Children meet adults dressed out in costumes in various situations. One of these characters is Skogsmulle in Friluftsfrämjandets outdoor education. Since the mid-1950´s Skogsmulle has been part of Swedish childhoods, and the concept has also spread to other countries around the world (C. Lindgren, 2021). The last decades forrest kindergartens and other kinds of preschools with focus on outdoor education flourishes around the world (Alme & Reime, 2021; Sobel, 2014), and some of them provides Skogsmulle activities. The purpose with the Skogsmulle outdoor activities is to learn about, and how to take care of nature in a playful way, and create opportunities for the children to bond with nature and strengthen their biophilia (Yılmaz m.fl., 2020; Änggård, 2009a). The aim of this study is to create knowledge about how children can experience situations when adults dress out as fictional characters, and what characterize their encounters with Skogsmulle in the forrest. Reception theory (Iser, 1980b; Rosenblatt, 2002) is used together with the concept of realunreality (A.-L. Lindgren m.fl., 2015) to explore what preschool children express and analyse the aesthetic response of the children. The method is qualitative case studies inspired by ethnographic design with observation and interviews. The result shows that children´s interpretation of fiction and reality is complex, and their encounters with Skogsmulle can be seen as an example of realunreality where the boundaries of real and unreal mingle (see A.-L. Lindgren m.fl., 2015). The children also becomes co-creators of the Skogsmulle story through their interactions, and creators of children´s culture (see Sparrman, 2011) as a response to the culture that the adults offers the children.

This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate how individuals perceive nature and engage with Texas state park (TSP) programs and resources while also identifying major barriers that visitors perceive/encounter when visiting TSPs. This study looks through the anthropological lens by using theoretical frameworks such as habitus, presentation of the social self, space and place, as well as communities of practice (CoP), to better understand the factors that influence the establishment and maintenance of an individual's relationship to nature and participation in related practices. This study illustrates how an individual's relationship to nature is influenced by experiences in early life that involve activities, landscape or bioregion, and social factors. Relationships with nature are strengthened through social support especially when CoPs are involved. By understanding park visitor experiences through motivations and limitations to participating in the outdoors, parks can expand engagement tactics, foster existing and create new CoP related to nature that aid in the introduction and adoption of outdoor learning and experiences creating lifelong stewards. The study offers recommendations on how TSPs can address visitor barriers and increase nature affinity with the use of targeted outreach and engagement methods through agency interpretive resources and programs with the goal of expanding the public's relationship with nature.

Les changements démographiques et climatiques que nous vivons actuellement mènent à de nouveaux défis pour les concepteurs du milieu bâti. La dégradation des systèmes naturels ainsi que la densification urbaine réduit les possibilités d’exposition au monde naturel des citadins. Des études empiriques ont démontré que cette exposition a un effet réparateur en contribuant à réduire notre stress et à augmenter notre niveau d’attention. C’est ce que nous nommons l’effet biophile. Quoiqu’encore à ses débuts, le domaine du design biophile cherche un appui scientifique pour promouvoir la réintégration de la nature en ville. L’objectif pratique de ce mémoire est de proposer une vision écosystémique aux concepteurs et décideurs, afin d’influencer le processus de design de nos villes. L’objectif académique est de contribuer aux données probantes dans le domaine de la conception biophile en milieu scolaire. Une approche de « design fondé sur les données probantes » est utilisée, afin d’infirmer un lien positif entre une exposition au monde naturel et le succès scolaire. Notre recherche est observationnelle, étant basée sur des conditions existantes et des données historiques. En caractérisant des expériences biophiles liées aux vues par les fenêtres des salles de classe, nous explorons leur rapport avec les résultats scolaires d’étudiants au niveau collégial. L’effet de ces expériences est modélisé par régression linéaire en utilisant des méthodes d’analyses quantitatives. Nos résultats initiaux démontrent que sous certaines conditions, il y a un effet biophile positif mesurable et légèrement significatif. En réduisant la portée au cours vision du monde, nos résultats subséquents indiquent que les étudiants réussissent mieux dans les salles de classe avec un plus haut degré biophile. Il en est de même pour les étudiants dans les salles de classe avec un plus grand pourcentage de fenêtres. Malgré ces résultats encourageants, nous ne sommes pas en mesure de dire que l’effet biophile est toujours présent ou même toujours positif dans un milieu d’enseignement. Il existe plusieurs opportunités de recherche dans ce domaine qui transcendent les simples résultats scolaires. / Climate change and demographic expansion have led to new challenges for design professionals. The degradation of our natural systems as well as urban densification reduce the opportunity for city dwellers to be exposed to the natural world. This exposure has been shown empirically to have a restorative effect by reducing stress and increasing attention. We call this the biophilic effect. Although still in its early stages, the field of biophilic design is using a scientific approach in an effort to green our cities. The practical objective of this research is to expose designers and administrators to an ecosystemic worldview that will hopefully impact their design and decision-making process. The academic objective is to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of biophilic design in academic environments. We use methods borrowed from ‘Evidence Based Design’ to test the hypothesis that the biophilic effect has a positive impact on college student performances. It is an observational study based on existing conditions and historical data. By characterising biophilic experiences linked to window views from the classrooms, we explore their impact on student grades. The biophilic effects are modelled using linear regression in a quantitative analysis. Our initial results indicate that in certain circumstances there is a measurable, slightly significant, positive biophilic effect. When focusing on the Worldview course, subsequent results show that students do better in a classroom with a higher degree of biophilic features. They also perform better in classrooms with larger or more windows. Although these results are encouraging, we are far from being able to state that a biophilic effect is always present or always positive in an educational setting. The are many research opportunities in this field that go well beyond simple performance outcomes.

Allt fler bor i urbana områden och vistas mindre ute i naturen. Samtidigt pågårklimatförändringar som bland annat påskyndas av att torrlagda våtmarker släpper utkoldioxid. Den här undersökningen utforskar hur miljöpedagoger arbetar med exkursionervid våtmarker för att stärka barns natursamhörighet, uppmärksamma våtmarkers värden, samthur exkursioner kan bidra i arbetet för Agenda 2030 och Sveriges miljömål gällandevåtmarker. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med miljöpedagoger samt observation av enexkursion vid en våtmark utfördes i undersökningen. Resultatet visar att exkursioner vidvåtmarker kan vara avgörande för barns natursamhörighet, barns förståelse för våtmarkersvärde, samt utvecklande av empatiska beteenden gentemot naturen. Under en exkursion vidvåtmarker får barn vara med och utför åtgärder för att skydda och bevara våtmarker, vilket ären viktig del för att uppnå Agenda 2030 och Sveriges miljömål. Trots att mänskligaaktiviteter vid våtmarker kan vara negativt för den biologiska mångfalden, är exkursionernödvändigt för det framtida arbetet för våtmarkers välstånd. Framtida forskning bör fokuserapå långsiktiga effekter på barn som kontinuerligt får komma ut på exkursioner inaturområden. / The number of people living in urban areas has increased significantly, and they spend lesstime in nature. At the same time climate change is taking place, which is being accelerated,among other things, by drained wetlands that emit carbon dioxide. This study explores howenvironmental educators work with excursions at wetlands to strengthen children's natureconnectedness, pay attention to the values of wetlands, and how excursions can contribute toreaching the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sweden's environmental goalsregarding wetlands. Semi-structured interviews with environmental educators and anobservation of an excursion to a wetland, were conducted in the study. The results show thatexcursions at wetlands can be crucial for children's nature connectedness, children'sunderstanding of the value of wetlands, and the development of empathic behaviors towardsnature. Through excursions at wetlands, children are involved with the wetlands andmeasures are taken to protect and preserve wetlands, which is an important part of achievingthe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sweden's environmental goals. Althoughhuman activities in wetlands can be detrimental to biodiversity, excursions are necessary forfuture work on wetland prosperity. Future research should focus on long-term effects onchildren who are continuously on excursions in nature.

På grund av ökade klimatförändringar och dess påverkan på miljö och människors hälsa kommer klimatanpassningar i den urbana miljön bli allt mer nödvändigt för att mildra dess effekter. Vår studie fokuserar på hur synliga klimatanpassningar upplevs samt hur de kan påverka människors välbefinnande. Studien avgränsas till biofiltren på Neptunigatan i Malmö. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med människor som befann sig på platsen, vilka sedan analyserades i förhållande till tidigare forskning om miljöetiska värdegrunder, estetik, riskperception och psykisk hälsa. Resultatet visade att samtliga informanter var positivt inställda till klimatanpassningar och dess funktion, även om viss skepticism identifierades hos några av dem. Alla informanter kände någon typ av oro, ångest, stress eller annan negativ känsla kopplat till klimatförändringarna, vilket gör detta till ett viktigt område att studera. Enökad informationsspridning kring klimatanpassningar och klimatförändringar är därför viktig för att öka kunskapsnivån vilket i sin tur medför en mer positiv inställning till klimatanpassningar. / The magnitude of climate change is increasing, and is affecting the environment and people’s health. To mitigate these effects, climate adaptations in urban environments are necessary. The aim of this study is to examine how visible climate adaptations are perceived, and how they can promote well-being. The study is limited to the biofilters located on Neptunigatan in Malmö. We did qualitative interviews with people with a connection to the biofilters, andanalyzed the results in relation to our theoretical framework, which includes environmental ethical values, aesthetics, risk perception and mental health. The results showed that all informants had positive attitudes towards climate adaptations, although we identified some skeptical tendencies. All informants reported some kind of worry, anxiety, stress or other negative emotions in relation to climate change, which makes this an important study area. It is important to inform citizens about climate change and climate adaptations. Increased knowledge leads to a more positive attitude towards climate adaptations.

This thesis presents a field study examining the effect of the Active, Beautiful and Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme in Singapore on social capital. Based on a multi-disciplinary approach and following the theoretical framework of bonding and bridging social capital developed by Robert Putnam and others, three different cases of the ABC Programme were compared, looking particularly at the level of blue-green landscape integration. The three cases comprised the ABC flagship project ‘Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park’ with high level of blue-green integration as well as the green and the grey section of the Ulu Pandan Park Connector with medium and low level of blue-green integration, respectively. Quantitative data was obtained by counting the share of park users engaged in social interaction and by surveying 330 park users on the perceptions of social interaction and integration. In addition to the quantitative data, a total of 60 face-to-face interviews were carried out in the three park areas, providing an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of the surrounding areas. The study concludes that the ABC Waters Programme is a strong generator of social capital, offering an attractive place for social bonding and to some extent also for social bridging.

abstract: ABSTRACT Recent studies indicate that there is a positive influence of nature and nature integrated built environments on human health and wellness in various physical, physiological and social domains. This thesis critically reviews formally and contextually three distinct residential typologies designed by renowned architects Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Lina Bo Bardi (1914-1992), and Ryue Nishizawa (1966-), in different periods and countries; the United States of America (USA), Brazil and Japan. Yet, the buildings analyzed in the research are relatively connected by means of nature and the natural elements in their constructed essence. This research focuses on the features of the buildings that characterize the Biophilic Design, along with theoretical and practical ideas of the architects behind each building in their own process of formation. The Biophilic Design Framework has been developed out of the Biophilia Hypothesis (Fromm, 1973; Wilson, 1984) which puts forward an explanatory suggestion that human affinity and affiliation with nature are based on genetic and environmental adaptation processes. This research is designed to display how specific natural phenomena apply to the built environment within the Framework of Biophilic Design (Kellert, & Calabrese, 2015) and how the Biophilia Hypothesis translates into the built environment. To accomplish this, two primary and three secondary research questions were developed for the study. The research will provide an understanding of the Biophilia Hypothesis and its impact on the built environment through the evaluation of research variables on the case studies using the ‘twenty-four attributes’ indicated in the ‘three experiences’ of Biophilic Design. These architects’ approaches and the methods applied theoretically and practically to these research sites were unveiled and analyzed through three case studies. A positive correlation regarding the success of the case studies and their Biophilic characteristics is found by analyzing the research sites and critiques from the authorities in written literature. The applicability of the ‘Biophilic Design Framework’ was found and evidenced by the findings from these case studies designed by master architects and located in different climates, regions and contexts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Architecture 2017

Este trabajo de investigación se planteó bajo una idea base, el brindar un proyecto de calidad para todas las personas con alguna discapacidad física o motora, ya que, en la mayoría de casos de centros de salud especializados en rehabilitación y terapia física no brindan el servicio en espacios adecuados y que no tienen la mayoría de alcance para toda esta población que sufre de alguna discapacidad. Es por eso, que este trabajo de investigación muestra los aciertos y falencias de centros de muchos centros de salud especializados en rehabilitación y terapia física a nivel de Lima Metropolitana. Aciertos como, que existe una normativa muy clara y especifica por parte del Ministerio de Salud y del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Dr. Adriana Rebaza. Falencias como, que algunos centros de salud no cuentan con una debida espacialidad donde el paciente pueda realizar sus terapias con la adecuada comodidad y tranquilidad, también que muchos de estos se encuentran ubicados en su mayoría en zonas muy alejadas del lugar de residencia del paciente, generándole una incomodidad en el paciente, ya que nuestras ciudades no están debidamente diseñadas a su medida. Por otro lado, el escoger debidamente un énfasis de la arquitectura biofilia par un establecimiento de salud es fundamental, ya que, es en dicho establecimiento donde el paciente pasara un buen tiempo en lo que dure su tratamiento y brindarle ese acercamiento con la naturaleza es necesaria para generar una sensación de calma y tranquilidad en el paciente. Entonces, este proyecto de investigación ahonda en estos temas y busca generar soluciones para un porcentaje de la población con discapacidad sea física o motora. / This research work was raised under a basic idea, to provide a quality project for all people with a physical or motor disability, since, in most cases, health centers specialized in rehabilitation and physical therapy do not provide the service. In adequate spaces and that, do not have the majority of reach for this entire population that suffers from some disability. That is why this research work shows the successes and failures of centers of many health centers specialized in rehabilitation and physical therapy at the level of Metropolitan Lima. Successes such as, that there is a very clear and specific regulation by the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Rehabilitation Dr. Adriana Rebaza. Failures such as, that some health centers do not have a proper space where the patient can perform their therapies with due comfort and tranquility, also that many of these are located mostly in areas very far from the patient's place of residence, generating discomfort in the patient, since our cities are not properly designed for them. On the other hand, properly choosing an emphasis of the biophilic architecture for a health facility is essential, since it is in said facility where the patient will spend a good time during the duration of their treatment and providing that approach with nature is necessary. To generate a feeling of calm and tranquility in the patient. Therefore, this research project delves into these issues and seeks to generate solutions for a percentage of the population with physical or motor disabilities. / Trabajo de investigación

Donkeys have been useful helpers to people especially at transporting burdens and in agriculture for thousands of years. Nowadays they make livelihoods of rural as well as urban inhabitants over all continents easier. The use of donkeys in agriculture and transport is vanishing in developing countries due to the mechanization. We know only little about how and why people keep breeding of donkeys in developing countries. Theoretical part of the thesis tries to summarize previous basic knowledge about breeding and using donkeys. It focuses on domestication of donkeys, their use in history in different parts of the world, current position of donkeys and partly on relations between men and animals from the view of Human-Animal Studies. A research in a part of Polabí lowland is added. The main practical aim of the thesis is to take a look at the phenomenon of breeding donkeys in the Czech Republic in the present and bring any findings about why do people breed donkeys in modern times in this developing country. Research finds how are donkeys bred, what reasons lead breeders to get donkeys and what their real use is. The thesis contributes to popularization of this theme among experts and laymen and suggests methodology for research of breeding donkeys in other areas as well.

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