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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosineide de melo.pdf: 12448460 bytes, checksum: 67b9f6c201ddb786a9cbb66a6eb7e435 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis presents the results o four study about reports of teachers' meetings at Escola Estadual Peixoto Gomide de Itapetininga, during 1917-1974. "Peixoto Gomide" was the second Normal School to be installed in São Paulo, becoming an importante reference in the qualification of teachers in our country. The core o four study concentrate on the discourses of teachers registered in the reports, that, is, in the discourses produced out the classrooms, in the interactions established among peers and superiors. We understand that the differential of this research to the academic community resides in the fact that we focus on the discourses that appeared in the activity of work of the teacher - Congregation, Counseling, Department, or School Cooperation Organ meetings - that is not the teaching practice in the classroom, which is always dealt with researchers of various areas. Se, that is the connection of this research with the area of "Language and Work" at LAEL, corresponding to the multiple natures of Applied Linguistics and the linking with other areas of sciences. To support the analysis, we developed studies about the architecture of the reports, reflections on the philosophical and sociological concepts of work, studies. on the circumstances of teacher's work in Brazil: legislation, organization of schools and organization of the profession. We built our theoretical-methodological support, mobilizing the notions of discourse, utterance, discourse genre, and discourse of the others from M. Bakhtin and his circle articulated with the discursive syntactics inspired in the study of. E. Benveniste, J. Cervoni, J.Authier-Revuz and R. Barthes. This theoretical-methodological set of concepts, connected with the History of Brazil, and, consequently, to the periods of diverse educational politics and to the immediate contexts, has permitted us to produce analysis turned to the dialogic perspective of the language. It was possible to see that: a) the report, discursively, is the registration of what can be written in and about one given enunciative situation, that is, It is the registration of what is permitted and not about what really happens in a meeting; b) the report contains a dialog whit the past (memory) and with the discursive future (registrations for posterity); c) the teacher discourse, reflected and refracted in the reports, presents as a resistance discourse, as a discourse of a political, ideological and social subject, responsible and respondable to this work / Esta tese apresenta os resultados de nosso estudo acerca das atas de reuniões dos professores da Escola Estadual Peixoto Gomide de Itapetininga, período de 1917-1974. A "Peixoto Gomide" foi a segunda Escola Normal a ser instalada em São Paulo, tornando-se uma importante referência da formação de professores em nosso pais. o núcleo do nosso trabalho se concentra nos discursos dos professores registrados nas atas, ou seja, nos discursos construidos nos bastidores das salas de aula, nas interações estabelecidas entre pares e superiores. Entendemos que o diferencial desta pesquisa para a comunidade científicoacadêmica reside no fato de focalizarmos discursos surgidos de uma atividade de trabalho do professor - reunião de Congregação, de Conselho, de Departamento ou de Órgão de Cooperação Escolar - que não é aquela da prática de sala de aula, esta última sempre visada por pesquisadores de várias áreas do conhecimento. Dai justifica-se a filiação desta pesquisa à linha "Linguagem e Trabalho" do LAEL, correspondendo à natureza múltipla da Lingüística Aplicada, e o engajamento dela com as outras áreas das Ciências Humanas. Para subsidiar nossa análise, desenvolvemos estudos sobre a arquitetõnica das atas, reflexões acerca das concepções filosóficas e sociológicas do trabalho, estudos sobre o que circunda o trabalho do professor brasileiro: legislação, funcionamento das escolas e organização da categoria. Construímos nosso arcabouço teórico-metodológico, mobilizando as noções de discurso, enuncíado/enunciação, gênero do discurso e discurso do outro de M. Bakhtin e seu Círculo articuladas à sintaxe-enunciativa inspirada nos estudos de E. Benveniste, J. Cervoni, J. Authier-Revuz e R. Barthes. Esse conjunto teórico- VIl metodológico, engendrado ao contexto mais amplo da História do Brasil e, conseqüentemente, a períodos de vigência de diferentes políticas educacionais e às situações imediatas, permitiu-nos realizar uma análise orientada para e por uma perspectiva dialógica da linguagem. Foi possível constatar que: a) a ata, discursivamente, é o registro daquilo que pode ser escrito de/em uma dada situação enunciativa, ou seja, é o registro do permitido e não do todo acontecido em uma reunião; b) a ata abriga o diálogo com o passado (memória) e com o futuro discursivo (registro para posteridade); c) o discurso do professor, refletido e refratado nas atas, apresenta-se como um discurso de resistência, como discurso de um sujeito - social, político, ideológico - responsável e responsivo com seu trabalho

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Seeking to navigate and explore diasporic identity, as reflected in and by transatlantic narrative spaces, this thesis looks to three very different novels birthed out of the Atlantic context (at different points of the Atlantic triangle and at different moments in history): Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint (1977) by Ama Ata Aidoo, The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (1969) by Paule Marshall and Crossing the River (1993) by Caryl Phillips. Recognising the weight of location – cultural, geographic, temporal – on the literary construction of transatlantic identity, this thesis traces the way in which Aidoo, Marshall and Phillips use fictional texts as tools for grappling with ideas of home and belonging in a world of displacement, fracture and (ex)change. Uncovering the impact of roots, as well as routes (rupta via) on the realisation of identity for the diasporic subject, this study reveals and wrestles with various narrative portrayals of the diasporic condition (a profoundly human condition). Our Sister Killjoy presents identity as inherently imbricated with nationalism and pan-Africanism, whereas The Chosen Place presents identity as tidalectic, caught in the interstices between western and African subjectivities. In Crossing the River on the other hand, diasporic identification is constructed as transnational, fractal and perpetually in-process. This study argues that in the absence of an established sense of terra firma the respective authors actively construct home through narrative, resulting in what Erica L. Johnson has described as terragraphica. In this way, each novel is perceived and explored as a particular terragraphica as well as a fictional lieux de mémoire (to borrow Pierre Nora’s conception of “sites of memory”). Using the memories of transatlantic characters as (broken) windows through which to view history, as well as filters through which the present can be understood (or refracted), are techniques that Aidoo, Marshall and Phillips employ (although, Aidoo’s use of memory is less obvious). Tapping into various sites of memory in the lives of the fictional characters, the novels themselves become mediums of remembering, not as a means of storing facts about the past, but for the ambivalent purpose of understanding the impact of the past on the present. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ’n poging om diasporiese identiteit te karteer en te ondersoek, betrek hierdie verhandeling drie uiteenlopende romans wat in die Atlantiese konteks, naamlik vanuit die verskillende hoeke van die Atlantiese driehoek en verskillende geskiedkundige Atlantiese momente, ontstaan het. Die drie romans sluit in: Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint (1977) deur Ama Ata Aidoo, The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (1969) deur Paule Marshall en Crossing the River (1993) deur Caryl Phillips. Deur die belangrikheid van plek – kultureel, geografies en temporeel – in die literêre konstruksie van transatlantiese identiteit, te beklemtoon, spoor hierdie verhandeling die manier waarop Aidoo, Marshall en Phillips fiktiewe tekste aanwend na om sin te maak van idees oor tuiste en geborgenheid in ’n wêreld van verdringing, skeuring en (ver)wisseling. Deur die impak van die oorsprong op, asook die weg (rupta via) na, die verwesenliking van identiteit vir die diasporiese subjek te toon, onthul en worstel hierdie tesis met verskeie narratiewe uitbeeldings van die diasporiese toestand (’n toestand eie aan die mens). Our Sister Killjoy stel identiteit as inherent vermeng met nasionalisme en pan-Afrikanisme voor, terwyl The Chosen Place identiteit as tidalekties uitbeeld – vasgevang tussen westerse en Afrika-subjektiwiteite. In Crossing the River word diasporiese identifisering egter gekonstrueer as transnasionaal, fraktaal en ewigdurend in ’n proses van ontwikkeling. Hierdie studie voer verder aan dat die onderskeie skrywers tuiste aktief deur narratief konstrueer in die afwesigheid van ’n gevestigde bewustheid van terra firma, of onbekende land of plek. Die gevolg is ’n voortvloeiing van wat deur Erica L. Johnson beskryf word as terragraphica. Vervolgens word elk van die romans gesien en verken as ’n spesifieke terragraphica asook ’n fiktiewe lieux de mémoire, gegrond in Pierre Nora se konsep “sites of memory”. Die benutting van transatlantiese karakters se herhinneringe as (gebreekte) vensters waardeur die geskiedenis bespeur kan word en filters waardeur die hede verstaan (of gerefrakteer) kan word, is die tegnieke wat Aidoo, Marshall en Phillips aanwend – alhoewel Aidoo se gebruik van geheue minder ooglopend is. Deur verskeie terreine van geheue in die lewens van die fiktiewe karakters te betrek, ontwikkel die romans tot mediums van onthou, nie in die sin van feite van die verlede wat gestoor word nie, maar met die dubbelsinnige doel om die impak van die verlede op die hede te verstaan.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Introduction: National community health worker (CHW) programmes are to an increasing extent being implemented in health systems globally, mirrored in South Africa in the ward-based outreach team (WBOT) strategy. In many countries, including South Africa, a major challenge impacting the performance and sustainability of scaled-up CHW programmes is ensuring adequate support from and supervision by the local health system. Supervisory systems, where they exist, are usually corrective and hierarchical in nature, and implementation remains poor. In the South African context, the absence of any guidance on CHW supportive supervision has led to varied practices across the country. Improved approaches to supportive supervision are considered critical for CHW programme performance. However, there is relatively little understanding of how this can be done sustainably at scale, and effective CHW supervisory models remain elusive. Research to date has mostly positioned supervision as a technical process rather than a set of relationships, with the former testing specific interventions rather than developing holistic approaches attuned to local contexts. This doctoral study was exploratory in nature, seeking to generate an in-depth and contextualised understanding of the supervision phenomenon in one specific district in the North West Province (NWP) in South Africa. Using co-production methodology in an iterative approach, the study culminated in the formulation of a supportive supervision framework with CHWs and other frontline actors. Methods: The study was based on a holistic conceptual framework of supportive supervision, which was viewed as comprising three core functions ‒ accountability, development and support ‒ embedded in a complex and multi-level system of resources, people and relationships. To address the study objectives, the research used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Three studies were conducted in a phased process: study 1 comprised a qualitative description of policy and practices in two districts related to the supervision of WBOTs; study 2 identified the main actors and mapped the supervisory system of WBOTs in the district, using social network analysis (SNA); and study 3 involved a qualitative exploration of workplace and interpersonal trust factors in the district and the supervisory system of WBOTs in the district. These three studies provided inputs for a workshop aimed at developing recommendations for a district-level, WBOT supportive supervisory framework. Four published papers reporting on the research conducted are presented in this thesis. It should be noted that the research was conducted during a turbulent political and administrative period in the NWP, when the WBOT programme changed from being a flagship programme for the country to one in crisis. This shifting context needs to be borne in mind when the findings are viewed and interpreted. Results: The study identified weaknesses in both the design and implementation of the supervisory system of WBOTs, with the absence of clear guidance resulting in WBOTs and PHC facilities performing their roles in an ad hoc manner, defined within local contexts. The study documented evidence of high internal cohesion within WBOTs and (where present) with their immediate outreach team leaders (OTLs). However, the relationships between WBOTs and the rest of the primary health care (PHC) and district health system were characterised by considerable mistrust – both towards other workers and the system as a whole. This occurred against a backdrop of increasing OTL vacancies, and the perceived abandonment of WBOT training and development systems and career opportunities. These findings are not dissimilar to those reported previously on the WBOT programme in South Africa and in programmes in other low-resource settings. Nevertheless, through its in-depth, exploratory and participatory approaches, this study provides additional insights into the phenomenon of supportive supervision. Firstly, in conceptualising supportive supervision as a set of ‘bundled’ practices within complex local health systems, the findings reflected the complexity of everyday realities and lived experiences. Secondly, through the embedded nature of the research and the phased data-collection process, the study was able to observe the impact of wider health system contexts and crises on the coalface functioning of the WBOT programme. Thirdly, the study emphasised how supportive supervision depends on healthy relational dynamics and trust relationships, and, finally, how a co-production approach can translate broad guidance, experience and theoretical understanding into meaningful, local practice owned by all the actors involved. Ultimately, the process of engagement, building relationships and forging consensus proved to be more significant than the supportive supervision framework itself. Conclusion: The lack of explicit, coherent and holistic guidance in developing CHW supportive supervision guidance and the failure to address supervision constraints at a local level undermine the performance and sustainability of CHW programmes. Effective supportive supervisory systems require bottom-up collaborative platforms characterised by active participation, sharing of local tacit knowledge and mutual learning. Supervisory systems also need to be designed in ways that promote relationships and generate trust between CHW programmes, other actors and the health system.

<p>Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd bedöms ha tillräckligt pålitliga skyddsprinciper, vilket motiveras av dess oberoende från både hårdvara och operativsystem. </p><p>Vidare undersöks hårdvaruskrivskyddet Image MASSter(TM) Drive Lock från Intelligent Computer Solutions (ICS). Några egentliga slutsatser gick inte dra av kretskonstruktionen, bortsett från att den är uppbyggd kring en FPGA (Xilinx Spartan-II, XC2S15) med tillhörande PROM (XC17S15APC). </p><p>En egenutvecklad idé till autenticieringsmetod för hårddiskkloner föreslås som ett tillägg till arbetet. Principen bygger på att komplettera hårddiskklonen med unik information om hårddisk såväl kloningsomständigheter, vilka sammanflätas genom XOR-operation av komponenternas hashsummor.Autenticieringsmetoden kan vid sjösättning möjligen öka rättsäkerheten för både utredarna och den som står misstänkt vid en brottsutredning. </p><p>Arbetet är till stora delar utfört vid och på uppdrag av Statens kriminaltekniska laboratorium (SKL) i Linköping.</p>

Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd bedöms ha tillräckligt pålitliga skyddsprinciper, vilket motiveras av dess oberoende från både hårdvara och operativsystem. Vidare undersöks hårdvaruskrivskyddet Image MASSter(TM) Drive Lock från Intelligent Computer Solutions (ICS). Några egentliga slutsatser gick inte dra av kretskonstruktionen, bortsett från att den är uppbyggd kring en FPGA (Xilinx Spartan-II, XC2S15) med tillhörande PROM (XC17S15APC). En egenutvecklad idé till autenticieringsmetod för hårddiskkloner föreslås som ett tillägg till arbetet. Principen bygger på att komplettera hårddiskklonen med unik information om hårddisk såväl kloningsomständigheter, vilka sammanflätas genom XOR-operation av komponenternas hashsummor.Autenticieringsmetoden kan vid sjösättning möjligen öka rättsäkerheten för både utredarna och den som står misstänkt vid en brottsutredning. Arbetet är till stora delar utfört vid och på uppdrag av Statens kriminaltekniska laboratorium (SKL) i Linköping.

As alternative fuels are becoming more common, technologies need to adjust to them. Natural gas is one of the alternative fuels that has grown during the latest years in the transport sector. Natural gas consists of around 97 % methane and is the cleanest fossil fuel. The use of natural gas can make it easier to transition to biogas as it has equivalent properties. Today Scania CV AB's trucks fuelled by natural gas are using auxiliary cabin heaters driven by diesel. This means that the natural gas trucks have two fuels on-board the truck. The goal of this project is to find a concept to eliminate the diesel fuel and replace it with an auxiliary cabin heater driven by another energy source. It will improve the heating solution and make it superior from an environmental perspective. The result of the project lead to a short-term solution with an auxiliary heater fuelled by natural gas. A long-term solution is to have a cooperation with a manufacturer to develop a better natural gas auxiliary heater that fulfils more of the requirements in the technical specification. An experiment plan is devised to test parameters out of reach of the project.

This diploma thesis is focused on development and initial run of a measurement system whose aim is to measure photovoltaic panel efficiency. Experimental photovoltaic panel is installed outside the laboratory. Measurement system consists of the solar radiation measurement module (pyranometer), photovoltaic panel load module (panel power measurement) and panel climate measurement module. Data from measurement module is being captured via control computer for subsequent analysis of panel efficiency and climatic impacts on it.

Alors que les stratégies de lutte contre le sida en Afrique sub-saharienne mettent en jeu des compromis politiques nationaux fondamentaux, elles sont souvent formulées de manière hétéronome et dans un contexte marqué par la prédominance des bailleurs occidentaux. À partir de l'étude du cas tanzanien, cette thèse analyse différents aspects proprement politiques de la lutte contre le sida, à travers une double perspective : l'étude de l'élaboration des stratégies nationales de prévention et de traitement du VIH et l'analyse critique de leurs fondements biologiques et épidémiologiques. La recherche se fonde sur une enquête de terrain combinant 92 entretiens approfondis avec les principaux acteurs institutionnels au niveau national, et l'observation des processus décisionnels lors de réunions programmatiques. Cette thèse met ainsi en évidence l'attention politique inégale accordée aux différents récits causaux de la propagation du virus, et le rôle de ces histoires causales dans la formulation des politiques de prévention. Elle donne à voir les stratégies de non-décision ou de " contournement du politique " qu'adoptent les acteurs face aux arbitrages difficiles qu'impose la définition de priorités dans un contexte d'insuffisance des ressources. Enfin, à partir d'une analyse des controverses au sujet des effets de la réponse internationale au VIH/sida sur la cohérence des politiques de santé en Tanzanie, la thèse explore les contradictions d'une lutte verticale contre le sida dans un contexte marqué par un système de soins défaillant et une mauvaise santé générale de la population. Elle examine, sur cette base, les conditions d'élaboration d'une critique émancipatrice.