Bakgrund: En stor revision av lagstiftningen för tvångsvård skedde 2008 då lagen om öppen psykiatrisk tvångsvård [ÖPT] tillkom. En av intentionerna med lagstiftningen var att användandet av tvångsåtgärder skulle minska, och patienter som får vård i ÖPT vistas i regel i sitt hem. Det finns dock bestämmelser att förhålla sig till för den som får öppen tvångsvård, vårdformen är tämligen omfattande och påverkar nästan alla aspekter av en individs vardag. Studier om vilka erfarenheter och upplevelser patienterna faktiskt har av att vårdas i ÖPT är dock sällsynta. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att vårdas i öppen psykiatrisk tvångsvård Metod: Åtta patienter som vårdas i öppen psykiatrisk tvångsvård har ingått som deltagare i studien. Det är en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie, intervjuerna var individuella och analyserades med en manifest metod för att synliggöra patienternas egna ord om sina erfarenheter. Resultat: Resultatet beskrevs genom temat: Begränsningar och möjligheter, och visade att flertalet områden i deltagarnas liv berördes. Resultatet kunde sammanfattas i fem huvudkategorier: Att känna sig begränsad i sin vardag; Att känna vanmakt av att inte bli trodd och inte kunna påverka; Att känna sig utanför och inte förstå sina rättigheter; Att känna sig involverad av att bli sedd och hörd samt Att vårdens innehåll är viktigare än formen. Slutsats: Att vårdas i ÖPT innebär att känna sig begränsad, men slutsatsen är att denna erfarenhet till viss del kan hänga samman med otillräcklig medvetenhet hos patienter om vad ÖPT och dess villkor innebär. Vården misslyckas i vissa fall att tillgodose patienters behov av och rätt till information, och det finns uppenbara brister i att involvera både patienter liksom anhöriga i utformandet av vården, samt hur vården tar hänsyn till patienters lagliga rättigheter. Vården kan också bli bättre på att ge patienter personligt anpassad information samt tro på patientens önskan att medverka. Att patienter bjuds in till diskussion och medverkan kan öka möjligheter till förståelse och acceptans för vårdbehovet, att ges utrymme att få uttrycka sin åsikt samt ha möjlighet att påverka stärker också autonomi. Det är även betydelsefullt för patienterna att finnas i ett sammanhang, omvårdnadspersonal behöver därför tillvarata de erfarenheter som beskrivs som främjade och arbeta motiverande. Det finns positiva konsekvenser av vårdformen, såsom ökat stöd som ett resultat av tvingande samverkan. Men vi drar slutsatsen av att finns betydande brister, varför det är ett angeläget område i behov av översyn gällande hur patienters lagliga rättigheter tillgodoses.

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This study examines the relationship between syntactic and pragmatic language and reticence, solitary-active passive withdrawal, solitary-passive withdrawal, prosocial skills, and likeability. The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2), a language checklist, and Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS), a behavior checklist, were completed by three 2nd-grade teachers and three 4th-grade teachers about each of their students. Factor analysis was used to determine two composite language measures from the CCC-2 scales. The results of two hierarchal regression analyses indicated that social behaviors were significant predictors of pragmatic language, but not structural language. In particular, solitary-passive withdrawal and reticence were significant predictors of pragmatic language deficits.

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近年來，中國的經濟表現受眾人稱羨之餘，實質固定匯率政策卻為人所詬病。然而，中國人民銀行於 2005 年 7 月 21 日公告一套以市場供需為基準的管理浮動匯率制度後，人民幣遂開始逐步升值並連帶地牽動亞洲其他國家幣值變化。為瞭解人民幣變動對亞洲四小龍國家幣值的外溢效果，本文利用動態條件相關係數模型，透過人民幣和亞洲四小龍貨幣的無本金交割遠期外匯分析相關係數。最後發現，人民幣和四小龍貨幣間存在不同程度的正相關，且此動態相關性自 2008 年起日與俱增。

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The theoretical and practical importance of working capital management (Sharma & Kumar, 2011) and its strong link with the firm’s financial stability (Wang et al., 2020, p. 2; Kamel 2015, p. 35) make it one of the most important functional areas of corporate finance. Although literature and the corporate world recognize corporate sustainability mainly through corporate social responsibility (CSR), ESG emerged in the recent past and quickly made its strong footfall as an indicator of corporate sustainability. Literature is evident that studies have mainly focused on studying both working capital management (WCM) and corporate sustainability in relation to firm financial performance (FFP), while scant research has assessed the relationship between WCM and corporate sustainability (Barros et al., 2022, p. 1). The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate sustainability and WCM in the Swedish market to fill this gap in the literature and contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the subject matter through its findings, especially with reference to the use of ESG rating scores.  The relationship was examined through the quantitative approach. Sample data was comprised of 418 firm-year observations retrieved from Refinitiv Eikon on 38 firms listed on Nasdaq Stockholm between 2010-2020. ESG rating scores were used to measure corporate sustainability, while two proxy measures; cash conversion cycle (CCC) and working capital requirements (WCR) were for WCM. Stata software was used to find the results of the study by running the pertinent regression models using robust standard errors. Various statistical tests were performed to satisfy all the OLS classical assumptions. The empirical results of our study revealed mixed findings. The findings connected to CCC indicated no statistically significant relationship between ESG scores and CCC which allowed us to conclude that sustainable firms in Sweden do not operate with a shorter CCC (or cash cycle). The findings connected to WCR indicated a significant negative relationship of WCR with the environmental and social score, however no relationship with ESG and governance scores. These results allowed us to conclude that sustainable firms in Sweden are able to operate with WCR (or cash requirements), however, these effects entirely come from the environmental and social pillars, which indirectly implies more sustainable firms can operate with lower levels of debt than their counterparts. Since we found no significant effect from the ESG scores for both CCC and WCR, our findings were partially in line with the shareholder theory, the stakeholders’ theory, and the legitimacy theory we used as theoretical references in our study. The overall findings of our study allow us to suggest sustainable firms in Sweden reconsider their working capital policy decisions to achieve working capital efficiency (a shorter cash cycle) while staying aligned with their sustainability goals.

Dans l'optique d'une modification du système international d'unités (SI), le LNE développe l'expérience du triangle métrologique (ETM). Cette expérience consiste à appliquer la loi d'Ohm à l'aide des effets Hall quantique pour la résistance, Josephson pour la tension et tunnel à un électron (SET) pour le courant. L'objectif est d'augmenter notre connaissance de la cohérence des constantes impliquées dans ces phénomènes.<br />Dans ce cadre, nous nous somme intéressés dans cette thèse à la possibilité d'utiliser les pompes à électrons de type R à 3 jonctions de façon métrologique autour de 10 pA. Notre montage expérimental est conçu afin de mesurer le courant quantifié généré par le dispositif en utilisant un comparateur cryogénique de courants (CCC).<br />Les principaux résultats ont été obtenus avec une pompe fabriquée par la PTB couplée à un CCC connecté en contre-réaction interne, i.e. utilisé comme un amplificateur de courant et ne donnant qu'une valeur relative du courant. Ces expériences ont permis de montrer l'existence de marches de courant jusqu'à environ 16 pA et une stabilité du courant généré par le dispositif sur des temps longs, indépendamment de la fréquence de pompage jusqu'à 100 MHz. Le niveau de bruit blanc est de 10-15 fA/Hz^(1/2) et, après 7 heures de mesure à une fréquence de 100 MHz, une incertitude relative de type A de 4.10^(-6) a été atteinte.<br />La dernière partie de ce travail présente la première réalisation directe de l'ETM. Dans ce cas, le courant généré par la pompe traverse une résistance étalonnée et la tension aux bornes de celle-ci est comparée à la tension délivrée par un réseau Josephson. Les premiers résultats qui sont présentés semblent prometteurs.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was the longest serving president in the history of the United States, and he served during the U.S.’s worst economic crisis. During his tenure, approximately 80,000 public school teachers were left unemployed and 145,700 students had their schools closed. Furthermore, public schools and their teachers were under attack for the large number of unemployed and illiterate people. Despite these public school challenges, the literature rarely mentions FDR’s reactions or thoughts; instead, the literature focuses on the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the National Youth Administration (NYA), two New Deal youth programs. The New Deal assisted many institutions, and educators assumed public schools would also receive assistance. Under FDR, the federal government became increasingly involved in the lives of its citizens in terms of housing, food, transportation, and employment, but it did not increase its involvement in education. In this dissertation, I decipher FDR’s educational policies by analyzing his administrative actions that supported or hindered education from 1933-1940. In particular, did FDR’s governmental programs emphasize or encourage the education of youth? Did his administrative decisions support public schools? What was FDR’s policy towards federal aid to education and why? Additionally, by analyzing how educational policies were developed within FDR’s administration, educators today will better discern how they can influence policies during each step of the policymaking process. In doing so, educators will be better prepared and positioned to support American schools.

M. Tech. (Department of Cost and Management Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Working capital management is an important aspect in the business in order to meet its daily activities. Permanent working capital, temporary working capital, gross working capital and net working capital are four types of working capital. The construction industry, as compared to any other industry, plays an important role in the economic growth of the country. The construction industry is regarded as the largest employer in the labour market and appropriate management of liquidity is essential. Construction contracts are divided into lump sum contracts, unit price contracts and cost plus a fee contracts and have the following role players: employer, employer’s representative, professional team, contractor, sub-contractor and adjudicator. This study analysed the relationship between working capital management and financial performance of JSE listed construction companies during the period 2009-2019. Annual financial statements, which included statement of financial position and statement of financial performance of all listed construction companies during the period 2009-2019 were extracted from the external database (IRESS) to obtain the data needed for statistical analysis. This study used a quantitative research method to analyse the relationship between working capital management and financial performance. Multiple linear regression and correlation analysis were used in this study with inventory conversion period (ICP), average collection period (ACP) and average payment period (APP) as independent variables and return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and gross operating profit (GOP) as dependent variables, in order to analyse the relationship between working capital management and financial performance of JSE-listed construction companies during the period 2009-2019. Results of this study indicated that working capital management has little or no influence on the financial performance of JSE-listed construction companies, therefore, this indicates that listed construction companies in South Africa need to manage their working capital properly by putting some new policies in place on their accounts payables and receivables, in order to have a relationship between working capital management and financial performance.