This essay studies how women are represented in three museum exhibitions. The exhibitions are the Museum Gustavianum exhibition of the history of the University from the 1800s to the present day, the viking exhibition Valsgärde and the Uppsala University Coin Cabinet. The methods used in the study are Thick Description and Wera Grahn’s analyticcal tool, Five Questions to an Exhibition. As the theoretical foundations of my study I have used Hirdman's gender system and Butler’s concepts of performance and the heterosexual matrix.   The results of the study show that women and men are displayed in different places in the exhibitions. The language and the way of speaking about women in the exhibitions often differed from how the men were presented. It also became clear that there were few items related to women in the exhibitions. Based on how women are represented in the exhibitions, one can conclude that museums are part of the gender system as maintainers and co-creators.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les pratiques des consultants dans la gestion des risques psychosociaux au travail (RPS). Phénomène au cœur de l'actualité mais mal défini, les RPS peuvent faire l'objet d'une approche restrictive, tendant à individualiser le risque, à limiter la responsabilité de l'employeur et à soigner le travailleur ; ou d'une approche élargie, appréhendant la dimension organisationnelle du risque, étendant la responsabilité de l'employeur et soignant le travail et son organisation. Il s'agit d'un champ stratégique autour de l'imputation de la responsabilité du risque, opposant principalement employeurs et représentants du personnel.Sur la base d'un échantillon de 37 consultants et d'une démarche exploratoire qualitative, ancrée dans le paradigme interprétativiste pragmatique, nous avons souligné l'hétérogénéité de leurs pratiques, pouvant se traduire dans le choix du commanditaire, le profil disciplinaire du consultant, le contexte d'intervention et les modalités de questionnement, d'analyse et de « mise en marche » de la démarche. Il existe ainsi trois « pratiques-type » : les pratiques co-constructives, adaptatives et militantes. Inscrits dans une logique de marché, les consultants sont des acteurs hybrides, oscillant entre co-construction et adaptation, voire militantisme, en fonction des marges de manœuvre et des besoins du commanditaire. Un second terrain d'enquête, un établissement de soins privé ayant eu recours à l'intervention d'un consultant, a permis de mettre en évidence l'une des limites des pratiques des consultants : la « réappropriation stratégique » des préconisations et du contenu du rapport de mission par l'employeur. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze consultants' practices in psychosocial risks (PSR) management. Phenomenon at the heart of news but without consensual definition, PSR have both approaches: a restrictive one individualizes the risk, limits employer's responsibility and promotes individual care; a broader one considers the organizational dimension of the risk, extends employer's responsibility and promotes work and organization care. This is a strategic field around risk responsibility allocation, putting employers against union representatives.We conducted an exploratory qualitative study at the pragmatic interpretativist paradigm, using a consultant sample (n=37). We showed the consultants' practices heterogeneity around customer/sponsor, specialization, context and PSR management characteristics. Three “practices-type” exist: co-constructives, adaptatives and activists practices. Consultants are hybrids actors from the perspective of competitive market logic: their practices fluctuate between co-constructives and adaptatives practices, even activists ones. We also performed a second field work highlighted one limit of consultants' practices: the “strategic re-appropriation”of recommandations by employer.

Doctor of Philosophy / Responsible Government began in New South Wales in 1856. Direct participation by women began 70 years later in 1925 with the election of Millicent Preston-Stanley. Her first speech questioned whether Parliament was a fit place for women. Another significant milestone was reached after another 70 years when female MLAs in the Fifty-first Parliament constituted 15% of the Legislative Assembly and female MLCs made up 33% of the Legislative Council. In the 1990s there was no formal barrier to the participation of persons on the basis of their sex but no scholarly study had addressed the question of whether the Parliament’s culture was open to all gender orientations. This study examines the hypothesis that the Parliament informally favoured some types of gender behaviour over others. It identifies ‘gender’ as behaviour rather than a characteristic of persons and avoids the conflation of gender with sex, and particularly with women exclusively. The research used interviews, observation and document study for triangulation. The thesis describes the specific context of New South Wales parliamentary politics 1995-1999 with an emphasis on factors that affect an understanding of gender. It explores notions of representation held by MPs, analyses their personal backgrounds and reports on gender-rich behaviours in the chambers. The study concludes that gender was a significant factor in the behaviour of Members of the Parliament. There were important differences between the ways that male and female MPs approached their roles. Analysis of the concept of gender in the Parliament shows that some behaviours are more likely to bring political success than are others. The methodology developed here by adapting literature from other systems has important strengths. The data suggest that there is a need for many more detailed studies of aspects of gender in parliaments.

L'objet de ce mémoire consiste à réfléchir à l'influence philosophique, stylistique et esthétique qu'exercent les mécanismes de la collection sur les pratiques textuelles d'Italo Calvino (1923-1985) : Les villes invisibles, Palomar et Collection de sable. Afin de décrire la collection comme pratique et de la définir comme mode de pensée, notre étude prendra appui sur les travaux des plus importants théoriciens de la collection que sont Jean Baudrillard, Walter Benjamin, Krzysztof Pomian, Roger Cardinal, John Elsner et Dominique Pety. Le premier chapitre permettra de démontrer qu'en valorisant l'unique et le singulier tout en étant nécessairement sériels et pluriels, les recueils de Calvino empruntent leur forme et leur thématique à la collection ; poétique de la sérialité, écriture de la liste, multiplication des dispositifs d'emboîtement et exigence de classement sont autant de signes de cette littérature du recensement qui seront étudiés. Ce premier chapitre sera aussi l'occasion de montrer que la collection, en tant que mode d'appropriation du savoir, constitue pour Italo Calvino une composante du champ épistémologique. À son image, les recueils de l'écrivain italien produisent un réseau d'échos qui multiplient les correspondances entre les textes qu'ils rassemblent ; la dernière partie de ce premier chapitre envisagera ce système comme un cabinet de curiosités hypertextuel. Le deuxième chapitre, quant à lui, abordera la dimension éthique de la collection qui s'ouvre chez Calvino sur les questions conjointes du souvenir, de la mémoire et de la « récollection ». Dans Les villes invisibles, Palomar et Collection de sable, en effet, l'écrivain met en branle une entreprise de mémoire individuelle et collective qui repose sur la collecte de traces mnésiques. Ce chapitre permettra d'éprouver avec l'auteur les limites de son projet et de se poser, avec lui, la question suivante : est-il vraiment possible de collectionner le sable? S'il peut effectivement être recueilli, il reste qu'une interrogation subsiste : le sable totalise-t-il vraiment la mémoire qu'il tente de préserver et, éventuellement, de ranimer? ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Italo Calvino, Collection, Mémoire, Encyclopédie, Cabinet de curiosités, Les villes invisibles, Palomar, Collection de sable

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Doctor of Philosophy / Responsible Government began in New South Wales in 1856. Direct participation by women began 70 years later in 1925 with the election of Millicent Preston-Stanley. Her first speech questioned whether Parliament was a fit place for women. Another significant milestone was reached after another 70 years when female MLAs in the Fifty-first Parliament constituted 15% of the Legislative Assembly and female MLCs made up 33% of the Legislative Council. In the 1990s there was no formal barrier to the participation of persons on the basis of their sex but no scholarly study had addressed the question of whether the Parliament’s culture was open to all gender orientations. This study examines the hypothesis that the Parliament informally favoured some types of gender behaviour over others. It identifies ‘gender’ as behaviour rather than a characteristic of persons and avoids the conflation of gender with sex, and particularly with women exclusively. The research used interviews, observation and document study for triangulation. The thesis describes the specific context of New South Wales parliamentary politics 1995-1999 with an emphasis on factors that affect an understanding of gender. It explores notions of representation held by MPs, analyses their personal backgrounds and reports on gender-rich behaviours in the chambers. The study concludes that gender was a significant factor in the behaviour of Members of the Parliament. There were important differences between the ways that male and female MPs approached their roles. Analysis of the concept of gender in the Parliament shows that some behaviours are more likely to bring political success than are others. The methodology developed here by adapting literature from other systems has important strengths. The data suggest that there is a need for many more detailed studies of aspects of gender in parliaments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:18:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 120366.pdf: 18519895 bytes, checksum: 9b2538e92ad75f533f1ec5b8476c059a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Inventory of Invasive Species, 2014 artistic experiment accomplished during my Master s degree research It inspired by the traditional curiosities cabinets. Each, portable cabinet consists of botanical illustrations, photographs, herbarium species, tinctures, people s narratives and symbolic objects concern to the cultural imaginary of invasive plants. The inventory interpolates the worlds of art and science, specifically biology. The development of this work was motivated by the works of the artists, Walmor Correa, Juan Fontcuberta, Mark Dion, Agnes Meyer-Brandis, as well as the philosophical fiction Vampyroteuthis Infernalis Flusser that has the collaboration of Louis Bec and the interviews with Marta de Menezes, Leonel Moura and Ivan Henriques, artists who work in this border of art/science. The interviews focused on the collaboration between the artists and scientists, technologies and research laboratories científica1 access, showing some of the possibilities for this context. / Inventário de Espécies Invasoras, 2014 experimento artístico realizado durante minha pesquisa de mestrado inspira-se nos gabinetes de curiosidades tradicionais. Cada gabinete, portátil, é composto por ilustrações botânicas, fotografias, exsicatas, tinturas, narrativas de pessoas e objetos simbólicos referentes ao imaginário cultural das plantas invasoras. O inventário interpola os universos da arte e da ciência, em específico a biologia. O desenvolvimento do trabalho teve como motivação as obras dos artistas Walmor Correa, Juan Fontcuberta, Mark Dion, Agnes Meyer-Brandis, a ficção filosófica Vampyroteuthis Infernalis de Vilém Flusser em colaboração com Louis Bec, e as entrevistas realizadas com Marta de Menezes, Leonel Moura e Ivan Henriques, artistas que atuam nesta fronteira arte/ciência. As entrevistas focaram as colaborações entre os artistas e os cientistas, o acesso às tecnologias e aos laboratórios de pesquisa científica, mostrando algumas das possibilidades de criação nesse contexto.

Entablure entre les pouvoirs exécutif et législatif, et donc organe administratif essentiel au fonctionnement de tout État moderne, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement est pourtant une des institutions administratives françaises les plus méconnues.Existant dans tous les pays, sous des formes très variées, depuis plus ou moins longtemps, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement est apparu en France dès la Révolution de 1789, le Directoire entérinant sa création par le Comité de salut public. Il s’est maintenu de manière quasi ininterrompue jusqu’à aujourd’hui, jouant un rôle d’autant plus actif que l’instabilité politique était forte. Sous la IVème République, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement et son secrétaire général ont assuré la permanence de l’État, en compensant l’instabilité chronique du politique.Le positionnement du Secrétariat général auprès du Premier ministre induit la question de sa nature, politique ou administrative. Car le choix n’a pas toujours été fait d’y nommer un haut fonctionnaire neutre et étranger au pouvoir politique, de l’Empire au Front populaire.Dans sa forme moderne, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, qui s’est progressivement structuré en une administration peu nombreuse, de très haut niveau et stable, est bien un organe administratif : la permanence exceptionnelle des secrétaires généraux le montre parfaitement.Sous la Vème République, la stabilité du pouvoir politique ne l’a pas affaibli. Son rôle d’organisateur du Conseil des ministres a été conforté. Au-delà de sa fonction de coordination du travail gouvernemental, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement exerce aujourd’hui de nouvelles missions, comme la défense de la loi devant le Conseil constitutionnel, le suivi de l’application des lois. En outre, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement a développé sa fonction d’intermédiaire entre le Parlement et le Gouvernement.Preuve de l’importance du Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, la tendance récente à le tenir en dehors du processus décisionnel altère fortement l’efficacité de l’État. / The French Cabinet secretariat, pivot of executive and legislative powers, and therefore being a necessary administrative organ to the operating of any modern State, is still one of the lesser known French administrative structure.Having existed in varied forms in all countries, the Cabinet secretariat appeared in France the same time as the French Revolution in 1789. It was created by the “Comité de Salut public” and its creation was insured by the Directoire. The Cabinet secretariat lasted until today almost without interruption, playing a role which’s importance increased as political instability increased. Under the 4th Republic, the Cabinet secretariat secured the continuity of the State, through the balancing of chronic political instability.Its ties to the Prime minister raises the question of its true nature, be it political or administrative. In fact, from the “1st Empire” to the “Front Populaire”, the choice was not always made to appoint an administrator who would have been fully neutral and uninvolved to the political power.In its current form, the Cabinet secretariat is well an administrative body, that became progressively supported by a small, stable, but high-leveled administration. The extraordinary permanence of the Cabinet secretariat illustrates it perfectly.Under the 5th Republic, the steadiness of political power did not weaken the Cabinet secretariat. Its function as an organiser of the Council of the ministers even strengthened its role. Beyond its responsibility of coordinating the governmental work, it has been charged with new duties, like the defense of a law before the “Conseil constitutionnel”, the inspection of the questions of constitutional validity,or the monitoring of the application of laws. Besides, the Cabinet secretariat developed its function of a go-between between the Parliament and the Government, without even infringing upon the role of the minister in charge with the relations with the Parliament.One rebuttal evidence of the importance of the Cabinet secretariat is the relatively new tendency to maintain the Cabinet secretariat out of the decision-taking process of the State, which has for consequence a violently diminished general efficiency of the State.