Contesting international strategies for combatting child labour that derive from modern, Western conceptions of childhood, several developing country organizations have embraced the principle of child protagonism by declaring that working children can become the leading agents in struggles to advance their interests when they are mentored in forming their own independent organizations. This thesis first explores how an African NGO, informed by its urban animation experiences, developed its own specific discourse of child protagonism and employed it as the basis for establishing an African working children’s organization designed to provide compensatory literacy and skills training and to empower members to improve their own and other children’s working conditions. The thesis considers this foundational child protagonism discourse in light of data collected in Senegal by means of participant observation and interviews in grassroots groups and associations of working children, as well as in the offices of both the local NGO and its international NGO donor. Fieldwork revealed limitations of the specific child protagonism practice pursued over the past two decades. Specifically, redirecting resources from direct pedagogical accompaniment of grassroots working child groups towards bureaucratic capacity building for the “autonomization” of higher hierarchical levels of the organization, as well as towards international meetings, has resulted in the organization’s diminished impact for vulnerable groups in Dakar, particularly migrant girl domestic workers. Deepening implication with international donors has forced shifts in the priorities of the local NGO and the working children’s organization it facilitates, yet the two have been largely successful in buffering donor probes precisely into the ground level effectiveness of their child protagonism strategy. No previous independent research has sought to confront the discourse of child protagonism with a comprehensive examination of a working children’s organization’s practice, from its most local processes to its international dimensions and donor relations.

本研究旨在建構國民中學適性輔導評估指標，當前在十二年國民基本教育的推動之中，落實學校的適性輔導工作是重點任務。首先藉由文獻探討適性輔導相關論述為基礎，初擬指標架構，運用專家問卷以及模糊德菲術（fuzzy Delphi method），並以桃園縣政府教育局行政人員、桃園縣國民中學校長、教務主任、輔導主任、輔導與諮商中心專業人員及教師為研究對象，透過問卷蒐集政策利害關係人之意見，共發出10 份專家問卷及16 份正式問卷。根據正式問卷填答結果，計算各層面、項目及指標之三角模糊數（triangular fuzzy number），再將其反模糊化（defuzzification），求得各層面、項目及指標之效用總值，自訂門檻值為0.6，篩選出3層面、17項目及37個指標，並以歸一化之方式確立各層面、項目及指標權重。各層面之權重由高至低依序為課程規劃與教學活動（33.9%）、組織與行政運作（33.6%）以及生涯檔案建置與應用（32.5%）。最後根據此指標架構對教育行政機關、學校及未來研究提出建議。 / The study aims to construct a junior high school adaptive counseling evaluation indicators. The implementation of adaptive counseling in the school becomes the foremost important task when promoted by the current 12-Year Basic Education. The study first applies a literature review to discuss the adaptive counseling related discourses as the foundation, drafting the indicator framework, and using expert questionnaire and fuzzy Delphi method to conduct the questionnaire survey on the administrative personnel of Department of Education, Taoyuan County, junior high school principles, directors of teaching affairs, counseling directors, counseling and experts at the consultation center, thereby to collect the opinions of policy stakeholders through questionnaires. A total of 10 expert questionnaires and 16 official questionnaires were issued. The results of official questionnaire then underwent calculation of triangular fuzzy numbers for the different levels, items and indicators, followed by defuzzification to yield the total valid values of the different levels, items and indicators. The self-developed threshold value is 0.6 with 3 levels, 17 items and 37 indicators selected, which is applied with normalization to validate the different levels, items and indicator weights. The weights of different levels are sorted in descending order, namely course plan and teaching activity (33.9%), organization and administrative operation (33.6%) and the career file establishment and application (32.5%). Finally, the study proposes suggestions for educational administrative agencies, schools and future researchers based on this indicator framework.

Section 29(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 states that everyone has the right to basic education. ―Everyone‖ includes disabled learners. The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent the state complies with its constitutional and international obligations to realise disabled learners‘ right to basic education. To reach the purpose firstly it has to be ascertained which legislation apply to disabled learners (whether direct or indirect) and how this legislation define disability (Chapter 2). Secondly the relevant constitutional sections have to be investigated. Sections 9, 28, 29 and 36 of the Constitution will be examined in particular. The purpose of the investigation of the constitutional sections is to determine what basic education entails and if there is a uniform definition thereof. Paired with the right to education, the meaning of inclusive education has to be determined and to what extent the state realises this (Chapter 3). A further purpose with the investigation of the constitutional provisions is to determine whether there is an infringement of disabled learners‘ right to equality and whether the possible infringements of the right to education and equality can be justified by the state (Chapter 4). Thirdly, the state‘s international obligations with regard to disabled learners‘ right to education and equality has to be investigated (Chapter 5) before reaching a conclusion as to what extent the state complies with its constitutional and international obligations to realize disabled children‘s right to basic education (Chapter 6). Disabled children‘s need for basic education has led to the research question. quality, process quality, manufacturing process flow, principles of quality, factor analysis, multiple regression. / Thesis (LLM)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Section 29(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 states that everyone has the right to basic education. ―Everyone‖ includes disabled learners. The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent the state complies with its constitutional and international obligations to realise disabled learners‘ right to basic education. To reach the purpose firstly it has to be ascertained which legislation apply to disabled learners (whether direct or indirect) and how this legislation define disability (Chapter 2). Secondly the relevant constitutional sections have to be investigated. Sections 9, 28, 29 and 36 of the Constitution will be examined in particular. The purpose of the investigation of the constitutional sections is to determine what basic education entails and if there is a uniform definition thereof. Paired with the right to education, the meaning of inclusive education has to be determined and to what extent the state realises this (Chapter 3). A further purpose with the investigation of the constitutional provisions is to determine whether there is an infringement of disabled learners‘ right to equality and whether the possible infringements of the right to education and equality can be justified by the state (Chapter 4). Thirdly, the state‘s international obligations with regard to disabled learners‘ right to education and equality has to be investigated (Chapter 5) before reaching a conclusion as to what extent the state complies with its constitutional and international obligations to realize disabled children‘s right to basic education (Chapter 6). Disabled children‘s need for basic education has led to the research question. quality, process quality, manufacturing process flow, principles of quality, factor analysis, multiple regression. / Thesis (LLM)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Contesting international strategies for combatting child labour that derive from modern, Western conceptions of childhood, several developing country organizations have embraced the principle of child protagonism by declaring that working children can become the leading agents in struggles to advance their interests when they are mentored in forming their own independent organizations. This thesis first explores how an African NGO, informed by its urban animation experiences, developed its own specific discourse of child protagonism and employed it as the basis for establishing an African working children’s organization designed to provide compensatory literacy and skills training and to empower members to improve their own and other children’s working conditions. The thesis considers this foundational child protagonism discourse in light of data collected in Senegal by means of participant observation and interviews in grassroots groups and associations of working children, as well as in the offices of both the local NGO and its international NGO donor. Fieldwork revealed limitations of the specific child protagonism practice pursued over the past two decades. Specifically, redirecting resources from direct pedagogical accompaniment of grassroots working child groups towards bureaucratic capacity building for the “autonomization” of higher hierarchical levels of the organization, as well as towards international meetings, has resulted in the organization’s diminished impact for vulnerable groups in Dakar, particularly migrant girl domestic workers. Deepening implication with international donors has forced shifts in the priorities of the local NGO and the working children’s organization it facilitates, yet the two have been largely successful in buffering donor probes precisely into the ground level effectiveness of their child protagonism strategy. No previous independent research has sought to confront the discourse of child protagonism with a comprehensive examination of a working children’s organization’s practice, from its most local processes to its international dimensions and donor relations.

Esta pesquisa buscou averiguar as potencialidades das tecnologias, em especial as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), no processo de aprendizagem matemática de alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Levando em conta a imersão na cultura digital que a atual sociedade vivencia, o pesquisador se dedicou a estudar, investigar, observar e evidenciar as possíveis contribuições para o processo de aprendizagem de tarefas exploratórias investigativas de matemática permeadas pelas TICs, no âmbito da Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O estudo possui caráter qualitativo, interpretativo e participativo com traços que se aproxima da pesquisa-ação. Participaram como sujeitos da pesquisa vinte e cinco alunos de três turmas (sexto, sétimo e nono anos) do Ensino Fundamental do Proeja (Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos). As ações e reflexões foram norteadas pela seguinte questão: Que contribuições pedagógicas as propostas de prática de ensino com recursos tecnológicos podem oferecer para o ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática para alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos? Ao observar os benefícios e as dificuldades do uso da tecnologia na EJA, respeitando as necessidades e as características dessa modalidade de ensino, objetivou-se: investigar as potencialidades da tecnologia educacional no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática no âmbito da EJA; avaliar os benefícios no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática de tarefas exploratórias investigativas; oferecer a comunidade matemática propostas de ensino avaliando a possibilidade de desenvolver o pensamento matemático crítico dos alunos da EJA. A fim de alcançar os objetivos desse estudo, delineou-se duas propostas de ensino, uma abordando os conteúdos de Área e Perímetro, que utilizou como recurso pedagógico somente as TICs, e a outra proposta de ensino abarcou os conteúdos de Simetria e Ângulo, conciliando as TICs e o Espelho Plano, assumindo como hipótese que essa integração de artefatos tecnológicos podem contribuir para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Na pesquisa de campo, recorreu-se às seguintes estratégias para produção dos dados: questionários, áudio e vídeo gravações, entrevistas semiestruturadas, registros das propostas de ensino desenvolvidas e notas de campo do professor pesquisador. Fundamentou-se teoricamente em autores que realizaram pesquisas sobre os temas relacionados. A análise deste estudo teve um caráter interpretativo advindo das informações que emergiram das informações coletadas na pesquisa, que apresentavam elementos que contribuíam e apresentavam evidencias para responder à questão de investigação. Três categorias de análise foram identificadas: 1) Aspectos Afetivos dos alunos da EJA; 2) Conhecimentos matemáticos e tecnológicos emergentes e 3) Reflexos da Tecnologia, sendo que a segunda categoria foi dividida em duas subcategorias: a) Conhecimentos emergentes dos alunos e b) Conhecimentos emergentes do professor pesquisador. Os resultados indicaram a contribuição do uso das tecnologias, em especial as TICs, no favorecimento do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática quando se propõe tarefas exploratórias investigativas em turmas da EJA. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua na formação inicial e continuada de professores de Matemática e com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos da EJA. / This research aimed to investigate the technology potential, especially regarding the learning process of Mathematics. We focused on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and on the students at the Adult Basic Education (ABE). Taking into account the digital culture immersion the society is nowadays, the research aimed to study, to investigate and to observe the contributions the ICTs may present to the learning process of exploratory and investigative Mathematics' tasks for students at the ABE. This is a qualitative, hermeneutic and collaborative study, and it presents some similarities to action research. The study involved twenty-five students from three different Elementary School classes (6th, 7th and 9th grades) from a government program called Proeja (National Integration Program of the Vocational Education into the Basic Education at the Adult Basic Education). The actions and reflections were guided by the following question: Which pedagogical contributions the teaching proposal using technological resources may offer to the Mathematics' teaching and learning process of students at the ABE? As observing the possible benefits and challenges of using technology resources at the ABE classes, regarding the needs and specific characteristics of this kind of teaching, it was aimed to investigate the potentials of educational technology for the Mathematics' teaching and learning process at the ABE; to evaluate the benefits it may bring to the teaching and learning process of exploratory and investigative Mathematics' tasks; to offer the Mathematical community teaching techniques that evaluate the possibility of developing critical mathematical thinking on the ABE students. To achieve the goal of this study, it was designed two teaching proposals. One of the proposals focus the contents Area and Perimeter and it used only the ICTs as pedagogical resources. The other one approached the contents Symmetry and Angle and it used the ICTs and the Plane Mirror. The hypothesis assumed was that the integration between these technological artefacts could contribute to the teaching and learning process. During the field research, we used the following strategies to produce data: questionnaires, audio and video recording, semi-structured interviews, records of the teaching proposals developed, and field notes taken by the teacher researcher. The theoretical basis came from authors that performed research about the related themes. The study analysis had a hermeneutic nature. This characteristic originated by the information that emerged from the data collected during the research, but only the data that presented elements to add evidence that could answer the investigation's question. Three analysis categories were identified: 1) Feelings aspects of ABE students; 2) Emerging Mathematics and Technological Knowledge and 3) Reflex of the Technology. The second category had two subsections: a) Students' Emerging Knowledge and b) Teacher Researcher's Emerging Knowledge. The results indicated that the use of technology, especially the ICTs, helped the teaching and learning process of Mathematics when presenting exploratory and investigative tasks to the ABE classes. It is expected that this research may contribute to Mathematics teacher's education and to the teaching and learning process of ABE students. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

The diploma thesis Cross-curricular Links Matching Proposed Curriculum for Lower Primary School deals with an issue of cross-curricular links and their usage in Maths teaching. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides an analysis of issues of cross-curricular links and curriculum integration, it introduces The Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education, characterises a curriculum of Maths and its application and other areas of education with which a link within the practical part was implemented. It also summarises important features of a Middle Primary School child and it surveys a quality of cross-curricular links usage in contemporary textbooks of Maths. The practical part contains a set of exercises that combine curricula of two areas to apply the cross-curricular links which are intended for practical usage in teaching at Lower Primary School, and evaluating part that describes and evaluates a practical course of implementation.

Submitted by Flavia Varriol de Freitas Lobo Esteves (flaviavarriol@gmail.com) on 2015-12-09T16:13:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Finalizada.pdf: 1090967 bytes, checksum: f741f4d034f51f3f2fe1be2dc31c9a9e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-12-15T13:04:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Finalizada.pdf: 1090967 bytes, checksum: f741f4d034f51f3f2fe1be2dc31c9a9e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-12-21T14:49:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Finalizada.pdf: 1090967 bytes, checksum: f741f4d034f51f3f2fe1be2dc31c9a9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-21T14:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Finalizada.pdf: 1090967 bytes, checksum: f741f4d034f51f3f2fe1be2dc31c9a9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / In 'An analytical evaluation of the results of Prova Brasil' we investigate the reflection of the results of Prova Brasil in the way the education management make decisions in pursuit of improving the performance of students in public school. We focus on the national evaluation system of basic education in order to verify positive and negative aspects and how the diagnosis of the quality of the teaching and learning can influence the assurance of quality pattern in education / Em Uma avaliação analítica dos resultados da Prova Brasil, investigamos o reflexo dos resultados da Prova Brasil na tomada de decisões de gestores da educação na busca pela melhoria do desempenho dos alunos das escolas da rede pública. Voltamos nossa atenção para o sistema nacional de avaliação da educação básica visando verificar aspectos positivos e negativos e como o diagnóstico da qualidade do ensino ministrado e da aprendizagem pode influenciar a garantia do padrão de qualidade na educação. Palavras-chave

Submitted by Rosmari Capra Sales (rcaprasales@gmail.com) on 2017-12-16T00:01:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_201017_finalENTREGUE.pdf: 1541318 bytes, checksum: 674ea8009dbf247bc39bc9783e775390 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-12-19T15:45:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_201017_finalENTREGUE.pdf: 1541318 bytes, checksum: 674ea8009dbf247bc39bc9783e775390 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-26T17:11:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_201017_finalENTREGUE.pdf: 1541318 bytes, checksum: 674ea8009dbf247bc39bc9783e775390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-16 / Considering the entry of new investments in the basic education market in Brazil, schools facethe weight of competition, especially when there are new directions for the premium segmentat this level of education. In this sense, the focus of the current research was to understand thevalues that are important in the choice of international schools in the context of the city of Riode Janeiro, exploring the British School. To the extent that value creation is the mission ofmanagement and, knowing that, in addition to all demands and reasons for existence,international schools are business, as well as educational institutions, it becomes imperative tounderstand what value matters for the consumer of these schools, against the value proposedby the educational institution. A qualitative research was carried out to analyze, according tothe view of the British School and the parents who have their children enrolled, what valueswould differentiate it in the local market of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was done throughfocus groups and individual interviews, involving 13 parents of students and individualinterviews with two professionals of the School who occupy strategic positions for thepurposes that interest here. Based on the results presented and the corresponding analysis,there is a misalignment between what the international school offers and what parents buy asintangible good in education. In the voice of the school, the offer is clear: English proficiency,curriculum and access to international universities. On the side of families, proficiency in theEnglish language is a core value that translates into symbolic and social capital. / Diante da entrada de novos investimentos no mercado de educação básica no Brasil, as escolas enfrentam o peso da concorrência, sobretudo quando se constata que há novos direcionamentos para o segmento premium nesse nível de educação. Nesse sentido, o foco da presente pesquisa primou por entender os valores que são importantes na escolha de escolas internacionais no contexto da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, explorando, como campo de análise, a Escola Britânica. Na medida em que a criação de valor é a missão da gestão e, sabendo que, além de toda demanda e razões de existência, as escolas internacionais são negócios, além de instituições de ensino, torna-se imprescindível compreender qual é o valor que importa para o consumidor dessas escolas, diante do valor proposto pela instituição de ensino. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa para analisar, segundo o ponto de vista da Escola Britânica e dos pais que têm os seus filhos ali matriculados, quais são os valores que a diferenciariam no mercado local do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais, envolvendo 13 pais de alunos e entrevistas individuais com dois participantes da Escola que ocupam posições estratégicas para os fins que aqui interessam. Pelos resultados apresentados e a correspondente análise, percebe-se um desalinhamento entre o que a escola internacional oferece e o que os pais compram como bem intangível em educação. Na voz da escola, a oferta é clara: proficiência da língua inglesa, currículo e acesso às universidades internacionais. Pelo lado das famílias, a proficiência na língua inglesa é um valor central que se traduz em capital simbólico e social.

This study discusses the provision of vocational skills in Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) centres in the North West Province (NWP) of South Africa. Currently, South Africa is engulfed with challenges of high unemployment rate, skills shortages and poverty amongst the adult population. The standardisation of the ABET system and the colonialism ideologies ·can be blamed for the current poor state of ABET centres. A qualitative research method was used. The qualitative research design was the best choice because it was concerned with how the research respondents create meaning based on their understanding and experiences about the provision of skills in the ABET centres. Two case studies were used as the methodology to carry the research. Triangulation was used to collect data. Structured interviews, focus group interviews, observations and visuals were utilized to collect detailed data about vocational skills in the ABET centres in the NWP. lnterpretivism research paradigm was used as an epistemological position, to position me in the study. Critical theory was used to frame the study. The use of critical theory enabled me to investigate the different types of skills that were offered in the two ABET centres and the impact they have in the socio economic development of the ABET learners. The use of critical theory in this study enabled me to come up with alternatives of improving the current programmes that are being offered in the ABET centres faced by ABET learners need collective efforts from all the stake holders that are involved in the designing of the ABET curriculum and learning programmes. ABET is dysfunctional and it needs to be urgently overhauled. ABET learners depend on the grants offered by the government. Facilitators are under prepared and unprepared to teach the school subjects that they were currently responsible to teach. ABET centres do not have physical building structures that belong to them, this causes or poses a serious challenge in teaching and learning. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)