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Mudanças físico-químicas e sensorias de farinhas de arroz submetidas à torração. / Physical, chemical and sensorial changes of flours of rice submittedTAVARES, July-ana Souza 01 October 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 / Rice is a cereal consumed primarily as whole grain, and its composition and fractions are subject to varietal differences, environmental variations, handling, processing and storage. Broken grains of rice are fractions generated during processing and may represent between 14% and 60% of total grains. The processing of broken grains in the form of flour is an alternative to the use of this byproduct in the food industry. The thermal changes, such as toasting, could modify the sensory characteristics of rice flour due to the occurrence of reactions such as Maillard, and changes in the technological characteristics such as absorption capacity and water solubility, viscosity and amylose content. This research studied the influence of moisture content and toasting time in microwave on physical characteristics (size, modulus of fineness, color, viscosity, water absorption index and water solubility index) chemical (moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, carbohydrates and amylose content) and sensorial of raw rice flour and toasted of cultivars BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja and IRGA 417. We also determined the income benefit, whole grain and the degree of polishing of rice grains of these cultivars and scanning electron microscopy of some raw flour and toast. He was employed a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), which includes a factor of 22 over 3 replications at the central point and axial 4, totaling 11 treatments for each cultivar. The cv. BRS Sertaneja presents higher income benefit, while cv. IRGA 417 has a higher yield of integers and degree of polish. The cv. BRS Primavera has a higher percentage of broken grains may be suitable for production of flour. The flour of raw rice and toast were placed between thin and medium. The color of the raw flours from three cultivars are significantly different. The toasting process causes the darkening, reddening and yellowing of the meal toast. The humidification followed by toasting in microwave rice flours from three cultivars did decrease the formation of paste, moisture, protein, lipid and amylose, increasing the absorption index and water solubility and ash content, and carbohydrates . The Free Profile enabled to differentiate the samples on the cultivar and time of toasting. The longer, the flour toasts were characterized with more intense flavor and aroma of toasted and / or burned, and granularity in appearance and texture. / O arroz é um cereal consumido principalmente como grão inteiro, sendo que sua composição e de suas frações estão sujeitas às diferenças varietais, variações ambientais, de manejo, de processamento e de armazenamento. Grãos quebrados são frações de arroz gerados durante o beneficiamento e podem representar entre 14% e 60% do total dos grãos beneficiados. O processamento de grãos quebrados sob a forma de farinha é alternativa para uso deste subproduto na indústria de alimentos. As modificações térmicas, como a torração, poderiam modificar as características sensoriais da farinha de arroz devido à ocorrência de reações como a de Maillard, além de modificações nas características tecnológicas como capacidade de absorção e solubilidade em água, viscosidade de pasta e teor de amilose. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência das variáveis umidade e tempo de torra em micro-ondas sobre as características físicas (granulometria; módulo de finura; cor; viscosidade; índice de absorção de água e índice de solubilidade em água), químicas (umidade, cinzas, proteína bruta, lipídios, carboidratos e o teor de amilose) e sensorial das farinhas de arroz cruas e torradas das cultivares BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja e IRGA 417. Foram também determinados a renda do benefício, rendimento de inteiros e grau de polimento dos grãos de arroz destas cultivares, além de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de algumas farinhas cruas e torradas. Foi empregado um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR), que inclui um fatorial de 22 mais 3 repetições no ponto central e 4 axiais, totalizando 11 tratamentos para cada cultivar. A cv. BRS Sertaneja apresenta maior renda do benefício, enquanto a cv. IRGA 417 possui maior rendimento de inteiros e grau de polimento. A cv. BRS Primavera possui maior porcentagem de grãos quebrados podendo ser indicada para produção de farinha. As farinhas de arroz cruas e torradas foram classificadas entre muito fina e média. A cor das farinhas cruas das três cultivares são significativamente diferentes. O processo de torra provoca o escurecimento, avermelhamento e amarelamento das farinhas torradas. A umidificação seguida de torra em micro-ondas nas farinhas de arroz das três cultivares fez diminuir a formação de pasta, a umidade, o teor protéico, lipídico e de amilose, aumentando o índice de absorção e solubilidade em água e o conteúdo de cinzas e carboidratos. O Perfil Livre permitiu diferenciar as amostras quanto a cultivar e o tempo de torra. Quanto maior o tempo, as farinhas torradas caracterizaram-se com aroma e sabor mais intenso de torrado e/ou queimado, além de granulosidade na aparência e textura.
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L’espérance comme expérience ontologique chez Gabriel Marcel / Hope as ontological experience for Gabriel MarcelAdjobi, Vast-Amour Dingui 12 December 2017 (has links)
L'espérance se présente comme l'expérience d'un avenir qui n'a pas été encore vécu et qui se donne comme inobjectivable. Cette intuition a commandé la problématique de cette recherche, qui met au jour les conditions de possibilité d'une espérance véritable dans un monde – le nôtre – où elle ne trouve pas immédiatement sa place. Ce monde ''cassé'', comme l'appelle Gabriel Marcel, est sous l'emprise de la technique. C'est un monde où prime l'exigence du faire et où les questions existentielles sont réduites elles-mêmes à des ''problèmes'' qui doivent trouver leur ''solution'' comme n'importe quel problème relevant de l'ordre de l'avoir. Il y a, en ce sens, un ''problème de l'espérance ». Il se développe dans une philosophie qui s'émancipe de la foi et dont on trouve des illustrations notamment dans le probabilisme de Hume et dans le matérialisme de Bloch. Or Gabriel Marcel fait le pari, par la méthode dite de la ''réflexion seconde'', de placer l'espérance sous le sceau du ''mystère''. Il s'agit alors de comprendre que l'espérance, pensée sur le plan de l'être et non plus de l'avoir, relève d'une expérience qui est toujours en cours de formation, et qui ouvre le chemin que suit une personne que définissent sa capacité d'agir, ses relations avec les autres personnes et son aptitude à la responsabilité. Nous soutenons dans ce sens, avec l'appui de Ricœur, que l'identité du sujet de l'espérance est essentiellement intersubjective et ouverte, selon une exigence de fidélité créatrice. Nous trouvons plus précisément dans le nous familial, comme l'appelle Marcel, la condition de possibilité d'une expérience concrète de l'espérance, comprise alors comme patience d'un présent éprouvant et confiance en un avenir incertain. Renvoyant dos à dos, pour ce faire, les conceptions essentialiste et constructiviste de la famille, nous appelons vœu créateur ce qui, au sein même de la famille, dont nous proposons une conception élargie, est jaillissement du nouveau et promesse de vie. Ainsi nous affirmons que l'espérance, pour invérifiable qu'elle soit, est, mais selon des formes authentiques ou inauthentiques. L'enjeu de ce travail, en reconnaissant cette différence au cœur même de l'espérance, est de comprendre comment celle-ci, plus que comme un ensemble de moyens, se présente fondamentalement comme une mise en route qui se reçoit d'un appel de ou à l'autre, et qui est constitutive de toute action vouée au temps. La présence de cet autre déborde toute tentative d'objectivation. Elle est le lieu intérieur où se vit in fine l'attente active qu'est l'espérance comme expérience ontologique. / Hope appears as the experience of a future which was not still lived yet and which is given as inobjectivable. This intuition has commanded the problematic of this research, which brings to light the conditions of possibility of a true hope in a world – ours – where it does not immediately find its place. This « broken » world, as Gabriel Marcel calls it, is under the influence of technic. It's a world in which prevail the need to do things, and also where existential questions are reduced to ''problems'' which must find their ''solution'' as any other problem come under the order of the possession. In this way, there is a ''problem of hope''. A philosophy is growing which emancipate itself from faith and which illustrations are found in particular in Hume's probabilism and Bloch's materialism. But Gabriel Marcel, by the method said about ''second reflection », bet to place hope under the seal of ''mystery''. It's all about understanding that hope, thought on the plan of ''the being'' and no more of ''the having'' is an experience still on training and which opens the way that follows a person defined by its ability to act, its relations to others and its aptitude to responsibility. In this sense, we support, with Ricoeur's support, that the subject identity of hope is essentially intersubjective and opened, according to a requirement of creative fidelity. We find more exactly in the « I and you familial» as Marcel calls it, the condition of possibility of a concrete experience of hope, understood as patience of a trying present and trust in an uncertain future. Referring back to back, the essentialist and constructivist conceptions of the family, we call creative vow, what within the family, of which we propose an enlarged conception is springing forth for the new and promise of life. So we assert that hope, however unverifiable as it may be, is, but according to authentic and inauthentic forms. The challenge of this work, recognizing this difference at the very heart of hope, is to understand how it, more than as a set of means, is fundamentally a start-up that is received from a call. From one to other, and which is constitutive of all action devoted to time. The presence of this other overflows any attempt at objectification. It is the inner place where the active expectation of hope as an ontological experience is lived.
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Improved nuclear predictions of relevance to the r-process of nucleosynthesisSamyn, Mathieu 22 January 2004 (has links)
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Dům s pečovatelskou službou / Retirement homeNečinová, Lucie January 2013 (has links)
It handles about a „Retirement home“ named project (3 floors, with a partial basement, building on a slight slope). The base structure is of reinforced concrete strips. The walls of the basement are made with the application of hidden formwork type system BEST. The bearing and non-bearing walls are of majority used silicate bricks. The staircase structure consists of monolithic reinforced concrete 2x brokem slab. For ceilings slab panels, are used Spiroll. The building is finished with a single layered flat roof.
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Topological order in a broken-symmetry stateMüller, Roger Alexander 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Phase-field modeling of brittle fracture along the thickness direction of plates and shellsAmbati, Marreddy, Heinzmann, Jonas, Seiler, Martha, Kästner, Markus 22 January 2024 (has links)
The prediction of fracture in thin-walled structures is decisive for a wide range of applications. Modeling methods such as the phase-field method usually consider cracks to be constant over the thickness which, especially in load cases involving bending, is an imperfect approximation. In this contribution, fracture phenomena along the thickness direction of structural elements (plates or shells) are addressed with a phase-field modeling approach. For this purpose, a new, so called “mixed-dimensional” model is introduced, which combines structural elements representing the displacement field in the two-dimensional shell midsurface with continuum elements describing a crack phase-field in the three-dimensional solid space. The proposed model uses two separate finite element discretizations, where the transfer of variables between the coupled twoand three-dimensional fields is performed at the integration points which in turn need to have corresponding geometric locations. The governing equations of the proposed mixed-dimensional model are deduced in a consistent manner from a total energy functional with them also being compared to existing standard models. The resulting model has the advantage of a reduced computational effort due to the structural elements while still being able to accurately model arbitrary through-thickness crack evolutions as well as partly along the thickness broken shells due to the continuum elements. Amongst others, the higher accuracy aswell as the numerical efficiency of the proposed model are tested and validated by comparing simulation results of the new model to those obtained by standard models using numerous representative examples.
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Diagnosis of electric induction machines in non-stationary regimes working in randomly changing conditionsVedreño Santos, Francisco Jose 02 December 2013 (has links)
Tradicionalmente, la detección de faltas en máquinas eléctricas se basa en el uso de la Transformada Rápida de Fourier ya que la mayoría de las faltas pueden ser diagnosticadas con ella con seguridad si las máquinas operan en condiciones de régimen estacionario durante un intervalo de tiempo razonable.
Sin embargo, para aplicaciones en las que las máquinas operan en condiciones de carga y velocidad fluctuantes (condiciones no estacionarias) como por ejemplo los aerogeneradores, el uso de la Transformada Rápida de Fourier debe ser reemplazado por otras técnicas.
La presente tesis desarrolla una nueva metodología para el diagnóstico de máquinas de inducción de rotor de jaula y rotor bobinado operando en condiciones no estacionarias, basada en el análisis de las componentes de falta de las corrientes en el plano deslizamiento frecuencia. La técnica es aplicada al diagnóstico de asimetrías estatóricas, rotóricas y también para la falta de excentricidad mixta.
El diagnóstico de las máquinas eléctricas en el dominio deslizamiento-frecuencia confiere un carácter universal a la metodología ya que puede diagnosticar máquinas eléctricas independientemente de sus características, del modo en el que la velocidad de la máquina varía y de su modo de funcionamiento (motor o generador).
El desarrollo de la metodología conlleva las siguientes etapas:
(i) Caracterización de las evoluciones de las componentes de falta de asimetría estatórica, rotórica y excentricidad mixta para las máquinas de inducción de rotores de jaula y bobinados en función de la velocidad (deslizamiento) y la frecuencia de alimentación de la red a la que está conectada la máquina.
(ii) Debido a la importancia del procesado de la señal, se realiza una introducción a los conceptos básicos del procesado de señal antes de centrarse en las técnicas actuales de procesado de señal para el diagnóstico de máquinas eléctricas.
(iii) La extracción de las componentes de falta se lleva a cabo a través de tres técnicas de filtrado diferentes: filtros basados en la Transformada Discreta Wavelet, en la Transformada Wavelet Packet y con una nueva técnica de filtrado propuesta en esta tesis, el Filtrado Espectral. Las dos primeras técnicas de filtrado extraen las componentes de falta en el dominio del tiempo mientras que la nueva técnica de filtrado realiza la extracción en el dominio de la frecuencia.
(iv) La extracción de las componentes de falta, en algunos casos, conlleva el desplazamiento de la frecuencia de las componentes de falta. El desplazamiento de la frecuencia se realiza a través de dos técnicas: el Teorema del Desplazamiento de la Frecuencia y la Transformada Hilbert.
(v) A diferencia de otras técnicas ya desarrolladas, la metodología propuesta no se basa exclusivamente en el cálculo de la energía de la componente de falta sino que también estudia la evolución de la frecuencia instantánea de ellas, calculándola a través de dos técnicas diferentes (la Transformada Hilbert y el operador Teager-Kaiser), frente al deslizamiento. La representación de la frecuencia instantánea frente al deslizamiento elimina la posibilidad de diagnósticos falsos positivos mejorando la precisión y la calidad del diagnóstico. Además, la representación de la frecuencia instantánea frente al deslizamiento permite realizar diagnósticos cualitativos que son rápidos y requieren bajos requisitos computacionales.
(vi) Finalmente, debido a la importancia de la automatización de los procesos industriales y para evitar la posible divergencia presente en el diagnóstico cualitativo, tres parámetros objetivos de diagnóstico son desarrollados: el parámetro de la energía, el coeficiente de similitud y los parámetros de regresión. El parámetro de la energía cuantifica la severidad de la falta según su valor y es calculado en el dominio del tiempo y en el dominio de la frecuencia (consecuencia de la extracción de las componentes de falta en el dominio de la frecuencia). El coeficiente de similitud y los parámetros de regresión son parámetros objetivos que permiten descartar diagnósticos falsos positivos aumentando la robustez de la metodología propuesta.
La metodología de diagnóstico propuesta se valida experimentalmente para las faltas de asimetría estatórica y rotórica y para el fallo de excentricidad mixta en máquinas de inducción de rotor de jaula y rotor bobinado alimentadas desde la red eléctrica y desde convertidores de frecuencia en condiciones no estacionarias estocásticas. / Vedreño Santos, FJ. (2013). Diagnosis of electric induction machines in non-stationary regimes working in randomly changing conditions [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34177
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The Ophelia versions : representations of a dramatic type, 1600-1633Benson, Fiona January 2008 (has links)
‘The Ophelia Versions: Representations of a Dramatic Type from 1600-1633’ interrogates early modern drama’s use of the Ophelia type, which is defined in reference to Hamlet’s Ophelia and the behavioural patterns she exhibits: abandonment, derangement and suicide. Chapter one investigates Shakespeare’s Ophelia in Hamlet, finding that Ophelia is strongly identified with the ballad corpus. I argue that the popular ballad medium that Shakespeare imports into the play via Ophelia is a subversive force that contends with and destabilizes the linear trajectory of Hamlet’s revenge tragedy narrative. The alternative space of Ophelia’s ballad narrative is, however, shut down by her suicide which, I argue, is influenced by the models of classical theatre. This ending conspires with the repressive legal and social restrictions placed upon early modern unmarried women and sets up a dangerous precedent by killing off the unassimilated abandoned woman. Chapter two argues that Shakespeare and Fletcher’s The Two Noble Kinsmen amplifies Ophelia’s folk and ballad associations in their portrayal of the Jailer’s Daughter. Her comedic marital ending is enabled by a collaborative, communal, folk-cure. The play nevertheless registers a proto-feminist awareness of the peculiar losses suffered by early modern women in marriage and this knowledge deeply troubles the Jailer’s Daughter’s happy ending. Chapter three explores the role of Lucibella in The Tragedy of Hoffman arguing that the play is a direct response to Hamlet’s treatment of revenge and that Lucibella is caught up in an authorial project of disambiguation which attempts to return the revenge plot to its morality roots. Chapters four and five explore the narratives of Aspatia in The Maid’s Tragedy and Penthea in The Broken Heart, finding in their very conformism to the behaviours prescribed for them, both by the Ophelia type itself and by early modern society in general, a radical protest against the limitations and repressions of those roles. This thesis is consistently invested in the competing dialectics and authorities of oral and textual mediums in these plays. The Ophelia type, perhaps because of Hamlet’s Ophelia’s identification with the ballad corpus, proves an interesting gauge of each play’s engagement with emergent notions of textual authority in the early modern period.
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Experimental and numerical study of a magnetic realization of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a purely organic spin-1/2 quantum magnet (NIT2Py)Moosavi Askari, Reza 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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The impact of disrupted family life and school climate on the self-concept of the adolescentGasa, Velisiwe Goldencia 06 1900 (has links)
This study was undertaken to determine whether a disrupted family life and school climate has an impact on the self-concept of the adolescent. This problem was tackled and investigated from different angles : factors
within the home, factors outside the home, intrapsychic factors, interpersonal factors and school factors. An analysis of the above factors and their impact on the self-concept of the adolescent was done by means of measuring instruments in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the empirical research indicated that the more positive the family and school climate, the more positive the academic, social and emotional self-concept of the adolescent. The educational implications of the findings of the literature and the empirical study are discussed to assist teachers and parents to identify and eliminate factors that cause adolescents from disrupted families to underachieve and have negative self-concepts. / M.Ed. (Socio Education)
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