The subject of the diploma thesis is design of an architectural study of the New synagogue in Trutnov. The first synagogue on this location was destroyed in 1938. Only the foundation system of the first synagogue have been preserved. This architectural study creates space for the recovery of the Jewish community in Trutnov. The Jewish community needs space for daily and spiritual life. The buliding program is therefore divided into two main objects. The synagogue with a prayer room and a mikveh is located on same place as the first synagogue. The preserved foundation system of the first synagogue creates a barrier from the sloping terrain for the new synagogue. This creates a symbiosis of the original and the new. The community center contains spaces for education, administration, catering and celebrations. The location of the community center respects the original villas, which are located close.

In 1793, the British government embarked on a war against Revolutionary France that few expected would last twenty-five years and engulf all of Europe. Radical French policies provided an opportunity for William Pitt, the British prime minister, to endeavor to cobble a European alliance, including a number of Mediterranean states. These efforts never progressed beyond theory and negotiations because of conflicted policy and tension between the British diplomatic corps and Royal Navy over the strategic goals in the region. With diplomats focused on coalition building and military commanders focused on national objectives, British efforts never congealed into a unified effort to defeat Revolutionary France.

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This report presents the design of a conceptual prototype aimed at identifying keys in specific positions inside a cabinet utilizing Radio-frequency identification (RFID)technology. The prototype integrates RFID readers, managed by a microcontroller unit(MCU), establishing a backend peripheral system. The cabinet is made of steel, and given RFID’s sensitivity to nearby metal, experimentation was conducted to evaluate the impact of metal proximity on the reading range. Experimental results reveal a reduction in the reading range of 15 mm (43%) by one metal sheet and 26 mm (74%) by two metal sheets present, highlighting the relation between RFID technology and metallic environments. Additionally, the finished prototype is also presented in the Results and Discussion section, giving a more detailed insight into its practical implementation. This project demonstrates the viability of item-level identification through the utilization of low-frequency readers. Particularly relevant for positional identification, the short reading range of a low-frequency reader offers precision by limiting the area in which a detected transponder may be located. / Denna rapport presenterar designen av en konceptuell prototyp avsedd att identifiera nycklar på specifika positioner i ett skåp med användning av Radio-frequency identification (RFID) teknologi. Prototypen integrerar RFID läsare, hanterade av en microcontroller unit (MCU), och etablerar ett perifert backendsystem. Skåpet är gjort av stål, och givet RFIDs känslighet mot nära metal har experiment utförts för att utvärdera hur metallen påverkar en läsares omfång. Experimentella resultat avslöjar en reduktion i läsarens omfång på 15 mm (43%) med en metallplatta och 26 mm (74%) med tvåmetallplattor närvarande. Dessutom presenteras den färdiga prototypen i Resultat och Diskussionsdelen, för att ge en mer detaljerad insyn på dess praktiska implementation. Detta projektet demonstrerar genomförbarheten av identifikation på artikelnivå genomanvändandet av lågfrekvens läsare. Särskilt relevant för positionell identifikation är det korta omfånget av en lågfrekvens läsare, då detta erbjuder precision genom att begränsaområdet där en transponder kan lokaliseras.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to provide a structural analysis of the second house of the South African Parliament - the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). The study firstly focuses on the theoretical experience of second chambers in general. It then touches on a comparative study of second chambers of selected countries. The study then provides a description of the composition of the second house in South Africa, the committee system employed as well as the information flow. It also explores the concept of co-operative governance, the powers assigned to the NCOP by the Constitution and discusses the method of selecting delegates in detail. In addition the study focuses on the role that the NCOP is expected to play within the national legislative process. This analysis is descriptive in nature and aims to serve as an educational tool for the South African public as well as in the international arena. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n strukturele analise te maak van die tweede kamer van die Suid-Afrikaanse Parlament, die Nasionale Raad van Provinsies (NRVP). Eerstens fokus die studie op die teoretiese ervaring van tweede kamers in geheel. Dit gaan dan verder om sekere vergelykings te tref tussen die tweede kamers van verkose lande. Die studie beskryf onder andere die samestelling van die tweede kamer in Suid- Afrika, hoe die komiteestelsel gebruik word, asook die vloei van informasie binne die NRVP. Die studie gaan ook verder om die konsep van saamwerkende regering en die konstitusionele magte van die instelling te bespreek asook die metode om afgevaardiges te verkies tot die NRVP. Die studie fokus ook op die verwagte rol van die NRVP binne die nasionale wetgewende proses. Hierdie analise is beskrywend van aard en beoog om te dien as 'n opvoedkundige instrument vir die Suid-Afrikaanse publiek asook binne die internasionale arena.

This thesis explores the late-Henrican polity through the archive and perspective of William Paget, Henry VIII's secretary at the end of his reign. Paget's papers as secretary (1543-1547), that form the basis of the thesis, are an extensive, unique and relatively under-used source. From this starting-point Paget's role as secretary is explored and he is revealed as the personal servant of the king, whose natural environment was the court. As such he was an influential source of counsel and perhaps the key patronage-broker at court. In this context Paget also had a significant influence over the operation of the dry stamp at the end of the reign. Equally, Paget's role in shaping the function of the secretary and his relations with the recently formed privy council was of considerable importance, providing the template for later Tudor secretaries. Diplomacy in the uncertain world of the 1540s was one of Paget's primary concerns and his priorities can be seen as trying to provide security and stability for the realm. This is revealed not only in his 'Consultation' of August 1546 but also in his diplomacy with the French, the Schmalkaldic League and the Papacy. In this he sometimes found himself at odds with the king and leading a privy council united in a desire for peace. Politically Paget has traditionally been cast as an ambitious politique, the 'master of practices' and part of the earl of Hertford's reform party. Whilst acknowledging Paget's close relations with Hertford this thesis questions the factional interpretation of the last years of the reign and argues that the predominant concern of Paget and his fellow privy councillors was a peaceful succession in which unanimity rather than conflict was the key-note.

Les travaux de thèse ont permis de quantifier l'efficacité de confinement de deux dispositifs distincts (un poste de sécurité microbiologique et une sorbonne classique) lors de la production simultanée de nanoaérosols et d'un gaz traceur (SF6). Deux techniques de mesure différentes ont été exploitées : la première basée sur la mesure de la distribution granulométrique de l'aérosol s'échappant (SMPS-C), l'autre reposant sur la détection de fluorescence d'échantillons prélevés (fluorescéine sodée utilisée comme marqueur des nanoparticules). Les résultats ont permis d'établir une forte corrélation entre le comportement d'un nanoaérosol et celui d'un gaz traceur lorsqu'ils sont émis simultanément dans une enceinte ventilée. Plus encore, on a observé une rétrodiffusion gazeuse quasiment deux fois plus importante pour le gaz traceur que pour les nanoparticules testées dans différentes configurations. Le dépôt ainsi que l'agglomération présents dans le cas du transport d'un nuage de nanoparticules peuvent expliquer ces écarts dans le niveau global de confinement obtenu. Cependant, ce constat n'est pas un gage de protection suffisante dans la mesure où il n'existe pas de valeur spécifique de référence lors de l'exposition à des nanoparticules. Il est alors utile de respecter les règles de bonne conduite qui ont été définies dans de nombreux guides INRS ou au travers de multiples études de l'IRSN. En plus de ces études expérimentales, le banc d'essai développé à l'INRS a fait l'objet d'une simulation numérique permettant de valider un modèle eulérien de transport et de dépôt implémenté dans un code de CFD destiné à modéliser le comportement d'un nanoaérosol. Les résultats numériques/expérimentaux sont concordants ; les ordres de grandeur des niveaux de confinement atteints sont comparables / The thesis works have enabled us to quantify the containment efficiency of two devices (a microbiological safety cabinet and classical fume hood) during the simultaneous production of nanoaerosols and a tracer gas (SF6). Two different measurement techniques were used: the first based on the measurement of particle size distribution of the escaping aerosol (SMPS-C), the other based on the detection of fluorescence of samples (sodium fluorescein used as marker of nanoparticles). The results have established a strong correlation between the behavior of a nanoaerosols and the tracer gas when they are emitted simultaneously in a ventilated enclosure. More, we observed that tracer gas back diffusion was almost twice greater than for nanoparticles back diffusion in all the tested configurations. The deposit and the agglomeration present in the case of transport of a cloud of nanoparticles can explain these differences in the overall level of containment. However, this observation does not guarantee sufficient protection since there is no specific reference value for nanoparticle exposure. It is useful to observe the guidelines that have been defined in many INRS publications or through IRSN studies. In addition to these experimental studies, the test-rig developed at INRS has been numerically simulated to validate an eulerian transport and deposition model implemented in a CFD code for modeling the behavior of a nanoaerosol. Numerical and experimental results are concordant; orders of magnitude for the achieved containment levels are comparable

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en sciences politiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Radio base stations contain equipment which enables the use of cell phones all around the world. ERICSSON is developing these stations and everything connected to the area, such as electronics, software and hardware. In a new project ERICSSON plans to make their hardware modular, to satisfy all their customers around the world even if their preferences differ. The task that was given to us was to develop a modular locking system to the radio base station cabinets.The concept was developed in an integrated working process that focused on a user centered final product. The process included the definition of the problem, preliminary studies of areas which are connected to the problem and a summary of the demands that the customers mediated in a list of requirements. The idea generation generated lots of ideas that later on were developed into different concepts. The concepts were evaluated before the final decision was made together with ERICSSON.The final product is a lifting handle connected to a rod and latch system, which already existed. A new mechanical function was created to make the new handle function with the old system. The locking system is modular and it is possible to choose which way to lock the handle, with a cylinder lock or a padlock. Only one module, the cylinder in the middle, needs to be switched to get the other solution. The other parts are the same; this makes the product modular. The lift handle is an entire new design, developed in the project.