Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-165).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-188).

Depuis des siècles, l’éducation ne cesse d’évoluer selon le temps et l’espace. Par l’éducation, toute communauté ou société transmet aux enfants ses acquis et ses projets de sorte qu’elle assure sa survie et son développement.Cette étude est une investigation sur l’implication des Associations de Parents d’Élèves (APE) sur la définition de la politique éducative au Sénégal. Autrefois tenus à l’écart, les parents sont aujourd’hui des partenaires incontournables dans la réflexion sur le développement de l’Éducation au Sénégal.Trois objectifs sont au centre de cette réflexion :- Pourquoi une collaboration entre école et famille est-elle nécessaire ?- montrer l’évolution de la place et du rôle des APE au Sénégal,- identifier quelques méthodes et théories qui peuvent faciliter la collaboration institution scolaire, communauté et famille.Une redistribution des responsabilités, mais aussi du pouvoir, entre l’État et les acteurs locaux dans les gestions éducatives, semble être l’une des solutions dans la mise en oeuvre d’un programme de développement de l’Éducation. / For centuries education has constantly evoluted according to time and space. Through education any community or any society can hand down its acquired knowledge and its projects to children so that its survival and its development are assured.This study is an investigation into the involvement of the Pupils’ Parents’ Association (PPA) in the definition of educational policy in Senegal. In former times, parents were kept out but nowadays they have become key partnerships in the reflexion on the development of Education in Senegal.Three purposes are in the centre of this reflexion in order to show:- why it is a necessity to have a collaboration between school and family,- the evolution of the place and the part played by the Pupils’ Parents’ Associations in Senegal.- the identification of some methods and theories which can make the collaboration between school, community and family easier.A reallocation not only of responsibilities but also of power between State and Local actors in educational management seems to be one of the solutions in the implementation of a programme in the development of Education.

Statistical association tests of quantitative traits have been widely used in the past decade, to locate loci associated with a disease trait. For instance, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have led to tremendous success in finding susceptible genes or associated loci. However, most of the past studies were based on unrelated samples focusing on quantitative or qualitative traits. The analysis of polychotomous traits in family samples is very challenging. This dissertation describes three projects related to methods to conduct association tests beyond continuous traits, such as multinomial traits, bivariate traits, and tests involving haplotypes. The first project focuses on developing a statistical approach to test the association between common or low-frequency variants with a multinomial trait in family samples. It is an important issue because there is no computer efficient software available for this type of question. We employ Laplace approximation in conjunction with an efficient grid-search strategy to obtain an approximate maximum log-likelihood function and the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of the variance component. We also successfully incorporate the kinship matrix to adjust for the familial correlation, based on a regression framework. Extensive simulation studies are performed to evaluate the type-I error rate and power in scenarios with causal variant with different Minor Allele Frequency (MAF). In the second project, we propose an approach to test the association between a genetic variant and a bivariate trait arising from a combination of a quantitative and a binary trait in family samples, based on Extended Generalized Estimating Equations (EGEE). Multiple phenotype-genotype association tests are often reduced to univariate tests, decreasing efficiency and power. Our approach is shown to be much more powerful and efficient than univariate association tests adjusted for multiple testing. The third project involves the development of a general framework for meta-analysis of haplotype association tests, applicable to both unrelated and family samples. Although meta-analysis has been widely used in single-variant and gene-based tests, there are few existing methods to meta-analyze haplotype association tests. A predominant advantage of our novel approach is that it accommodates cohort-specific haplotypes as well as haplotypes common to all cohorts. The cohort participants may be either related or unrelated. Our approach consists of two stages: in the first stage, each cohort performs a haplotype association test, reports the estimates of effect size, variance, haplotypes, and their frequency. In the second stage, a generalized least square method is applied to combine the results of all the cohorts into one vector of meta-analysis coefficients. Our approach is shown to have the correct type-I error rate in scenarios with different between and within cohort variation. We also present an application to exome-chip data from a large consortium. Through the three projects, we are able to tackle the problem of conducting association tests for non-continuous traits in family samples. All the approaches achieve the correct type-I error rate and are computationally efficient. We hope these approaches will not only facilitate analyses of categorical traits in family samples, but will also provide a basis for future methodological development of statistical approaches for non-continuous traits.

La recherche s’intéresse à la place de l'islam en France et les problèmes qu'il soulevè dans une société sécularisée, principalement la problématique de la gestion du culte musulman: L’organisation du culte musulman en France s’est développée en lien avec une actualité nationale et internationale. La recherche essayera de mettre en lumière le rôle des différentes acteurs qui participent à cette gestion et le sens qu'ils donnent à leurs actions: Gouvernement, collectivités locales,associations cultuels, pays d'émigrations musulmanes,organisations etc. Le sujet est à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines : sociologie politique, sociologie religieuse, sociologie de l’immigration, administration territoriale, droit, théologie etc. / “The Muslim issue” stands in the very centre of the public debate in France. Studies andexpert reports are more and more numerous as a response to the academic interest and politicaldemand.It is to be noted that this issue is often studiedin relation to a given social or political reality,namely the surroundings areas of the Islamic creed, the status of women within the Muslim Faith,secularism and Muslim Faith and the issue of religious freedom, religious extremism, how to be aMuslim in France…Few research works however have considered the managing issue of theMuslim Faith in France.Scanning the still ongoing secularisation process of the Muslim creed inFrance , our research work deals with and draws a distinction on two closely linked different trendsconcerning how the Muslim Faith is organised :a mobilisation “from the higher levels of theMuslim society” backed by political and security considerations in combination with a “lowerlevels” originated mobilisation of the Muslim leadership to respondto the needs for religious dutiesand the necessary cultural transmission towards the newer generations. The interactions at playwithin the Muslim cult places and the officials organising the Muslim creed in France , thecontestfor the leadership of the Muslim standing ,the patterns of organizing and gathering funds forthe mosques, the meaning given to their dealings by the Muslim leaders , those are the manyquestions purporting to our attempt at decoding the situation. Thus the gist of our study focusesupon some topical issues concerning namely§ Muslim ranking officials and the different faces of the imam profession in France.§ the managing of the mosques and Muslim cultural associations as they are a meeting pointof the Muslims’ interests and the active political players’.§ finally the part played by the French State and the states subject to Muslim immigration inthis managing.The research spectrum is widespread and deals with several incidental issues, each of thesecould valuably lead to separate studies. We are facing a vast project which implies the engagementof several human and financial resources as well as the involvement of several research units for along duration.We are deeply aware that our study is an attempt to give a general view of the managingorganisation as regards the Muslim cult in France and the trends that are at play at the beginning ofthe 21st century.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T20:14:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:32:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / This study discusses the mediations and distinctions between association and teacher union, from the unionism phase to the formation of the teacher unions APEOC and SINDIUTE, in Ceará. In the early phase of unionism in the late 1970s, besides the appearance of union leaders, there was the presence of associative model in public school teachers’ movement in Ceará, in APEOC, an organization founded in the 1960s, a period that demarcated the effervescence of associations in secondary school teaching. By the end of the 1980s, with the decline of that model, in the midst of the conformation of the teacher union, two union tendencies set up, which soon after would dispute the leadership in the movement. After the 1988 Carta Magna, with the concession of the right the employees in the civil service have to self-organization, two unions were founded aiming to represent the same category: teachers and civil servants from state and municipal schools in Ceará, and they would have a political and legal dispute for space in the union movement. APEOC/Union, a substitute of the Association, defended the tendency on a propositional unionism. SINDIUTE, in turn, was founded under the speech which proclaimed the defense of a militant unionism. In the face of their singularities, in relation to the national scenario, this research’s main aim is to examine the mediations and distinctions between association and unionism, in the process of foundation of APEOC and SINDIUTE teacher unions. Until then, the association’s role, in the unionism phase, constituted a branch rarely addressed to the literature of the area. Besides, there were a few studies about the associative phase in Ceará. Thus, this study has the following specific aims: to analyze the quantitative aspects of the academic production about association and teacher unionism, as well as the approaches present in the area; to investigate traces of the teacher associative stage and the context of expansion of secondary education in Ceará, and also the educational reforms in the 1970s; to reflect on the formation of the union trends from the unionism to the foundation phase of APEOC and SINDIUTE teacher unions. The field research was one of the supports documentary research, since this allowed a rapprochement with the research object, through sources collected over the period investigated. Our analysis focused on the period between 1962 and 1992. The first one is justified by the fact that it represents the moment of emergence of secondary teachers’ associative movement, during the phase of expansion of secondary education, period when APEOC was founded, the year 1992, on the other hand, marks the foundation of SINDIUTE. During the data collection we interviewed 10 teachers who participated in the movement’s leadership, and 4 teachers who worked in secondary school in the 1960s. The survey also included data collection from public libraries located in the city of Fortaleza. The data analysis showed the importance of educational reforms, including the Reform of 1st and 2nd grades, and leftist movements, during the teacher association’s stage in Ceará. Despite the decline of associative model in teaching movement in the 1980s, its legacy influenced the unionism phase, not only in the configuration of union trends, but also in consolidating APEOC/Union, as one of the major organizations in the state of Ceará. / O presente estudo discute as mediações e distinções entre associativismo e sindicalismo docente, da fase de sindicalização à fundação dos sindicatos APEOC e SINDIUTE, no Ceará. No início da fase do sindicalismo, no final dos anos 1970, além do surgimento de lideranças sindicais, houve a presença, no movimento dos professores públicos cearenses, do modelo associativo, na APEOC, entidade fundada na década de 1960, período que demarcou a efervescência do associativismo no magistério secundarista. Nos idos dos anos 1980, com o declínio deste modelo, no bojo da conformação do sindicalismo docente, se configurou a presença de duas tendências sindicais, que passariam a disputar a liderança do movimento. Após a Carta Magna de 1988, com a concessão do direito à sindicalização ao funcionalismo público, houve a fundação de dois sindicatos, voltados a representar a mesma categoria: professores e servidores dos colégios estaduais e municipais cearenses e, que fariam uma disputa político-judicial, pelo espaço do movimento sindical. A APEOC/Sindicato, sucedânea da Associação, defendia no campo sindical a tendência do sindicalismo propositivo. O SINDIUTE, por sua vez, foi fundado sob a égide do discurso que apregoava a defesa do sindicalismo combativo. Diante de suas singularidades, em relação ao cenário nacional, o estudo delimitou como objetivo central, examinar as mediações e distinções entre associativismo e sindicalismo, no processo de fundação dos sindicatos APEOC e SINDIUTE. O papel do associativismo, na fase de sindicalização, constituía uma dimensão, até então, pouco abordada pela literatura na área. Além disso, havia carência de trabalhos sobre a fase associativa no Ceará. Desta forma, a pesquisa teve como objetivos específicos: analisar os aspectos quantitativos da produção acadêmica sobre associativismo e sindicalismo docente, bem como os enfoques presentes na área; investigar traços da fase associativa docente no Ceará, no contexto de expansão do ensino secundário cearense e das reformas educacionais nos anos 1970; refletir sobre a formação das tendências sindicais da fase de sindicalização à fundação dos sindicatos APEOC e SINDIUTE. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo bibliográfico/documental e de campo. A pesquisa de campo teve como um dos suportes a pesquisa documental, uma vez que esta possibilitou uma aproximação com o objeto de pesquisa, por intermédio das fontes coletadas sobre o período investigado. O corte temporal compreendeu o período entre, 1962 e 1992. O primeiro justifica-se em virtude de representar o momento de emergência do movimento associativo dos professores secundaristas, na fase de expansão do ensino secundário, período de surgimento da APEOC, sendo o ano de 1992 o marco da fundação do SINDIUTE. Na coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 professores que participaram da liderança do movimento, e 04 professores que atuaram no ensino secundário na década de 1960. A pesquisa também contou com levantamento de dados nas bibliotecas públicas, localizadas na cidade de Fortaleza. A análise dos dados mostrou a importância das reformas educacionais, incluindo a Reforma de 1o e 2o Graus, e dos movimentos de esquerda, na fase do associativismo docente no Ceará. Apesar do declínio do modelo associativo no movimento docente nos anos 1980, seu legado teve impacto na fase de sindicalização, não somente na configuração das tendências sindicais, mas também na consolidação da APEOC/Sindicato, como uma das principais entidades do Estado do Ceará.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette recherche doctorale constitue un essai de systématisation de l'analyse de la communauté ivoirienne en Hexagone afin de comprendre d’une part, les logiques agissantes dans la structuration de celle-ci à travers le fait associatif et d’autre part, rendre intelligible le processus de diasporisation auquel elle est confrontée. Pour le dire autrement, il s’agit d’interroger la dynamique diasporique au prisme du mouvement associatif ivoirien en Île-de-France afin de déceler les logiques sur lesquelles repose la fragmentation de ce champ associatif. Les analyses ont été menées sur la base d’une combinaison des approches quantitatives et qualitatives. De cette démarche, il ressort que la fragmentation du champ associatif et l’émergence d’un inconscient diasporique dans la communauté ivoirienne en Île-de-France relève d’un même processus de construction identitaire dont l’enjeu repose sur une quête d’une visibilité aussi bien dans le milieu d’installation que dans celui d’origine. / This PhD research is an essay about systemization of the analysis of the Ivorian community in France, in order to understand, first the active logic inside structure within associative actions, and second, to make intelligible the diaspora process which the community faces.This means to question the diaspora dynamism at the heart of the Ivorian associative movement in Paris area in order to detect the logic upon which the breaking up of such an associative field lies. Studies have been led on a principle, which is the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. According to the research, the fragmentation of the associative field and the emergence of diaspora unawareness among the Ivorian community in the Paris area belong the same process, which is the establishment of an identity whose stakes lie upon a quest of visibility at the same time, at the center of the settings and at the source.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of long term imprisonment on inmates. Our prime interest have ben to identify if eventual effects are considered positive or negative or even a combination of the two. To answer these questions we conducted observations of convicts in a high security prison in Sweden. The collected data were followed by interviews with individuals who have spent considerable time behind bars. We discovered several different behavioral effects whilst conducting our study. Most of them indicated negatively by alienating and suppressing the individual's development, distancing them further away from the community. Inmates tend to alter their behavior substantially when being locked up for longer periods of time in small places with other criminals. Hence their identities change to fit into the environment. Some individuals develop communicational skills to adapt and manage their lifestyle in prison. In general, incarcerated individuals develop special social skills that are crucially needed in prison environment but tend to be redundant in the social community. Key words - differential association, social bonds, communication, identity / Sammanfattning Vi genomförde denna studie i syfte att utreda vilka tänkbara effekter ett långt fängelsestraff skulle kunna ha på den enskilda individen. En aktuell fråga för oss har därför varit huruvida fängelsestraffet genererar positiva eller negativa effekter på den enskilde eller möjligen en kombination av båda. För att undersöka detta har vi genomfört intervjuer och en observation av intagna på en säkerhetsanstalt i Sverige. Vi lyckades utifrån vårt studiematerial identifiera främst negativa effekter vilka indikerade på att individen distanserar sig allt längre ifrån samhället. Klienterna uppvisade bland annat beteenden och identitetsförändringar som riktade sig bort ifrån det rådande samhällets normer. Detta förväntades bero på att de intagna anpassat sig till livet i fängelset och på så sätt ersatt sina sociala färdigheter till den aktuella miljön. Vissa klienter har utvecklat nya sätt att kommunicera på genom den interaktionen som skett med andra intagna. Den kommunikationen symboliserades främst av ett känslolöst och tufft språkbruk vilket krävs för att klara sig på anstalten. Slutsatsen som vi kunnat ta utifrån vår studie är att det förekommer negativa effekter av ett långt frihetsberövande. Däremot konstaterade vi att det behövs mer forskning inom området för att dra konkreta slutsatser. Nyckelord - differentiell association, sociala band, kommunikation, identitet

Créée en 1992 sur 45000m2 d’une ancienne manufacture des tabacs dans un quartier populaire près de la gare Saint-Charles à Marseille, la Friche la Belle de Mai est un lieu de création, de production, et de diffusion artistique interdisciplinaire. Parmi les principales structures de la Friche figurent des compagnies de théâtre, une station de radio, un restaurant, des galeries, ainsi que de nombreuses associations d'art visuel et de musique. Dans ce travail, nous nous posons la question suivante : quel est le rapport entre la nature indéterminée des espaces industriels de la Friche la Belle de Mai et le développement du site, appréhendé à travers trois associations d’art visuel ? En commençant par retracer l’histoire de l’industrie des tabacs à Marseille et en France, nous détaillons la transformation du site au travers de ces trois associations présentes à la Friche depuis une quinzaine d'années. Nous montrons comment la flexibilité des espaces et la souplesse des politiques organisationnelles du site permettent à ces associations de s’y établir et d’y engendrer un dynamisme créatif spécifique. Nous exposons ensuite la façon dont la Friche se « normalise » en se pérennisant, et les conséquences de cette évolution pour les arts visuels. Enfin, nous évoquons le développement récent du site - dont celui lié à Marseille-Provence 2013 : Capitale Européenne de la Culture, et nous comparons la Friche à un autre site industriel reconverti, le Tramway à Glasgow. En nous appuyant sur cette analyse, nous évoquons des perspectives qui pourraient permettre d’atteindre un équilibre entre un contexte plus normatif et la flexibilité offerte par les espaces indéterminés. / Created in 1992 on 45,000 m2 of a former tobacco factory in a working-class district near the Saint-Charles Train Station in Marseille, la Friche la Belle de Mai is a place of interdisciplinary artistic creation, production, and diffusion. The site’s main structures include theatre companies, a radio station, a restaurant, a contemporary art gallery, as well as numerous visual arts associations. In this work, we ask the following question: What is the relationship between the indeterminate spaces of la Friche la Belle de Mai and the development of the site, perceived through three visual arts associations? Starting by retracing the history of the tobacco industry in France and Marseille, we examine the transformation of the site through three associations present at la Friche for over fifteen years. We show how the flexibility of the spaces and the adaptability of the organizational policies of the site allow these associations to establish themselves and create a site-specific dynamic. We then describe the way in which la Friche is “normalized” as it becomes permanent, and the consequences of that evolution for the visual arts. Finally, we evoke the site’s recent development including that linked to Marseille-Provence 2013: European Capital of Culture, and we compare it to another converted industrial site – Tramway in Glasgow. Based on this analysis, we evoke perspectives that would allow achieving a balance between a more normative context and the flexibility offered by indeterminate spaces.