Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Tereza Cecchi Cervera.pdf: 13374036 bytes, checksum: a313c2adbe1340cfc9078bcaf91df7d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-21 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / There has been a constant concern about the improvement of reading and writing skills among secondary school students in the continuous teachertraining programmes run by the São Paulo State school network in recent years. This study seeks to make a contribution to this debate by undertaking research into the question of the effects of these programmes (called the Secondary Education network in training Secondary School teachers of Portuguese). By assessing the standard of the texts written by students whose teachers took part in the programme, the study sought to determine how much what had been learnt in the area of gender discourse and, in particular the ideas expressed in articles, had become a part of the students´ everyday classroom activities and had helped them to produce texts of their own. To achieve this aim, four teachers were invited from four different schools in the east of São Paulo to select 35 students to write articles expressing opinions. These were marked on the basis of the criteria laid down by the Secondary School Network. The analysis of the results showed that the students had still not mastered the ability to produce written texts of this kind. Thus, although the teachers had taken part in the official programme, they had not managed to teach their students the basic skills required to become competent readers and writers in this area. This finding leads us to reflect on teacher-training courses and the public policies implemented in recent years by the Secretary for Education in the State of São Paulo / A preocupação com o desenvolvimento da compreensão leitora e escritora dos alunos do ensino médio tem sido um tema constante nos programas de formação continuada oferecidos aos professores da rede estadual paulista nos últimos anos. Com o intuito de contribuir com a discussão desta temática, esta pesquisa avaliou o impacto de um destes programas, intitulado Ensino Médio em Rede na formação do professor de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Médio. Utilizando-se da avaliação de textos de alunos cujos professores foram cursistas certificados no referido programa, pretendeu-se saber quanto do que havia sido desenvolvido no que tange ao trabalho com gêneros do discurso, mais especificamente o artigo de opinião, havia passado a fazer parte de sua prática diária de sala de aula contribuindo na produção de textos dos alunos. Foram convidados 4 professores de escolas diferentes, de uma diretoria da zona leste da capital paulista, que indicaram 35 alunos para produzirem um artigo de opinião, que foi corrigido segundo os critérios propostos pelo programa Ensino Médio em Rede. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que os alunos ainda não dominam a produção escrita deste gênero e apesar do professor ter sido cursista certificado pelo programa, não conseguiu desenvolver com seus alunos as competências básicas para torná-los leitores e escritores competentes no que se refere a este gênero. Tal constatação nos leva a uma reflexão dos cursos de formação de professores e das políticas públicas implantadas nos últimos anos pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo

Trotz großer Dokumentmengen für datenbankübergreifende Literaturrecherchen erwarten akademische Nutzer einen möglichst hohen Anteil an relevanten und qualitativen Dokumenten in den Trefferergebnissen. Insbesondere die Reihenfolge und Struktur der gelisteten Ergebnisse (Ranking) spielt, neben dem direkten Volltextzugriff auf die Dokumente, inzwischen eine entscheidende Rolle beim Design von Suchsystemen. Nutzer erwarten weiterhin flexible Informationssysteme, die es unter anderem zulassen, Einfluss auf das Ranking der Dokumente zu nehmen bzw. alternative Rankingverfahren zu verwenden. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Mehrwertverfahren für Suchsysteme vorgestellt, die die typischen Probleme bei der Recherche nach wissenschaftlicher Literatur behandeln und damit die Recherchesituation messbar verbessern können. Die beiden Mehrwertdienste semantische Heterogenitätsbehandlung am Beispiel Crosskonkordanzen und Re-Ranking auf Basis von Bradfordizing, die in unterschiedlichen Phasen der Suche zum Einsatz kommen, werden hier ausführlich beschrieben und im empirischen Teil der Arbeit bzgl. der Effektivität für typische fachbezogene Recherchen evaluiert. Vorrangiges Ziel der Promotion ist es, zu untersuchen, ob das hier vorgestellte alternative Re-Rankingverfahren Bradfordizing im Anwendungsbereich bibliographischer Datenbanken zum einen operabel ist und zum anderen voraussichtlich gewinnbringend in Informationssystemen eingesetzt und dem Nutzer angeboten werden kann. Für die Tests wurden Fragestellungen und Daten aus zwei Evaluationsprojekten (CLEF und KoMoHe) verwendet. Die intellektuell bewerteten Dokumente stammen aus insgesamt sieben wissenschaftlichen Fachdatenbanken der Fächer Sozialwissenschaften, Politikwissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Psychologie und Medizin. Die Evaluation der Crosskonkordanzen (insgesamt 82 Fragestellungen) zeigt, dass sich die Retrievalergebnisse signifikant für alle Crosskonkordanzen verbessern; es zeigt sich zudem, dass interdisziplinäre Crosskonkordanzen den stärksten (positiven) Effekt auf die Suchergebnisse haben. Die Evaluation des Re-Ranking nach Bradfordizing (insgesamt 164 Fragestellungen) zeigt, dass die Dokumente der Kernzone (Kernzeitschriften) für die meisten Testreihen eine signifikant höhere Precision als Dokumente der Zone 2 und Zone 3 (Peripheriezeitschriften) ergeben. Sowohl für Zeitschriften als auch für Monographien kann dieser Relevanzvorteil nach Bradfordizing auf einer sehr breiten Basis von Themen und Fragestellungen an zwei unabhängigen Dokumentkorpora empirisch nachgewiesen werden. / In spite of huge document sets for cross-database literature searches, academic users expect a high ratio of relevant and qualitative documents in result sets. It is particularly the order and structure of the listed results (ranking) that play an important role when designing search systems alongside the direct full text access for documents. Users also expect flexible information systems which allow influencing the ranking of documents and application of alternative ranking techniques. This thesis proposes two value-added approaches for search systems which treat typical problems in searching scientific literature and seek to improve the retrieval situation on a measurable level. The two value-added services, semantic treatment of heterogeneity (the example of cross-concordances) and re-ranking on Bradfordizing, which are applied in different search phases, are described in detail and their effectiveness in typical subject-specific searches is evaluated in the empirical part of the thesis. The preeminent goal of the thesis is to study if the proposed, alternative re-ranking approach Bradfordizing is operable in the domain of bibliographic databases, and if the approach is profitable, i.e. serves as a value added, for users in information systems. We used topics and data from two evaluation projects (CLEF and KoMoHe) for the tests. The intellectually assessed documents come from seven academic abstracting and indexing databases representing social science, political science, economics, psychology and medicine. The evaluation of the cross-concordances (82 topics altogether) shows that the retrieval results improve significantly for all cross-concordances, indicating that interdisciplinary cross-concordances have the strongest (positive) effect on the search results. The evaluation of Bradfordizing re-ranking (164 topics altogether) shows that core zone (core journals) documents display significantly higher precision than was seen for documents in zone 2 and zone 3 (periphery journals) for most test series. This post-Bradfordizing relevance advantage can be demonstrated empirically across a very broad basis of topics and two independent document corpora as well for journals and monographs.

NC, Duke Univ., Dep. of Economics, Diss.--Durham, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 3 Beitr.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).

The main objective of the thesis called: "Benefits of professional practice for graduates in subject of Public Health Protection at Faculty of Health and Social Studies of University of South Bohemia", was to monitor graduates´ views of quality and benefits of professional practice in this field. As a partial objective I decided to find out whether the practice experience met the expectations of graduates. I set three research hypotheses. The first hypothesis says, the graduates in subject of Public Health Protection rate professional practice as beneficial. The second hypothesis says, the graduates in subject of Public Health Protection rate the professional practice as good. The third and last research hypothesis says, the professional practice met the graduates? expectations. First two hypotheses were fully proved, the third hypothesis was proved only from 50%. My thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The chapter "Current State" was worked out by the method of secondary data analysis. I tried to summarize different fields and issues and to explain concepts related to the study and practice of students. The quantitative method was applied to process empirical research. The method of a questionnaire was applied to gather data. The questionnaire was compiled only for the purpose of this research and has 45 questions. There are closed, open and semi-closed questions in the questionnaire. The research sample consists of graduates in subject of Public Health Protection at Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice. The data were gathered from November 2010 till March 2011. Survey was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaires were distributed to 125 graduates in Public Health Protection via the Internet. The resulting research file consists of 72 respondents (100%). Until now, no literature that would examine this issue has been published. Therefore, the findings are unlikely to confront. This thesis might be a valuable feedback providing matter-of-fact and specific comments of graduates. I hope, this research will be inspiration for improvement of both professional practice and tuition.

International water law has been unable to translate its principles into effective institutions for the management of shared water resources. National interest has often override any real commitment to the principles of international water law as reflected by the draft Articles of the ILC. Based on the theory of sovereignty, it emphasises a discretionary power to co-operate. However, the community of interest's theory is rather recommended as basis for co-operation. The draft Articles does not take sufficient account of the role domestic water policies, international relations and economics play in the co-operation of states. An integrated approach that considers social and economic effects within an environmental context is proposetL The political economy of water includes the potential of 'virtual water' through the importation of staple grains. A holistic approach, taking global trade in agriculture into account, is recommended. The SADC countries should also consider the potential of regional trade in 'virtual water'. / Law / LL. M. (Law)

The thesis was chosen on the basis of the continuation of the bachelor´s work. This thesis is focused on the literature search of problems of the conflicts between the protection of cormorants and the interest of fishery, further on the media analysis in the Czech Republic and finally on the processing of opinions of various groups of respondents (holidaymakers in the area called ´Třeboňsko´ and Czech fishermen). The opinions of questioned people were obtained from controlled interviews written down and processed in the questionnaires. The available information shows that a number of the protected cormorants is increasing not only in the Czech Republic but all over the world. The increase of the number of cormorant population causes problems especially to fishery, because cormorants cause the damage by catching fish stock. These conflicts in the problem area are mostly promoted in the media. In the problem area there are important opinions of the key groups of inhabitants. Groups of questioned people demonstrated their knowledge: holidaymakers in the area called ´Třeboňsko´ have basic knowledge in cormorants and problems caused by cormorants. On the contrary, fishermen are well-informed about the problem. The fishermen are more interested in the problem. Media are very important for solving conflicts and forming opinions of various groups of people. Media analysis showed that most spokesmen, who initiated writing newspaper articles were just fishermen. Therefore the articles on the cormorants are negative and without opinions on the spokesmen as member of general public or academics. Results of the sociological analysis have feed back on the results of the media analysis. It was found out that in the Czech Republic there had not been drawn up any management of fish protection againts cormorants. That is why I prefer to suggest the management in the near future. I recommend to follow the existing foreign management, forexample, in Great Britain. Further, I propose to change the Czech legislation for lower payment of the compensation for the damage caused by cormorants.

3D列印技術最早可以被追溯到18世紀，直到2012年英國經濟學人期刊表示3D列印技術將引爆第三次工業革命後，全球各國與產業界更加投入於此。直至今日，世界智慧財產權組織(WIPO)於2015年公布的《世界智慧財產報告》仍將3D列印列為三大前鋒技術之一，Gartner在2016年所提出之年度預測中，亦表示3D列印在2017年仍是最重要之技術之一，本文研究發現其具備設計靈活、材料多樣、一體成型、以及材料節省等特性，在技術與設備逐漸成熟、價格降低等因素下，業界已將其運用在產品製造的各個階段－設計、製造、銷售、與維修階段，且根據研究許多企業亦對於3D列印抱持正面、積極之態度，可見3D列印技術之價值。本文因此以3D列印技術為對象討論，並討論所涉及之著作權議題。 本文觀察到在3D列印中有兩個值得關注的部分，首先，由於其可使用多種材料製作多樣列印成品，當中包括了實用性物品之設計，即兼具藝術性與實用性之創作，會產生是否可受著作權保護之疑問，以及不同於純藝術之創作，為避免給予保護後將逾越著作權之立法精神，是否需要適用額外之著作權保護要件之問題；其次，由於3D列印在製造過程中，可分為建模階段、列印階段，當中涉及空間轉換之情形，因此會產生我國著作權法上如何評價此議題之疑問，本文針對以上兩部分進行研究，透過我國與美國實務與學說見解，分析與提出建議。 根據我國著作權法之規範，本文認為我國著作權法在圖形著作與美術著作中係有兼具實用性與藝術性之創作類型存在，惟過去我國實務在美術著作僅以「手工」、「一品製作」之「美術工藝品」，本文認為專利法與著作權法並非互斥，有雙重保護之可能下，應揚棄「手工」、「一品製作」要件，縱使獲得設計專利保護、或屬於「機械」、「大量製造」之工業設計，亦可獲得著作權保護，因此本文建議修正「美術工藝品」用語為「應用美術」。接著是否需額外著作權保護要件上，本文發現我國判決曾引用美國著作權法之實用性原則之內涵，同時研究後認為在美國Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.案後，統一適用步驟與標準，解決以往美國實務與學說所產生之矛盾與爭議，建議我國可以修法引進實用性原則，便於實務操作、判斷。 在著作空間轉換議題，主要爭議是來自於立法沿革，目前實務、主管機關與學說見解共識在於著作於平面轉立體時，並非一概屬於實施行為，而不受著作權規範。實務、主管機關表示需視「立體物實際展現之內容」判斷為重製、改作、或實施，對此學說有不同意見，主要爭議在於考量因素與實施意義認定之差異，本文研究後提出著作空間轉換模型，以利實務判斷，並認為立體轉為平面亦可以同理判斷。 最後，在3D列印之CAD檔案與列印成品可著作性上，本文認為最主要的問題除了實用性原則外，尚包括原創性部分，原創性之判斷會受到不同創作方式影響，但仍有受到著作權保護之可能。在實用性原則部分，Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.案最高法院所提出標準相較以往更為寬鬆，本文認為若採取此見解，將會更容易取得著作權保護，對於3D列印創作人較為有利。 / 3D printing can be traced back to the 18th century at the earliest time. After The Economist Journal said 3D printing is one of important breakthroughs leading to the factory of the future and digital manufacturing, amount to the third industrial revolution in 2012, countries and industries around the world paid more attention on it. Until now, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) published new WIPO report in 2015 and shows three frontier technologies that hold the potential to boost future economic growth are 3D printing, nanotechnology and robotics. In Gartner’s 2017 annual predictions about the future of 3D printing, Gartner also said that 3D printing is still one of the most important technologies. This thesis finds that 3D printing has the characteristics of flexible design, diversified materials, production in one-step and products without cost penalties in manufacturing, and so on. As the technology and equipment gradually mature and price decreases, the industry has applied 3D printing to various stages of producing- design, manufacturing, distribution, and after-sale service. According to the studies that many companies also have a positive attitude towards 3D printing. For the above reasons, this thesis therefore discusses 3D printing technology, and focuses on the copyright issues of it. This thesis discovers that there are two questions worthy of attention in 3D printing. First of all, because there are many materials used for 3D printing to produce a variety of printed products, including the design of useful articles, which are both artistic and utilitarian products. It will call into questions whether the design of useful articles is copyrightable or not, and if the answer is yes, what is the protection scope? Second, there are two stages in the process of 3D printing- executing Computer-Aided design file (CAD file) stage and printing stage involved in space conversion (2D-3D, 3D-2D) question. This thesis focuses on the above two questions, and refers to the scholars’ and the courts’ opinions of U.S. and R.O.C copyright law to propose some advice and opinions. For the first question, this thesis conclusion is that the design of useful articles is protectable in R.O.C copyright law, which might be pictorial and graphical works or artistic works. Besides, it is not reasonable to add two elements of applied arts- craftsman and only one production. After the Supreme Court held in Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc. that it proposed unified and appropriate test for implementing the useful article doctrine, the useful article doctrine becomes easier to apply. Therefore it might be a good solution to decide whether the design of useful articles is copyrightable or not, and if the answer is yes, what is the protection scope? For the second question, it happened because of amendment of R.O.C copyright law, and this thesis proposes a model to assist judgment. Last but not least, this thesis shows that the most two important elements determine whether the design of useful articles is copyrightable or not are originality and the useful article doctrine. According the opinions about Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, the unified test for implementing the useful article doctrine becomes easily accessible and will beneficial for creators to be protected by U.S. copyright law.

This study is a critical analysis of translation-mediated Arabic news items on the “Arab Spring”. It explores the influence of social, historical, political, localic, and socio-ideological aspects of news translation via certain media agendas, by applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and qualitative descriptive methods in the analysis of the localised news items, interviews with translators, and a corpus of comments by the Arabic-speaking readership. The data analysed in this case study comprise a four-year (2010-2014) collection of news items that were localised by Al Jazeera and published on its website, as well as readers’ commentaries on said localisations, and interviews with two of Al Jazeera’s translators. Making use of this rich source of data, this study aims at finding answers for the questions: Are there discernible patterns in the translated texts? If so, how and for what purpose are they produced and re-produced through localisation in Al Jazeera’s translation-mediated Arabic news articles? Whose interests are served and whose interests are annulled by the reproduction and localisation processes? The three sets of data were thematically coded; then their most salient points and arguments were analysed. The localised news items were examined for clues to the localisation techniques, ideologies, and the agenda(s) of Al Jazeera. The readers’ comments were probed for the influence that the localised news items had on Al Jazeera’s target readership, and were examined to find out which of Al Jazeera’s ideologies resonate with which readers to form Al Jazeera’s target locale(s). The analysis of the interviews with Al Jazeera’s translators was undertaken with the aim of delineating the tasks of these translators, specifically to see to what extent journalism and translation meld, as suggested in much of the research done so far on translating news items. The tripartite analysis has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in the production of translation-mediated news items as well as their effect on the readership. It also suggests relatively new insights into viewing the term localisation as a good alternative to acculturation in accounting for news translation. Within the umbrella of the social turn in translation studies (TS), this study suggests that current approaches to studying news translation question large-scale concepts such as culture and acculturation, and proposes they be replaced with the small-scale concepts of locale and localisation. Hence, this study suggests using localisation to extract and understand the underlying particulars of the processes involved in producing translation-mediated news items. The results of the analysis show that Al Jazeera ostensibly promulgates three major ideologies: anti-regimism, Islamistism, and pan-Arabism and embeds these ideologies in the messages it delivers to its target locales through the localised news items. The study concludes that Al Jazeera’s localisation techniques reflect the viewpoints of its benefactor the State of Qatar whose goal is to create a solipsistic identity that distinguishes it from its immediate rivalling neighbours within a dichotomy of the Same and the Other. These localisation techniques are driven by motives associated with the sociopolitical and sociohistorical circumstances of the founding of the State of Qatar and Al Jazeera.

This master dissertation is dedicated to the main characteristics and to the process of establishment of Private Limited Company in the Czech Republic and Germany and to the comparison of these two national legal forms. The goal of this work is to compare Czech and German Ltd. in a very clear way, so the reader can understand what the differences of this type of company in the national legal forms mentioned above are and what have on the contrary in common. The work deals also with the Czech and German Ltd. in separated chapters in order to be the comparison for the reader comprehensible. In the end of the master dissertation is expressed the author's opinion, which national legal form of this type of company is better and in what way.