Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil comportamental e a competência social de crianças e adolescentes, filhos de mulheres com esquizofrenia, e compará-los com crianças da mesma faixa etária e sexo, filhos de mulheres sem transtorno mental grave. Para a avaliação das crianças e adolescentes foram utilizados o Inventário de Comportamentos para Infância e Adolescência (Child Behavior Checklist- CBCL) e o Inventário de Comportamentos Auto-Referidos para Adolescentes (Youth Self Report- YSR). Os filhos de mulheres com esquizofrenia apresentaram maior proporção de problemas de internalização e de problemas com o pensamento, principalmente para as crianças que moravam com a mãe com esquizofrenia, quando comparados a crianças e adolescentes do grupo comparativo com mães sem transtornos mentais / The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior profile and social competence of children and adolescents of schizophrenic mothers, and compare it with children of the same age and gender of mothers without any severe mental disorder. To evaluate children and adolescents the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR) were used. The children of schizophrenic mothers had a higher proportion of internalizing problems and of thought problems, mostly for children living with their schizophrenic mothers, when compared to children and adolescents of mothers without any psychiatric disorder

A Odontopediatria e a Psicologia se inter-relacionam e completam, principalmente quando existe necessidade de atendimento odontopediátrico. Quando o paciente é criança em idade pré-escolar, torna-se imperioso uma interação entre estas áreas, para que o resultado final traga benefícios para o paciente. A observação do comportamento das crianças em Odontopediatria é ferramenta importante para a elaboração do plano de tratamento. Levantamento bibliográfico sobre instrumentos para avaliação do comportamento de crianças em ambiente odontológico, mostrou que escalas eram o instrumento mais utilizado, porém, não se encontrou escalas aplicáveis às faixas etárias abaixo de 36 meses. Predominantemente, escalas para avaliação de comportamento estavam direcionadas a medir medo e ansiedade, pressupondo sua existência. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se elaborar e aplicar uma escala observacional para avaliação do comportamento, em primeira consulta odontológica, em crianças entre um e três anos de idade. A escala foi denominada EOCI – Escala de Observação do Comportamento Infantil. A finalidade era avaliar o comportamento em todas as etapas do primeiro atendimento, identificando o grau de cooperação e participação, e não quantificar ou classificar a presença de medo ou ansiedade. A escala foi aplicada em 398 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, oriundos de classes sociais e estruturas familiares diversas, freqüentando creches, pré-escolas ou no próprio lar. Os materiais utilizados foram: vestimenta seguindo as normas para profissionais de saúde; o ambiente foi sempre um consultório odontológico com o equipamento mínimo necessário para atendimento sem procedimento; como instrumental foi utilizado um espelho clínico e o material impresso constou de: convite aos pais, questionário de dados demográficos e sociais do paciente, termo de consentimento informado para pais ou responsáveis e folheto de orientação aos pais sobre como se comportar durante o atendimento. O procedimento consistiu em uma seqüência de atendimento simples, desde a entrada da criança na sala, apresentação aos equipamentos básicos, exame clínico e saída da criança, sempre acompanhada por um dos pais. A EOCI – Escala de Observação do Comportamento Infantil foi desenvolvida seguindo critérios de padronização e normatização. Consta de dez itens, com cinco possíveis respostas para cada um, relacionados ao ambiente, equipamentos, instrumentais e à própria pessoa do Odontopediatra e as respostas estão relacionadas a tipos de comportamentos que as crianças podem apresentar durante este primeiro contato. Após a avaliação da criança somaram-se as pontuações, obtendo-se um escore final. Com a análise estatística dos dados em quartis, chegou-se a uma classificação dividida em quatro níveis, correspondentes a quatro padrões de comportamentos de cooperação / não cooperação. Estes padrões são também apresentados em tabelas divididas por idade, sexo e comportamento, onde é possível localizar o escore individual e comparar com a classificação da amostra. Observou-se que a maioria das crianças sem experiência prévia com situação odontológica não apresenta medo. Também se pode afirmar que a maioria das crianças apresenta um comportamento cooperativo com o dentista durante seu atendimento, quando este é realizado nestas circunstâncias. Concluiu-se que a escala pode ser uma ferramenta útil para auxiliar o odontopediatra na realização de um exame clínico completo e como preditor do comportamento de cooperação futura. / Pedodontology and the Psychology are interrelated and complementary areas, mainly when the need of interventionist treatment exists. When the patient is a preschool age child, an interaction among these areas becomes imperious so that the final result brings benefits to the patient. The observation of the children's behavior in Pedodontics is an important tool for the elaboration of the treatment plan. Gathering of bibliographical data showed that the scales were the most commonly used instrument to evaluate children's behavior. However, it was not found any that could be applicable in the age groups below 36 months. Predominantly, the behavior evaluating scales were focused on measuring fear and anxiety, presupposing their existence. In this research, we elaborated and applied an observacional scale for evaluation of the behavior, in a first attendance, in children between one and three years. The scale was denominated CBOS – Children’s Behavior Observation Scale. The purpose was to evaluate the behavior in all the stages of the first attendance, identifying the cooperation degree and participation, and not to quantify or classify the presence of fear or anxiety. The scale was applied in 398 subjects of both sexes, with all sort of social and family backgrounds, frequenting day cares, pre-schools or at their own home. The materials used were: clothes following the rules for health professionals; the environment was always an odontological clinic with the minimum equipment necessary for the attendance without procedure; as the instrumental a clinical mirror was used and the printed paper material consisted of: invitation to the parents, questionnaire of the patient's demographic and social data, term of informed consent for the parents or the person responsible for the child and orientation pamphlet to the parents on how they should behave during the attendance. The procedure consisted of a sequence of simple attendance, from the child's entrance in the room, presentation to the basic equipments, clinical exam and the child's exit always together with one of the parents. The CBOS – Children’s Behavior Observation Scale was developed following criteria of standardization and normatization. It consists of ten items, with five possible answers for each one, related to the atmosphere, equipment, instrumental and to the own person of Pediatric Dentistry and the answers are related to types of behaviors that the children could present during this first contact. After the child's evaluation the obtained punctuations were added being obtained a final score. With the statistical analysis of the data in quartis, we came to a classification divided in four levels corresponding to four patterns of cooperation behaviors / no cooperation. These patterns are also presented in tables divided by age, sex and behavior, where it is possible to locate the individual score and to compare with the classification of the sample. It was observed that most of the children inexperienced with odontological situation don't present fear. We can also affirm that most of the children present a cooperative behavior with the dentist during his attendance, when this is done under these circumstances. As a conclusion it was observed that the scale can be a useful tool to aid pediatric dentistry to perform a complete clinical exam and as a predictor of the future cooperation behavior.

Conviver em família nuclear intacta tem sido considerado uma condição de proteção ao desenvolvimento infantil, sendo a convivência com a depressão materna e com práticas educativas parentais negativas reconhecidas como adversidades. Objetivou-se comparar e verificar as possíveis associações das práticas educativas parentais de mães e de pais de famílias nucleares intactas, diferenciadas em dois grupos, um com mães com indicadores de depressão e outro com mães sem indicadores de depressão, tendo como foco os aspectos comportamentais das crianças, em idade escolar. Avaliou-se 42 famílias nucleares intactas, compostas por pai, mãe e filho (a), distribuídas em: G1 17 famílias, cujas mães apresentaram indicadores atuais de depressão e G2 25 famílias, cujas mães não apresentaram indicadores atuais de depressão. As crianças, de ambos os sexos tinham idades entre oito e 10 anos, frequentavam o ensino fundamental em ano compatível com a idade, e por meio delas, nas escolas, identificou-se as famílias. Procedeu-se à coleta de dados em um único encontro com cada família, em sessões individuais, face a face, primeiro com o pai, seguida da mãe e criança. Com pais e mães aplicou-se o Inventário de Estilos Parentais e o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades; com as mães, aplicou-se ainda o Questionário sobre a saúde do paciente e um Questionário Geral; e com as crianças aplicou-se o teste Matrizes Coloridas Progressivas de Raven. Os dados foram tratados por procedimentos estatísticos, adotando-se p0,05. Verificou-se com significância estatística que: 1. nas comparações mães e pais , as mães apresentaram mais práticas positivas que os pais ( mães = 21,60 e pais = 20,31) e mais monitoria positiva ( mães = 11,24 e pais = 10,10 ) ; 2. nas comparações de G1 em relação a G2, as mães de G1 avaliaram mais dificuldades comportamentais em suas crianças ( G1 = 15,35 e G2 = 10,20) , e apresentaram mais monitoria negativa ( G1 = 8,71 e G2 = 7,52) ; 3. nas comparações crianças com problemas de comportamento (CP) em relação as sem problemas (SP), as mães e pais apresentaram mais práticas negativas para as crianças com problema comportamentais (Mães- CP = 26,22 e SP =17,09; Pais- CP = 21,78 e SP = 17,18). Foram verificadas correlações significativas:1.nas avaliações das mães- entre problemas de comportamento das crianças e mais práticas educativas negativas (r=0,562) e menos prática educativa positiva (r=0,431), e ainda, a depressão materna apresentou correlação com Problema de Conduta (r=0,341); 2. nas avaliações dos pais- problemas de comportamento das crianças e mais disciplina relaxada (r=0,414) . Os dados evidenciaram que mesmo na condição de convivência em famílias nucleares intactas as crianças que convivem com a depressão materna estão expostas a mais práticas negativas, assim como as crianças com dificuldades comportamentais. Considera-se que tais dados podem contribuir para o planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e intervenção em saúde mental. / Living in an intact nuclear family has been regarded as a protective factor for child development, while living with maternal depression and negative parenting practices are considered adversities. The objective was to compare and verify potential associations of the parenting practices of mothers and fathers of intact nuclear families, assigned to two groups, one with mothers presenting depression and another with mothers with no indication of depression, focusing on the behavior of school-aged children. A total of 42 intact nuclear families composed of a father, mother and child were assessed according to: G1 17, families whose mothers presented current indicators of depression and G2 25, families whose mothers did not present current indicators of depression. Children, of both sexes were aged between eight and 10 years old and attended primary school in grades compatible to their ages. These families were recruited through their children at their schools. Data were collected in a single meeting with each family in individual sessions. A face-to-face interview was held, first with the father, followed by the mother and then, the child. The Parenting Style Inventory and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were applied to both fathers and mothers; the Patient Health Questionnaire and a general questionnaire were also applied to the mothers, while the Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices was applied to the children. Data were statistically analyzed, adopting p0.05. Differences with statistical significance were found in regard to: 1. Comparison between mothers and fathers, in which mothers more frequently than fathers presented positive practices ( mothers = 21.60 and fathers = 20.31) and positive monitoring ( mothers = 11.24 and fathers = 10.10); 2. Comparison between G1 and G2: G1 mothers more frequently reported their children presenting behavior problems ( G1 = 15.35 and G2 = 10.20), and also more frequently presented negative monitoring ( G1 = 8.71 and G2 = 7.52); 3. Comparison between the children with behavior problems (BP) and children without behavior problems (No BP) showed that mothers and fathers more frequently presented negative practices toward children with behavior problems (Mothers- BP = 26.22 and No BP =17.09; Fathers- BP=21.78 and No BP=17.18). Significant correlations were found in regard to: 1. Mothers assessment, between childrens behavior problems and more frequent negative parenting practices (r=0.562) and less frequent positive parenting practices (r=0.431), while maternal depression was correlated with Conduct Disorder (r=0.341); 2. Fathers assessment, between childrens behavior problems and more permissive parenting (r=0.414). Data show that even when living in intact nuclear families, children facing maternal depression are more frequently exposed to negative practices, as well as children with behavior problems. These findings can contribute to the planning of preventive and interventional strategies in mental health.

A depressão materna é reconhecida como uma adversidade que incide sobre o ambiente familiar, mostrando-se associada a problemas comportamentais em escolares. Verifica-se a demanda por estudos que abordem condições de risco e proteção do ambiente familiar e que avaliem as crianças por múltiplos informantes. Objetivou-se: (a) comparar e correlacionar os recursos e eventos estressores do ambiente familiar de crianças que convivem com a depressão materna e que apresentam problemas de comportamento, com os apresentados por crianças que convivem com mães sem depressão e que não apresentam problemas comportamentais; e (b) comparar e correlacionar os comportamentos das crianças, segundo a avaliação das suas mães e professoras. Adotou-se um delineamento transversal e avaliou-se uma amostra de conveniência composta por 85 díades mães-crianças, distribuídas em: G1 = 26 mães com indicadores de depressão e crianças com problemas comportamentais; G2 = 29 mães sem indicadores de depressão e crianças com problemas comportamentais e G3 = 30 mães sem indicadores de depressão e crianças sem problemas comportamentais. Foram incluídas crianças de ambos os sexos, de sete a 10 anos. Procedeu-se à avaliação primeiramente com as mães, seguida das crianças e professoras. Foram aplicados com as mães, em sessão única, face a face, os instrumentos: Questionário Geral, Questionário sobre a Saúde do Paciente, Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar, Escala de Eventos Adversos, Escala de Adversidade Crônica e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ). As crianças foram avaliadas quanto ao nível intelectual pelo teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven Escala Especial. As professoras responderam ao SDQ - professores, precedido de informações sobre o desempenho escolar das crianças. Os dados obtidos foram codificados de acordo com as proposições técnicas e procedeu-se a análise dos mesmos por procedimentos estatísticos, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5% (p0,05). Quando das comparações entre os grupos verificou-se com diferenças significativas, que: as famílias que convivem com a depressão materna apresentaram mais indicadores de adversidades crônicas; e as crianças com problemas comportamentais, menos recursos e mais adversidades crônicas. As mães identificaram, com significância estatística, mais problemas de comportamento das crianças em relação às professoras; e ainda verificou-se associações entre a depressão materna e os problemas de comportamento dos escolares, na avaliação de mães (r = 0,490) e professoras (r = 0,294) e dos problemas comportamentais com o baixo desempenho escolar. Constatou-se que: (a) as crianças que convivem com a depressão materna apresentaram indicadores de múltiplas condições de risco em seu ambiente familiar, o que pode estar favorecendo os problemas comportamentais, os quais também se associaram a menos recursos; e (b) as mães e professoras divergiram quando das avaliações dos problemas de comportamento das crianças, evidenciando a utilização de diferentes parâmetros de avaliação nos contextos familiar e escolar. Considera-se que tais dados podem instrumentar programas de prevenção no contexto escolar e de intervenção no contexto familiar, com possíveis benefícios para o comportamento das crianças. / Maternal depression is known to be an adversity that affects the family environment and is associated with behavioral problems among schoolchildren. There is a need for studies addressing risk and protective conditions of the family environment assessing children through multiple informants. The objectives were (a) to compare and correlate resources and stressors in the family environment of children who live with maternal depression and present behavioral problems with the resources and the stressors of children whose mothers do not present depression and who do not present behavioral problems; and (b) to compare and correlate the behaviors of children from the perspective of their mothers and teachers. A cross-sectional design was used to assess a convenience sample composed of 85 mother-child pairs distributed between: G1 = 26 mothers with indicators of depression and children with behavioral problems; G2 = 29 mothers without indicators of depression and children with behavioral problems; and G3 = 30 mothers without indicators of depression and children without behavioral problems. Children aged from seven to 10 years old, of both sexes, were included. Assessment was initiated with the mothers, followed by the children and teachers. The following instruments were applied face-to-face to the mothers in a single session: General Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Family Environment Resource Inventory, Adverse Events Scale, Chronic Adversity Scale, and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The childrens intellectual level was assessed using Ravens Progressive Matrices Special Scale. The teachers responded to the SDQ teachers, preceded by information on the childrens school performance. Data were coded according to technical propositions and statistically analyzed adopting a significance level of 5% (p0.05). Comparisons among groups showed the following significant differences: the families facing maternal depression presented more indicators of chronic adversities; and the children with behavioral problems presented fewer resources and more chronic adversities. The mothers identified more behavioral problems in children than teachers. The mothers (r = 0.490) and teachers (r = 0.294) assessments showed associations between maternal depression and childrens behavioral problems and between behavioral problems and poor school performance. We verified that: (a) children living with maternal depression presented multiple risk indicators in their family environment, which may have favored behavioral problems, which were also associated with having fewer resources; and (b) mothers and teachers diverged in regard to their assessments concerning the childrens behavioral problems, showing that different parameters were used in the family and school contexts. These data may support the development of preventive programs in the school context and also interventions for the family context, which may benefit childrens behaviors.

Understanding child behavioral outcomes is important because early behavioral issues can lead to negative outcomes that persist throughout the life course. One characteristic that can affect child behavioral outcomes is parental psychological well-being. While there have been many studies describing the effects of parental psychological well-being on child behavior in the US, the nature of this relationship in non-Western countries has yet to be thoroughly explored. There is also limited research that distinguishes between the effects of both maternal and paternal psychological well-being on child behavioral outcomes. Japan is an interesting area in which to examine this relationship due to unique contextual factors that might affect parental psychological well-being, such as Japanese-specific patterns of maternal and paternal involvement. Utilizing regression analysis, this study examines the relationship between paternal and maternal psychological health and child internalizing and externalizing behavioral outcomes using two complementary longitudinal datasets from Japan (JCPS and JHPS). I find that maternal and not paternal psychological well-being is associated with child internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. This may be a product of fathers in Japan being less engaged in parenting or the intense relationship mothers are encouraged to develop with their children. Further research on this relationship can help in investigating the universality of Western findings related to paternal and maternal psychological health and child behavior.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The literature is varied as to whether there is a positive correlation or if there is no relation between maternal anxiety and a child's behavior at the dentist's office. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between maternal anxiety and a child's behavior in the dental chair at the first dental visit. The hypothesis for this research study was that there would be a positive correlation found between maternal anxiety and a child's behavior in the dental chair. A total of 59 essentially healthy children between the ages of 1.2 and 9. 7 years of age with no previous dental treatment were selected for this study. Informed consent was obtained with approval from the Institutional Review Board. All children received an initial dental examination, dental prophylaxis, a fluoride treatment, and radiographs when indicated clinically. The children were videotaped during the dental appointment with consent obtained from the parents. The child's cooperativeness during the dental treatment was measured using the four-point Frankl scale and was evaluated by two separate investigators. The mother's anxiety was measured using a modification of Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale. Fifty-six of these children presented to the dental clinic with their mothers, while the other three presented with their fathers. There were 31 females and 28 males. The correlation between the 1natemal anxiety score and the child's behavior score was estimated using a Spearman rank correlation coefficient, adjusted for the child's age. In addition, Spearman correlation coefficient shows a 95-percent confidence interval. In this study, there was an attempt to determine if the relationship that exists between a mother and child allows the fears of the mother to be expressed through the behavior of the child. However, this research showed that there is no significant correlation between the dental anxiety level of the mother or father and the behavior of the child at the first dental visit. Ultimately, there was no difference in the results between those that presented with their fathers versus those with their mothers; however, there was not a large enough sample to make this conclusive.

No description available.

This study examined the utility of a pilot "call-in service" coordinated with two rural pediatric primary care clinics. This service provided practical, empirically supported recommendations to parents with concerns about their children's development, behavior, or emotional well-being. Over 70 weeks, 81 calls were received. Five specific concerns including daytime wetting, conduct problems, anxiety, sleep, and repetitive behavior comprised 75% of all calls. In addition to describing the service overall, the current article examined the top concerns in terms of their process and outcomes in this brief intervention format. Overall, calls averaged 21 min, and parents reported high satisfaction and positive outcomes at follow-up. This format appeared to be most useful for calls regarding daytime wetting and repetitive behaviors/habits. The utility of a call-in service has not been recently explored. Moreover, specific pediatric problems amenable to brief intervention in primary care have rarely been researched. This study provides direction for the future use of call-in services or brief interventions in primary care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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No description available.