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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Simulation and time-series analysis for Autonomous Emergency Braking systems / Simulering och tidsserie-analys för Autonoma nödbromsning system

Xu, Zhiying January 2021 (has links)
One central challenge for Autonomous Driving (AD) systems is ensuring functional safety. This is affected by all parts of vehicle automation systems: environment perception, decision making, and actuation. The AD system manages its activity towards achieving its goals to maintain in the safety domain, upon an environment using observation through sensors and consequent actuators. Therefore, this research investigates the operational safety for the AD system. In this research, a simulation for the Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system and a simple scenario are constructed on CARLA, an open-source simulator for autonomous driving systems, to investigate the factors that impact the performance of the AEB system. The time-series data that influence the AEB are collected and fed into three time-series analysis algorithms, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), regression tree and Long short-term memory (LSTM), to select a suitable time-series algorithm to be used for the AEB system. The results show that weather, the measurement range of the sensors, and noise can affect the results of the AEB system. After comparing the performance of these three time-series algorithms through contrasting the recall and precision of these three algorithms to detect noise in the data, the results can be obtained that LSTM has the better performance for long-term analysis. And ARIMA is more suitable for short-term time-series analysis. LSTM is chosen to analyze the time-series data, since the long-term time-series analysis is necessary for the AEB system and it can detect the noise in the variables of the AEB system with better performance. / En central utmaning för AD system är att säkerställa funktionell säkerhet. Detta påverkas av alla delar av fordonsautomatiseringssystem: miljöuppfattning, beslutsfattande och aktivering. AD -systemet hanterar sin aktivitet för att uppnå sina mål att upprätthålla inom säkerhetsområdet, i en miljö som använder observation genom sensorer och därav följande ställdon. Därför undersöker denna forskning den operativa säkerheten för AD systemet. I denna forskning konstrueras en simulering för AEB -systemet och ett enkelt scenario på CARLA, en simulator med öppen källkod för autonoma körsystem, för att undersöka de faktorer som påverkar prestandan för AEB systemet. Tidsseriedata som påverkar AEB samlas in och matas in i tre tidsserieanalysalgoritmer, ARIMA, regressionsträd och LSTM, för att välja en lämplig tidsserie-algoritm som ska används för AEB systemet. Resultaten visar att väder, mätområdet för sensorerna och brus kan påverka resultaten av AEB systemet. Efter att ha jämfört prestandan för dessa tre tidsserie-algoritmer genom att kontrastera återkallelsen och precisionen för dessa tre algoritmer för att detektera brus i data kan resultaten erhållas att LSTM har bättre prestanda för långsiktig analys. Och ARIMA är mer lämpad för korttidsanalyser i tidsserier. LSTM väljs för att analysera tidsseriedata, eftersom långsiktig tidsserieanalys är nödvändig för AEB systemet och det kan detektera bruset i variablerna i AEB system med bättre prestanda.
182

Development of a Driver Behavior Based Active Collision Avoidance System

Every, Joshua Lee 21 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
183

Energy Consumption Optimization of Electric Vehicles

Sun, Zhifeng January 2021 (has links)
This master thesis report has studied several methods to improve the energy consumption of an electric vehicle equipped with two permanent magnet synchronous motors. Two driving torque distribution maps are developed based on efficiency map and load transfer, respectively. The drive torque distribution map based on the efficiency map shows up to 8.94% energy saving. Two regenerative braking strategies are designed and compared. Both strategies have pure regenerative brake at low decelerations and it is controlled by a modified acceleration pedal map. Strategy 1 does not add more regenerative braking when the brake pedal is pressed thus it is simpler while strategy 2 can blend in more motor torque. Rear axle steering is also studied in terms of contribution to energy consumption and an LQR controller is developed to control the vehicle with rear axle steering. / Denna rapport avhandlar ett examensarbete där flera metoder har studerats för att förbättra energikonsumptionen för ett elektriskt fordon med två permanentmagnetsynkrona motorer. Två fördelningskartor för drivande moment är framtagna baserat på effektivitetskartor och lastöverföring. Fördelningskartorna för drivande moment som är baserat på effektivitet visar upp till 8,94% energiminskning. Två olika regenerativa bromsstrategier är framtagna och jämförda. Båda strategierna har ren regeneration vid låga decelerationer och är reglerat genom modifierat gaspedalsmappning. Strategi 1 ger inte mer regeneration när bromspedalen trycks ned och är då enklare medans strategi 2 kan blanda in mer vridmoment från elmotorn. Bakaxelstyrning är också studerat i termer av dess bidrag till energikonsumption samt en LQR regulator är utvecklad för reglering av fordonets bakaxelstyrning.
184

Roslagsbanan: A capacity comparison between the current ATC system and the implementation of a CBTC system

Sofroniou, Chrysostomos January 2021 (has links)
Communications-based train control (CBTC) aims to improve headways in the railway systems while maintaining or even improving safety. By means of the CBTC systems, the exact position of a train is known more accurately than the traditional signalling systems. It is a continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits. The system makes use of the telecommunications between the train and track equipment for the traffic management and infrastructure control. Roslagsbanan is a narrow gauge urban railway system that connects Stockholm with the northern suburbs of the city and despite its age and limited capacity, it is one of the most used railways in Sweden. From the beginning, the entire track consisted of single-tracks where the trains had to wait for each other on special meeting tracks. Αn expansion plan is now underway and the authorities are building approximately 22 km of double-track where the trains will be able to meet. All work along the Roslagsbanan aims to increase capacity, safety and accessibility. With more double-tracks and an updated signal system, the risk of traffic disruptions will be reduced and it is possible to have more frequent traffic in the future. This master’s thesis investigates a CBTC implementation in Roslagsbanan according to the current expansion plan and comparisons are conducted between the current capacity of the ATC system. A simulation model is developed that calculates the train’s safe braking curve and safe braking distance and two case studies are examined. The first one: Calculation of the capacity of the train routes and examination a capacity increase by a minimum 20% during rush hour, taking into consideration the current expansion plan in double-tracks. The second one: Calculation of the capacity of the train routes considering double-tracks the entire route. In this way, differences could be seen between the traffic density with single and double-tracks. Several insights were gained during the realization of this project and as well as timetables have been created to visualize the findings of this thesis. The timetable’s regularity time is decreased to a significant degree and more frequent traffic can be accommodated. Furthermore, the capacity is definitely affected by the track/infrastructure design however, it is questionable whether this increase in capacity outweighs the economic factor of expanding the entire route to double-tracks. / Kommunikationsbaserad tågkontroll (CBTC) syftar till att förbättra framsteg i järnvägssystemen samtidigt som säkerheten bibehålls eller till och med förbättras. Med hjälp av CBTC-systemen är ett tågs exakta position känd mer exakt än de traditionella signalsystemen. Det är ett kontinuerligt, automatiskt tågkontrollsystem som använder högupplöst tåglägesbestämning, oberoende av spårledning. Systemet använder telekommunikation mellan tåg och spårutrustning för trafikledning och infrastrukturkontroll. Roslagsbanan är ett smalspårigt stadsjärnvägssystem som förbinder Stockholm med stadens norra förorter och trots sin ålder och begränsade kapacitet är det en av de mest använda järnvägarna i Sverige. Från början bestod hela spåret av enkelspår där tågen fick vänta på varandra på speciella mötesstationer. Ett utvecklingsprogram pågår nu och myndigheterna bygger cirka 22 km dubbelspår där tågen kommer att kunna mötas. Allt arbete längs Roslagsbanan syftar till att öka kapacitet, säkerhet och tillgänglighet. Med fler dubbelspår och ett uppdaterat signalsystem minskar risken för trafikstörningar och det är möjligt att ha mer frekvent trafik i framtiden. Detta examensarbete undersöker ett CBTC-genomförande i Roslagsbanan enligt den nuvarande expansionsplanen och jämförelser görs med ATC-systemets nuvarande kapacitet. En simuleringsmodell har utvecklats som beräknar tågets säkra bromskurva och säkra bromssträcka och två fallstudier undersöks. Den första: Beräkning av tåglinjernas kapacitet och undersökning av en kapacitetsökning med minst 20% under rusningstid med hänsyn till den nuvarande expansionsplanen i dubbelspår. Den andra: Beräkning av tåglinjernas kapacitet med tanke på dubbelspår hela rutten. På detta sätt kunde skillnader ses mellan trafiktätheten med enkel- och dubbelspår. Flera insikter gjordes under genomförandet av detta projekt och tidtabeller har skapats för att visualisera resultaten av denna avhandling. Tiden mellan tågen minskas i betydande grad och mer frekvent trafik kan tillgodoses. Dessutom påverkas kapaciteten definitivt av ban-/infrastrukturutformningen, men det är tveksamt om denna kapacitetsökning uppväger den ekonomiska faktorn att utöka hela rutten till dubbelspår.
185

Layer Of Protection Analysis: Pilotstudie, metodutveckling och tillämpning på ett konventionellt hydrauliskt bromssystem / Layer Of Protection Analysis: Pilot study, method development and application on a hydraulic braking system

Rahimi ata, Kooscha-Kevin January 2019 (has links)
Within the safety analysis industry there are a variety of tools used to ensure reliability and security of systems, ranging from mostly qualitative approaches to mostly quantitative. One safety analysis method that lies in between these two is called Layers Of Protection Analysis (LOPA). LOPA is known as a “semi-quantitative” approach that uses a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches to draw conclusions. In this masters thesis the LOPA approach is demonstrated, in addition to being developed into two alternate LOPA approaches, known as MarkovLOPA and RBDLOPA. These two developed approaches use the concept of Markov chains and Reliability block diagram (RBD) respectively, to extend the applicability of the traditional LOPA methodology. Furthermore, a conventional hydraulic braking system (CHB), which includes ABS/TCS- and ESP functionality was analysed by these three methodologies. The results of the analysis show that in the analysis by LOPA and RBDLOPA 4- and 3 out of 10 scenarios need slight improvements and only 1 scenario for MarkovLOPA. Additionally, the validity of the alternative approaches are analysed by a sensitivity analysis, showing irregularities in the results, leading to the conclusion that further research and development is required prior to industrial applications of the approaches.
186

Energy Consumption and Running Time for Trains : modelling of running resistance and driver behaviour based on full scale testing

Lukaszewicz, Piotr January 2001 (has links)
The accuracy in determined energy consumption and runningtime of trains, by means of computer simulation, is dependent upon the various models used. This thesis aims at developing validated models of running resistance, train and of a generaldriver, all based on full scale testing. A partly new simple methodology for determining running resistance, called by energy coasting method is developed and demonstrated. An error analysis for this methodis performed. Running resistance of high speed train SJ X2000, conventional loco hauled passenger trains and freight trains is systematically parameterised. Influence of speed, number of axles, axle load, track type, train length,and train configuration is studied. A model taking into account the ground boundary layer for determining the influence ofmeasured head and tail wind is developed. Different factors and parameters of a train, that are vital for the accuracy in computed energy consumption and runningtime are identified, analysed and finally synthesized into a train model. Empirical models of the braking and the traction system, including the energy efficiency, are developed for the electrical locomotive of typeSJ Rc4, without energy regeneration. Driver behaviour is studied for freight trains and a couple of driving describing parametersare proposed. An empirical model of freight train driver behaviour is developed from fullscale testing and observations. A computer program, a simulator, is developed in Matlabcode, making use of the determined runningresistance and the developed models of train and driver. The simulator calculates the energy consumption and running time ofa single train. Comparisons between simulations and corresponding measurements are made. Finally, the influence of driving on energy consumption and running time is studied and demonstrated in some examples. The main conclusions are that: The method developed for determining running resistanceis quite simple and accurate. It can be used on any train andon any track. The running resistance of tested trains includes some interesting knowledge which is partly believed to be new. Mechanical running resistance is less than proportional to the actual axle load. Air drag increases approximately linearly with train length and the effect of measured head and tail wind on the air drag can be calculated if the groundboundary layer is considered. The developed train model, including running resistance, traction, braking etc. is quite accurate, as verified for the investigated trains. The driver model together with the train model insimulations, is verified against measurements and shows good agreement for energy consumption and running time. It is recommended to use a driver model, when calculating energy consumption and running times for trains. Otherwise, the energy consumption will most likely be over-estimated.This has been demonstrated for Swedish ordinary freighttrains. / QC 20100526
187

Stabdomų lengvųjų automobilių judėjimo parametrų tyrimas / Research of movement parameters of motorcars in braking

Nagurnas, Saulius 27 June 2005 (has links)
Research of movement parameters of motorcars in braking.
188

Eignung von objektiven und subjektiven Daten im Fahrsimulator am Beispiel der Aktiven Gefahrenbremsung - eine vergleichende Untersuchung

Jentsch, Martin 09 July 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Fahrerassistenzsysteme (FAS), wie zum Beispiel die „Aktive Gefahrenbremsung“, sollen dazu beitragen, das Fahren sicherer zu machen und die Anzahl an Unfällen und Verunglückten im Straßenverkehr weiter zu senken. Bei der Entwicklung von FAS muss neben der funktionalen Zuverlässigkeit des FAS sichergestellt werden, dass der Fahrer die Assistenzfunktion versteht und fehlerfrei benutzen kann. Zur Bestimmung geeigneter Systemauslegungen kommen in der Entwicklung Probandenversuche zum Einsatz, bei denen die zukünftigen Nutzer das FAS erleben und anschließend beurteilen. In dieser Arbeit wird die Eignung eines statischen Fahrsimulators für die Durchführung von Probandenversuchen zur Bewertung aktiv eingreifender FAS untersucht. Hierzu wurde ein Fahrversuch auf der Teststrecke und im statischen Fahrsimulator konzipiert, mit jeweils ca. 80 Probanden durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Auswirkung des FAS „Aktive Gefahrenbremsung“ auf ausgewählte objektive und subjektive Kennwerte in der jeweiligen Versuchsumgebung vergleichend gegenübergestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass der statische Fahrsimulator prinzipiell für die Durchführung von Studien zur Bewertung aktiv eingreifender FAS geeignet ist. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit werden Erkenntnisse zur Aussagekraft der betrachteten Kennwerte sowie Empfehlungen zur Versuchsdurchführung im statischen Fahrsimulator gegeben.
189

Escort tug performance prediction: a CFD method

Smoker, Brendan 20 December 2012 (has links)
As the demand for energy continues to increase around the world, more vessels used in the transport of energy, such as Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) and crude oil tankers are being built to transport energy to market overseas. The escort tug has been developed in order to assist in the safe transit of such vessels in confined waterways. Designed to apply emergency braking and steering forces to the stern of a tanker while underway, an escort tug features a hull shape that generates large hydrodynamic lift and drag forces when operating at high angles of attack, this is known as indirect mode. This escorting mode is highly effective at speeds 8 knots and above, often generating towline forces well in excess of bollard pull. Escort performance prediction is a vital aspect of the design of escort tugs. It is important to know a priori if a design will meet the necessary performance criteria. In the past, performance predictions have relied heavily on model testing and empirical methods. With the recent emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a commercially viable design tool for naval architects, extensive escort performance predictions can now be carried out more accurately in less time and at less cost than was previously possible. This thesis describes the methodology of a CFD based escort performance prediction method that is accurate and cost effective. / Graduate
190

Řízení stejnosměrného bezkartáčového motoru za podmínek ztráty napájecího napětí / Brushless dc motor control under power loss condition

Šedivý, Jozef January 2014 (has links)
Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá implementáciou bezpečnostnej funkcie pre elektrický aktuátor, ktorá spočíva v riadení BLDC motora, po výpadku napájacieho napätia, keď je aktuátor poháňaný vstavanou pružinou.. Celé riadenie motora je navrhnuté v prostredí Matlab-Simulink technikou nazývanou návrh systému z modelu. Následne pomocou automatického generovania kódu bol získaný zdrojový kód, ktorý bol použitý v reálnom aktuátore a odtestovaný v reálnych podmienkach. Cieľom týchto testov bolo overiť reálnu možnosť nasadenia vyvinutých algoritmov v reálnych, komerčne dostupných produktoch.

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