempo em um tempo presente sempre distendido, em transição. O romance parece reconstituir certa aporia do tempo, visto que os tempos mostram-se como marcantes na consciência das personagens e, paradoxalmente, como fluidos e transitórios. Esse caráter denso e complexo da temporalidade na configuração da narrativa, o entrelaçamento entre presente contado, passado relembrado e de um futuro esperado confere uma densidade psicológica às personagens, sem nunca atribuir-lhes uma identidade estável e coesa e uma imagem íntegra. Encontra-se nessa dissertação, uma reflexão sobre a literatura portuguesa contemporânea, a obra do autor, e uma análise do romance com base, principalmente, nos estudos de Paul Ricoeur sobre a interdependência entre a configuração da intriga, a temporalidade e a constituição de uma identidade narrativa.

This thesis ?Cooperation of the school with parents of children who are begginning school attendance? describes concrete forms of communicatoin and coopertion of the school with parents of children who are begginning school attendance. The theoretical part is focused on scholar of freshman class, focused on school maturity and readiness, school immaturity, initiation of school attendance and affimnity of family with school. The practical part is focused on concrete forms of communicatoin and coopertion of the school with parents, usage rate of this cooperation and content of concrete forms of coopertion. There are also describes cooperation of the school with parents of children of preschool age. This thesis describes concrete requirements on the parents.

The primary objective of the thesis will be to focus on patent protection of software under the European Patent Convention, by analyzing the different approaches that the European Patent Office has taken into consideration since the mid-1980s. These approaches are derived from the different decisions that emanate from the Technical Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office. The thesis will examine the most relevant decisions illustrating the juridical tendencies and basis that have been utilized to decide over the patentability of computer programs. The analysis will conclude with the latest approach taken by the Technical Board of the European Patent Office. The study will examine the patentability requirements of inventions in general established within the European Patent Convention. Sources that will be utilized to carry out this research will include case law, legislation, specialized legal commentary; journals and books. The present study sustains that computer programs may be patented as long as they comply with all the general requirements of an invention prescribed under the European Patent Convention together with the condition established by case law called the technical character requirement. Nevertheless, due to the fact that the Technical Boards of Appeal are not bound by previous case law, the current position could keep evolving as it relies on the stance of  the European Patent Office on patentability of computer programs which is seems to be influenced by the changes in the technological world

Avanços na área da tecnologia de informação proporcionaram mudanças em diversas áreas da atividade humana. A comunicaço cientifica e uma destas áreas. Periódicos científicos, que tradicionalmente utilizam como meio de divulgação a mídia impressa, possuem agora como alternativa a midia eletrônica. Alguns periódicos científicos lançados no final do século XX estão disponíveis exclusivamente no formato eletrônico. Esta tese de Doutorado analisa de forma específica as dinâmicas de acesso e uso dos periódicos científicos eletônicos brasileiros na área da Ciência da Informação. Discutem-se diversos tópicos fundamentais para a compreensão deste assunto. O estudo do acesso dos usuários aos periódicos foi realizado através da análise dos arquivos de log de acesso gerados pelos servidores web onde estão hospedados os periódicos selecionados para a pesquisa. O estudo relacionado ao uso que os usuários fazem dos periódicos foi realizado através da análise de um questionário enviado para os docentes dos programas de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação, credenciados pela Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES, até a data de 30 de junho de 2001. A pesquisa identifica vários comportamentos dos usários quando do acesso aos periódicos científicos eletrônicos brasileiros, bem como algumas barreiras para uma utilização mais efetiva deste recurso. As conclusões da pesquisa sao relevantes para a elaboraço de novos periódicos cientificos eletrônicos. O prototipo de um sistema de informação eletrônico, voltado para o gerenciamento do processo de elaboração de um periódico científico eletrônico, e apresentado em sugestões para futuras pesquisas. Este protótipo materializa algumas das idéias discutidas ao longo do texto. / Electronic journals, Scientific Communication, Information Science, Information Technology

Marketing, franchising, franchisor, franchisee, marketing tools, risk

The thesis focuses on folk culture in Chodsko. The main focus is folk songs and collectors. It provides an insight into the differences between the Upper and Lower Chodsko region. Reader will find important historical and present personalities for regional folk culture. At the end of the thesis there is a proposal for working with Chodsko's folk culture in the primaey school environment. KEYWORDS Chodsko, folclore, folk culture, folk music, folk dance, Ludvík Kuba, folclore to school, Here we are home

This thesis is concerned with the Czech doctor's campaign "Thanks, we are leaving" on the background of the health care system in the Czech Republic. The campaign started in 2010 by the Czech doctors trying to focus on the working conditions, salary conditions, educational system and some failures of the health care system with the aim to improve it. The campaign resulted in February 2011 in a compromise between doctors and Ministry of Health. This thesis focuses especially on media and on the interest group LOK (Medical union trade club) which set the agenda. The perception of the campaign is ambiguous both for the public and for the doctors themselves. The individual milestones of campaign are explained by the theory of punctuated equilibrium from the authors Bryan D. Jones and Frank R. Baumgartner. Using many helpful methods such as content analysis of media messages, semi- structured interviews with particular actors, analysis of secondary sources, stakeholder analysis or analysis of selected events in health policy I explained the core events and actors who participated in this campaign. The theoretical concepts used in this thesis are: public policy in its multidisciplinary meaning, health policy and health care system, punctuated equilibrium theory, theories concerned with interest groups...

Text in English and Arabic / In pre-colonial Africa, the Southwestern Sahara which includes Mauritania, Mali and Senegal belonged to what was then referred to as the Sudan and extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Red Sea. The advent of Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa in the 11th century heralded an intellectual marathon whose literary output still fascinates us today. At a time when Europe was emerging from the dark ages and Africa was for most Europeans a terra incognita, indigenous African scholars were composing treatises as diverse as mathematics, agriculture and the Islamic sciences. A twentieth century Mauritanian, Arabic monograph, Irshād al- Muqallidīn ʿinda ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn1, written circa 1910/1332, by a yet unknown Mauritanian jurist of the Mālikī School, Bāba bin al-Shaykh Sīdī al- Shinqīṭī al-Ntishā-ī (d.1920/1342), a member of the muchacclaimed Shinqīṭī fraternity of scholars, is a fine example of African literary accomplishment. This manuscript hereinafter referred to as the Irshād, is written within the legal framework of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh). A science that relies for the most part on the intellectual and interpretive competence of the independent jurist, or mujtahid, in the application of the methodologies employed in the extraction of legal norms from the primary sources of the sharīʿah. The subject matter of the Irshād deals with the question of juristic differences. Juristic differences invariably arise when a mujtahid exercises his academic freedom to clarify or resolve conundrums in the law and to postulate legal norms. Other independent jurists (mujtahidūn) may posit different legal norms because of the exercise of their individual interpretive skills. These differences, when they are deemed juristically irreconcilable, are called ikhtilāfāt (pl. of ikhtilāf). The author of the Irshād explores a corollary of the ikhtilāf narrative and posits the hypothesis that there ought not to be ikhtilāf in the sharīʿah. The proposed research will comprise an annotated translation of the monograph followed by a synopsis and commentary on its dominant themes. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Litt. et Phil. (Islamic Studies)

Men’s violence against women is a global social problem that occurs in all arenas of society, regardless of factors such as age, ethnicity, and social class. The portrayal of the victimized woman and dominant discourses present in guiding documents establish a framework for determining the appropriate support measures to address the needs that arise as a result of violence. Women who are victims of violence risk being left without support from social services if they do not identify with the institutional identity provided. Therefore, a critical examination of the subject positions for women who are victims of violence and how their support needs are portrayed in government propositions becomes important to understand the intentions behind the legislated support. The purpose of this study is to use critical discourse analysis to examine how government propositions in the field of intimate partner violence portray women who are victims of violence and their support needs. As part of this, the study aims to identify dominant discourses by highlighting and creating an understanding of how different subject positions and support needs are made visible or invisible in the examined material. The study is based on a qualitative research approach, and the research material consists of three government propositions in the field of intimate partner violence. Discourse analysis, based primarily on Fairclough's three-dimensional model, has been used as the methodological approach. Discourse analysis has also been used as a theoretical framework, complemented by intersectional perspectives. The results reveal a hidden aspect of dominance in the linguistic expression and modality of the material that risks disregarding marginalized perspectives and neglecting specific needs.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur relationen mellan människa och djur framställs i den samtida realistiska litteraturen för att diskutera motsägelsefulla etiska aspekter av djursynen i den industrialiserade delen av världen. Genom att i analysen av romanen Vi är alla helt utom oss av Karen Joy Fowler utgå från djurstudier är ambitionen att synliggöra och ifrågasätta rådande normer kring djursyn. Fowler illustrerar hur en nära relation till ett annat djur kan skapa medkänsla för andra levande varelser, påverka livsval och förändra sättet vi agerar på. Genom att minska distanseringen arterna emellan och leva med andra djur kan människan få en mer empatisk djursyn och förlegade idéer om att utnyttja djur kan ifrågasättas. Fowlers roman visar att olikheterna mellan arter snarare handlar om uppträdande än om beteckning, vilket öppnar för en diskussion kring multiarter. Det framgår också att språket saknar förmågan att spegla verklighetens rikedom och komplexitet när det rör sig om identitet. / The purpose of the thesis is to examine how the relation between human and animal is depicted in the contemporary realistic literature and to discuss contradictory ethical aspects of the Western view of animals. Using Animal Studies, the analysis of the novel We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves by Karen Joy Fowler questions the prevailing norms around the view of animals in our society. Fowler’s novel illustrates how a close relationship with another animal can create compassion for other living beings, influence the choices we make and may change the way we act. By reducing the distance between species, humans can develop a stronger understanding for animals and start to question norms and outdated ideas about exploiting animals. Fowler’s novel shows that the differences between species concerns behavior rather than designation, which opens up for a discussion about multi-species. It is clear that language lacks the ability to reflect the richness and complexity of reality when it comes to identity.