Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The soil compaction has been noted under no-till especially in clay soil texture. One important characteristic of soil compaction in cropland is non-uniform occurrence. With precision farming (PF) is possible determine spatially the soil compaction allowing the site specific management defined as site specific chisel (SSC). This work was carried out in a cropland managed with PF in Victor Graeff, RS. The soil is Red Latossol with Cfa climate following Koppen classification. The treatments were: a) conventional chisel tillage (CCT); b) site specific chisel with uniform depth (SSCU); c) site specific chisel with variable depth (SSCV) and d) check plot - non disturbed soil (NC). The main evaluations were: water infiltration and other soil physic characteristics: macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, relative density and aggregate stability soil layers: 00-0.05, 0.05 0.1, 0,1 0.15 e 0.15 -0.20 m , yield map, soil cover, soil resistance assessed by penetrometer, fuel consumption. The soil resistance indicated the soil compaction occurrence in zones of the cropland. The chisel tillage improved the soil physic characteristics, but it didn t improve the soybean yield. Besides that, the infiltration rate was increased five times, but after seven months the infiltration rate decreased 70%. The site specific chisel maintains 70% of soil cover, while conventional chisel only 25%. It was found high relationship between soil resistance and soybean yield (r2=0.87) and soil resistance and temporal yield variability (r2=0.97). / A compactação tem sido observada no sistema de plantio direto (SPD), principalmente em solos com textura argilosa. Uma característica importante da compactação é que a sua ocorrência é desuniforme dentro da área. Com técnicas de agricultura de precisão (AP) é possível identificar os locais onde ela ocorre, possibilitando a intervenção localizada, chamada de escarificação de sitio especifico (ESE). Este trabalho foi conduzido em uma área comercial, manejada sob o SPD utilizando técnicas de AP no município de Victor Graeff, RS. O solo do local é um Latossolo Vermelho com clima subtropical do tipo Cfa úmido segundo a classificação de Koppen. Os tratamentos foram: a) Escarificador Convencional (EC); b) escarificador de atuação sítio específico com profundidade Fixa (ESE-Prof. Fixa); c) escarificador sítio específico com variação de profundidade (ESE-Prof. Variada); e d) testemunha - Sem Escarificar (SE). As avaliações foram: infiltração de água, macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade relativa do solo e agregação, avaliação de mapas de rendimento, determinação da cobertura vegetal, geração de mapas de resistência a penetração com penetrômetro (RP), consumo de combustível na operação de escarificação. O mapa de RP indicou a ocorrência da compactação de forma localizada na área. A escarificação apresentou melhoria nas propriedades físicas do solo, mas não incrementou o rendimento. Aumentou a taxa de infiltração de água no solo em cinco vezes em relação à testemunha, porém estes valores decresceram em até 70% após sete meses que ela foi realizada. O escarificador sítio específico manteve cerca de 70% de cobertura vegetal, enquanto o escarificador convencional 25%. Encontrou-se elevada correlação entre a RP (R2=0,87) e o rendimento e RP e variabilidade temporal do rendimento e (R2=0,97) respectivamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-05-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 grego_cr_dr_botfca.pdf: 900852 bytes, checksum: fb58b3a71dd18b88537b458253727507 (MD5) / A adoção dos sistemas de manejo conservacionistas requer adaptações do solo e das culturas utilizadas, em função das variações edafoclimáticas encontradas nas regiões agrícolas, para que o processo se torne produtivo e viável. Diante deste contexto, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, no Município de Botucatu, SP, em Terra Roxa Estruturada ((NITOSSOLOS VERMELHOS - NV, EMBRAPA, 1999), durante o período de agosto de 1999 a maio de 2001. O objetivo foi avaliar a cultura da soja nos sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional (uma gradagem pesada seguida de duas gradagens niveladoras); escarificação seguida de gradagem niveladora; escarificação; sistema de plantio direto com três épocas de dessecação da cobertura vegetal (30 e 10 dias antes da semeadura da soja e após a semeadura) empregando dois tipos de mecanismos sulcadores, disco duplo e haste sulcadora), para abertura do sulco de deposição de fertilizantes na semeadora-adubadora de plantio direto, em todos os sistemas de manejo do solo. Avaliou-se a densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, cobertura vegetal, infestação de planta daninha, sulco de semeadura, emergência, nutrição, sistema radicular e produtividade da soja. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas em faixas, sendo seis tratamentos primários constituídos pelos preparos e dois secundários constituídos por mecanismos sulcadores, com quatro repetições. A deficiência hídrica, no inverno e na primavera, impediu a formação de cobertura vegetal por triticale (X triticossecale Wittmack) e milheto (Penisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), por isso, a vegetação espontânea foi utilizada como alternativa de cobertura vegetal.... / The adoption of the conservation management systems requires the soil adaptation and the crop utilized as a function of the edafoclimatic variations found in agricultural areas, so that the process becomes productive and viable. In the light of this, the present work was developed in Botucatu of State São Paulo, Brazil, from August 1999 to May 2001 in Ultisol. The aim was to appraise the soybean crop in the soil management systems: conventional tillage (one harrow plowing followed by two harrow leveling); chiseling followed by harrow leveling; chiseling, no-tillage system with three seasons of weed blanket dessication (30 and 10 days before soybean seeding and after the seeding). Two kinds of furrow openers mechanisms, double disc and chisel opener were combined for the furrow for fertilizer application in no-tillage seeders / planters, in all soil management system. The soil physical properties density and strength, crop blanket, weeds, seeding furrow, emergence, nutrition, root systems and soybean grain yield were evaluated. The experiment was made randomized block with subdivided plots in strips, with six primary treatments, two secondary and with four repetitions. During the winter and spring, the hydro deficiency did not allow the covering formation for por triticale (X triticossecale Wittmack) and milhet (Penisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), so using the spontaneous vegetation was the choice...(Complete abstract, click electronicaccess below).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Sol compaction effects on soil and plants has been subject of several studies. However, several parameters are used to evaluate soil compaction like bulk density and soil penetration resistance, but these parameters are dependent of soil type and moisture, therefore, the study of a parameter that could compare the different soils would facilitate the soil compaction studies. This work was divided in four chapters. In the first chapter the objective was to evaluate some physical-mechanical parameters of Alfisols and Oxisols submitted to different tillages. Six soils from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were collected, with clay content varying from 100 to 650 g kg-1. The core samples were collected from 0.08-0.13 m layer, equilibrated to the tension of 33 kPa and submitted to uniaxial compression test with application of successive and static loads. Based on the vertical displacement measured in the consolidometer after application of each load, were evaluated initial (Dsi) and final (Dsf) bulk density, deformation (Def), initial saturation degree (Gsi), initial volumetric moisture (qvi), pre compression stress (sp) and compression index (Cc) by Casagrande s method. Results indicated that managements with larger compaction presented smaller deformation and susceptibility to compaction; managements with recent revolviment of soil presented larger displacement from their compression curves, showing larger susceptibility to compaction; the Oxisol with larger clay content, due ability to retain more water in determined tension and due larger susceptibility to compaction, need to be more careful with traffic of machines than sandy soils. The second chapter aimed to study some physical properties of Alfisols and Oxisols from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, submitted to different tillages and its influence on root growth and soybean yield. R esults showed larger densities in the approximate depth of 0.10 m and the penetration resistance do not appear in layers with uniform resistance, are spaces with larger and smaller resistance; the root evaluation, even visually, it is a good indicative of the soil physical condition and the bulk density and penetration resistance, if appraised with moisture near field capacity, are good indicators of the soil for plant development; crop yield was associated to soil physical conditions. The third chapter had as objective evaluate the effect of the particles size and tillage in the degree of compactness and to verify the best pressure to obtain the reference bulk density. Six soils of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, submitted to different tillages were collected, with clay content varying from 100 to 650 g kg-1. For determination of the bulk density core samples were collected from layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20, 0.20-0.25 and 0.25-0.30 m and for evaluation of the reference bulk density core samples were collected in the layer of 0.08-0.13 m. For determination of the reference bulk density samples were equilibrated to the tension of 33 kPa and submitted to the uniaxial compression test, with application in each soil sample only one load of 200, 400, 800, 1600 kPa and 3200 kPa. It was also obtained the soil compression curve with application of successive loads in each soil sample to compare the results obtained with the samples that was applied only one load. They were evaluated also the macroporosity and soil penetration resistance, yield and root development of soybean. In agreement with the obtained results, the load of 1600 kPa was the best pressure to obtain the reference bulk density in the uniaxial compression test using core samples, independent if applying just the load of 1600 kPa or from the load of 1600 kPa of the soil compression curve; the largest soybean yield was obtained with degree of compactness of 82% for Alfisols and 85% for Oxisols and the degree of compactness was a good indicator of the physical conditions of the soil, presenting good relationship with soil penetration resistance, macroporosity, root growth and soybean yield; the degree of compactness looks like independent from particle size, based especially in the results of crop yield and macroporosity in function of degree of compactness. The fourth chapter aimed to study the effect of different compaction states on the soil physical properties and growth and yield of soybean, corn and wheat. An experiment was set in the Cooperativa Regional Tritícola Serrana Ltda (COTRIJUÍ) , Ijuí city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in an Oxisol. The completely randomized experimental design was used, in a bifactorial with split plots, with three repetitions. The main plots had three compaction states (PDC no tillage during six years + four passes of a machine with mass of 10 Mg in the agricultural year 2003/2004; PD no tillage during six years; Escarif no tillage during six years + chisel and harrowing in the agricultural year 2003/2004) and the split plots had soybean and corn. The soil physical properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, bulk density and soil penetration resistance) and development and yield of soybean, corn and wheat were measured. The results showed that the additional compaction presented increment of the soil resistance to penetration until the depth of 0.12 m; soil compaction influenced negatively soil physical properties; soybean and wheat were sensitive to compaction, soybean and corn had reduced heights and the wheat and soybean had their root system reduced length, for the additional compaction; soil compaction affected crop yield of corn, soybean and wheat, been the larger yields verified in no tillage and the smaller in treatments with additional compaction; the larger wheat yield was observed in the succession with soybean / A compactação do solo é tema de vários estudos que visam avaliar seus efeitos no solo e na planta. Vários parâmetros são utilizados para avaliar a compactação do solo, como densidade do solo e resistência à penetração, mas esses parâmetros são dependentes do tipo e da umidade do solo; portanto, o estudo de parâmetros que comparam diferentes solos facilita o estudo sobre compactação do solo. Este trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo o objetivo foi avaliar alguns parâmetros físico-mecânicos de Argissolos e Latossolos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de manejo. Foram coletados seis solos do Rio Grande do Sul, com granulometria variando, aproximadamente, entre 100 a 650 g kg-1 de argila. As amostras com estrutura preservada foram coletadas na profundidade de 0,08-0,13 m e equilibradas à tensão de 33 kPa, e submetidas ao teste de compressão uniaxial com aplicação de cargas sucessivas e estáticas. Baseado no deslocamento vertical medido no consolidômetro após a aplicação de cada carga foram avaliados a densidade do solo inicial (Dsi) e final (Dsf), deformação (Def), grau de saturação inicial (Gsi), umidade volumétrica inicial (qvi), e pressão de pré-consolidação (sp) e índice de compressão (Cc) determinados pelo método de Casagrande. Os resultados indicaram que manejos com maior estado de compactação inicial apresentaram menor deformação e menor suscetibilidade do solo à compactação; sistemas de manejo com revolvimento do solo recente apresentaram maior deslocamento de suas curvas de compressão, mostrando maior suscetibilidade à compactação; o Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, pela capacidade de reter mais água a uma determinada tensão e pela maior suscetibilidade à compactação, necessita de maior cuidado com o tráfego de máquinas do que solos arenosos. O segundo capítulo objetivou estudar algumas propriedades físicas de Argissolos e Latossolos do Rio Grande do Sul submetidos a diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo e suas influências no crescimento radicular e rendimento da cultura da soja. Os resultados mostraram que independente do solo e manejo, de modo geral as maiores densidades foram encontradas na profundidade aproximada de 0,10 m; os níveis de resistência do solo à penetração não se apresentam em camadas uniformes, ocorrem espaços de maior e menor resistência; a densidade do solo e a resistência à penetração se avaliada com umidade próxima à capacidade de campo, mostraram-se bons indicadores do solo para desenvolvimento da planta e a avaliação do sistema radicular, mesmo que apenas visual, é um bom indicativo da condição física do solo; o rendimento esteve associado às condições físicas dos solos. O terceiro capítulo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da textura e do manejo do solo no grau de compactação e verificar a melhor pressão para se obter a densidade referência. Foram coletados seis solos do Rio Grande do Sul submetidos à condições de manejo distintas, com granulometria, aproximadamente, entre 100 e 650 g kg-1 de argila. Para a determinação da densidade do solo foram coletadas amostras com estrutura preservada nas camadas de 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,15; 0,15-0,20; 0,20-0,25 e 0,25-0,30 m e para avaliação da densidade referência foram coletadas amostras com estrutura preservada na camada de 0,08-0,13 m. Para a determinação da densidade referência, as amostras foram equilibradas à tensão de 33 kPa e submetidas ao teste de compressão uniaxial, com aplicação em cada amostra de solo carga única de 200, 400, 800, 1600 kPa e 3200 kPa. Também foi obtida a curva de compressão do solo com aplicação de cargas sucessivas em cada amostra de solo para poder comparar os resultados obtidos com as amostras em que foi aplicada carga única. Foram avaliados também a macroporosidade e a resistência do solo à penetração, e o crescimento radicular e o rendimento da cultura da soja. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a carga de 1600 kPa foi a melhor pressão para se obter a densidade referência no teste de compressão uniaxial utilizando amostras de solo com estrutura preservada, independente de ser obtida de aplicação de carga única ou da curva de compressão do solo; o maior rendimento da soja é obtido com grau de compactação, em média de 82% para os Argissolos e 85% para os Latossolos; o grau de compactação mostrou-se um bom indicador das condições físicas do solo, apresentando boa relação com rendimento da cultura da soja, resistência à penetração, macroporosidade e desenvolvimento radicular; o grau de compactação parece ser independente da ranulometria do solo, baseado principalmente nos resultados de rendimento e macroporosidade em função do grau de compactação. O quarto capítulo objetivou estudar o efeito de diferentes condições de compactação sobre as propriedades físicas do solo e crescimento e rendimento das culturas soja, milho e trigo. Para isso, foi conduzido um experimento no campo tecnológico da Cooperativa Regional Tritícola Serrana Ltda (COTRIJUÍ), município de Ijuí (RS), em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em um bifatorial com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, tendo nas parcelas principais três estados de compactação (PDC - Plantio direto há seis anos que recebeu compactação adicional por quatro passadas de máquina com massa de 10 Mg no ano agrícola 2003/2004; PD - Plantio direto há seis anos; Escarif - Plantio direto há seis anos, sendo escarificado e gradeado no ano agrícola 2003/2004) e nas subparcelas as culturas de verão soja e milho e trigo no inverno. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas do solo macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração e o crescimento e rendimento das culturas soja, milho e trigo. Os resultados mostraram que a compactação adicional apresentou incremento da resistência do solo à penetração até a profundidade de 0,12 m e afetou negativamente as propriedades físicas do solo; as culturas milho, soja e trigo foram sensíveis à compactação, tendo a altura das culturas soja e milho e comprimento radicular das culturas soja e trigo, reduzidos pela compactação adicional; a compactação do solo influenciou o rendimento das culturas soja, milho e trigo, sendo os maiores rendimentos verificados no plantio direto e os menores no tratamento com compactação adicional, e o maior rendimento do trigo foi observado na sucessão com soja

Resumo: O manejo adequado de práticas como a adubação nitrogenada, fornecimento de água através da irrigação e fatores que proporcionam um melhor desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, como o preparo do solo, são importantes para aumentar a eficiência do feijoeiro na utilização dos recursos disponíveis, possibilitando aumentar a produtividade. Com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento do feijoeiro cultivar IAC Carioca Eté, em função do preparo do solo, manejo de água e parcelamentos da adubação nitrogenada, no período "de inverno", foi conduzido um trabalho de pesquisa na área experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia-UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada em Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com as subparcelas dispostas em faixas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três modalidades de preparo do solo (grade pesada + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto). As lâminas de água aplicadas por aspersão foram determinadas pela utilização de diferentes coeficientes de cultura (L1, L2 e L3) e constituíram as subparcelas e os parcelamentos da aplicação do nitrogênio (0-75, 25-50, 50-25 e 75-0 kg.ha-1 na semeadura e em cobertura aos 22 DAE, respectivamente), as subsubparcelas. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: número de dias para o florescimento pleno, características físicas do solo, matéria seca de plantas, teor de N total na parte aérea das plantas, número de vagens/planta, número de grãos/planta, número médio de grãos/vagem, massa de 100 grãos, produtividade de grãos e teor de N nos grãos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o preparo do solo com grade pesada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The appropriate management aiming higher yields of crops as nitrogen fertilization, water supply through of the irrigation and factors which provide a better growth of the root system, as the soil tillage, are very important to improve the efficiency by common bean crop and increase its yield. This research aimed to evaluate the IAC Carioca Eté cultivar as a function of soil management systems and water management, and nitrogen split application, in winter season, at Experimental Station of UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in Selviria-MS. A randomized complete block design, in split-split plot scheme, with subplots in strips, with four replications was used. The plots were constituted by three soil management systems: harrow disk + leveling disk, chisel plough + leveling disk, and no-tillage system. The water levels, applied through a sprinkler system (L1, L2, and L3) constituted the subplots and four nitrogen rates in split application: 0-75, 25-50, 50-25 and 75-0 kg ha-1 applied at sowing time and side dressing at 22 days after plant emergency, respectively, constituted the subsubplots. Number of days up to full flowering, soil physical characteristics, dry matter of plant, shoot nitrogen content, number of pod/plant, number of grain/plant, number of grain/pod, weight of 100 grains, grain yield, and grain nitrogen content were evaluated. The soil management with harrow disk + leveling disk provided the higher grain yield related to no-tillage system, but it did not differ from chisel plough + leveling disk treatment. The bean crop don’t showed reduction yield, even using a crop coefficient 25% lower than recommended to water replace... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Orivaldo Arf / Coorientador: Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues / Banca: Salatier Buzetti / Banca: Luís Fernando Stone / Mestre

This diploma thesis deals with increasing the service life of parts intended for soil cultivation. The work evaluates the current possibilities of increasing the utility value of spare parts. Practical tests will provide recommendations for the most appropriate method to increase durability. The work examines uncharted methods of testing soldered joint. The results are evaluated in terms of quality and economic profitability. All results from this work are based on the basis of practical tests of plowing machine in rocky soil.

The number of application specific instruction set processors is rapidly increasing, because of increased demand for low power and small area designs. A lot of new instruction sets are born, but they are usually confidential. University of California in Berkeley took an opposite approach. The RISC-V instruction set is completely free. This master's thesis focuses on analysis of RISC-V instruction set and two programming languages used to model instruction sets and microarchitectures, CodAL and Chisel. Implementation of RISC-V base instruction set along with multiplication, division and 64-bit address space extensions and implementation of cycle accurate model of Rocket Core-like microarchitecture in CodAL are main goals of this master's thesis. The instruction set model is used to generate the C compiler and the cycle accurate model is used to generate RTL representation, all thanks to Codasip Studio. Generated compiler is compared against the one implemented manually and results are used for instruction set optimizations. RTL is synthesized to Artix 7 FPGA and compared to the Rocket Core synthesis.

No description available.

Relational database systems provide various services and applications with an efficient means for storing, processing, and retrieving their data. The performance of these systems has a direct impact on the quality of service of the applications that rely on them. Therefore, it is crucial that database systems are able to adapt and grow in tandem with the demands of these applications, ensuring that their performance scales accordingly. In the past, Moore's law and algorithmic advancements have been sufficient to meet these demands. However, with the slowdown of Moore's law, researchers have begun exploring alternative methods, such as application-specific technologies, to satisfy the more challenging performance requirements. One such technology is field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), which provide ideal platforms for developing and running custom architectures for accelerating database systems. The goal of this thesis is to develop a domain-specific architecture that can enhance the performance of in-memory database systems when executing analytical queries. Our research is guided by a combination of academic and industrial requirements that seek to strike a balance between generality and performance. The former ensures that our platform can be used to process a diverse range of workloads, while the latter makes it an attractive solution for high-performance use cases. Throughout this thesis, we present the development of a system-on-chip for database system acceleration that meets our requirements. The resulting architecture, called CbMSMK, is capable of processing the projection, sort, aggregation, and equi-join database operators and can also run some complex TPC-H queries. CbMSMK employs a shared sort-merge pipeline for executing all these operators, which results in an efficient use of FPGA resources. This approach enables the instantiation of multiple acceleration cores on the FPGA, allowing it to serve multiple clients simultaneously. CbMSMK can process both arbitrarily deep and wide tables efficiently. The former is achieved through the use of the sort-merge algorithm which utilizes the FPGA RAM for buffering intermediate sort results. The latter is achieved through the use of KeRRaS, a novel variant of the forward radix sort algorithm introduced in this thesis. KeRRaS allows CbMSMK to process a table a few columns at a time, incrementally generating the final result through multiple iterations. Given that acceleration is a key objective of our work, CbMSMK benefits from many performance optimizations. For instance, multi-way merging is employed to reduce the number of merge passes required for the execution of the sort-merge algorithm, thus improving the performance of all our pipeline-breaking operators. Another example is our in-depth analysis of early aggregation, which led to the development of a novel cache-based algorithm that significantly enhances aggregation performance. Our experiments demonstrate that CbMSMK performs on average 5 times faster than the state-of-the-art CPU-based database management system MonetDB.:I Database Systems & FPGAs 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Databases & the Importance of Performance 1.2 Accelerators & FPGAs 1.3 Requirements 1.4 Outline & Summary of Contributions 2 BACKGROUND ON DATABASE SYSTEMS 2.1 Databases 2.1.1 Storage Model 2.1.2 Storage Medium 2.2 Database Operators 2.2.1 Projection 2.2.2 Filter 2.2.3 Sort 2.2.4 Aggregation 2.2.5 Join 2.2.6 Operator Classification 2.3 Database Queries 2.4 Impact of Acceleration 3 BACKGROUND ON FPGAS 3.1 FPGA 3.1.1 Logic Element 3.1.2 Block RAM (BRAM) 3.1.3 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 3.1.4 IO Element 3.1.5 Programmable Interconnect 3.2 FPGADesignFlow 3.2.1 Specifications 3.2.2 RTL Description 3.2.3 Verification 3.2.4 Synthesis, Mapping, Placement, and Routing 3.2.5 TimingAnalysis 3.2.6 Bitstream Generation and FPGA Programming 3.3 Implementation Quality Metrics 3.4 FPGA Cards 3.5 Benefits of Using FPGAs 3.6 Challenges of Using FPGAs 4 RELATED WORK 4.1 Summary of Related Work 4.2 Platform Type 4.2.1 Accelerator Card 4.2.2 Coprocessor 4.2.3 Smart Storage 4.2.4 Network Processor 4.3 Implementation 4.3.1 Loop-based implementation 4.3.2 Sort-based Implementation 4.3.3 Hash-based Implementation 4.3.4 Mixed Implementation 4.4 A Note on Quantitative Performance Comparisons II Cache-Based Morphing Sort-Merge with KeRRaS (CbMSMK) 5 OBJECTIVES AND ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW 5.1 From Requirements to Objectives 5.2 Architecture Overview 5.3 Outlineof Part II 6 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OPENCL AND RTL FOR SORT-MERGE PRIMITIVES ON FPGAS 6.1 Programming FPGAs 6.2 RelatedWork 6.3 Architecture 6.3.1 Global Architecture 6.3.2 Sorter Architecture 6.3.3 Merger Architecture 6.3.4 Scalability and Resource Adaptability 6.4 Experiments 6.4.1 OpenCL Sort-Merge Implementation 6.4.2 RTLSorters 6.4.3 RTLMergers 6.4.4 Hybrid OpenCL-RTL Sort-Merge Implementation 6.5 Summary & Discussion 7 RESOURCE-EFFICIENT ACCELERATION OF PIPELINE-BREAKING DATABASE OPERATORS ON FPGAS 7.1 The Case for Resource Efficiency 7.2 Related Work 7.3 Architecture 7.3.1 Sorters 7.3.2 Sort-Network 7.3.3 X:Y Mergers 7.3.4 Merge-Network 7.3.5 Join Materialiser (JoinMat) 7.4 Experiments 7.4.1 Experimental Setup 7.4.2 Implementation Description & Tuning 7.4.3 Sort Benchmarks 7.4.4 Aggregation Benchmarks 7.4.5 Join Benchmarks 7. Summary 8 KERRAS: COLUMN-ORIENTED WIDE TABLE PROCESSING ON FPGAS 8.1 The Scope of Database System Accelerators 8.2 Related Work 8.3 Key-Reduce Radix Sort(KeRRaS) 8.3.1 Time Complexity 8.3.2 Space Complexity (Memory Utilization) 8.3.3 Discussion and Optimizations 8.4 Architecture 8.4.1 MSM 8.4.2 MSMK: Extending MSM with KeRRaS 8.4.3 Payload, Aggregation and Join Processing 8.4.4 Limitations 8.5 Experiments 8.5.1 Experimental Setup 8.5.2 Datasets 8.5.3 MSMK vs. MSM 8.5.4 Payload-Less Benchmarks 8.5.5 Payload-Based Benchmarks 8.5.6 Flexibility 8.6 Summary 9 A STUDY OF EARLY AGGREGATION IN DATABASE QUERY PROCESSING ON FPGAS 9.1 Early Aggregation 9.2 Background & Related Work 9.2.1 Sort-Based Early Aggregation 9.2.2 Cache-Based Early Aggregation 9.3 Simulations 9.3.1 Datasets 9.3.2 Metrics 9.3.3 Sort-Based Versus Cache-Based Early Aggregation 9.3.4 Comparison of Set-Associative Caches 9.3.5 Comparison of Cache Structures 9.3.6 Comparison of Replacement Policies 9.3.7 Cache Selection Methodology 9.4 Cache System Architecture 9.4.1 Window Aggregator 9.4.2 Compressor & Hasher 9.4.3 Collision Detector 9.4.4 Collision Resolver 9.4.5 Cache 9.5 Experiments 9.5.1 Experimental Setup 9.5.2 Resource Utilization and Parameter Tuning 9.5.3 Datasets 9.5.4 Benchmarks on Synthetic Data 9.5.5 Benchmarks on Real Data 9.6 Summary 10 THE FULL PICTURE 10.1 System Architecture 10.2 Benchmarks 10.3 Meeting the Objectives III Conclusion 11 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK ON FUTURE RESEARCH 11.1 Summary 11.2 Future Work BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES

This electronic document file set consists of an overview presentation (PDF-formatted) file and companion video (MP4) and CADD files (DWG & DXF) for laser cutting the ETSU-developed alternate top bracing designs and marking templates for the STEM Guitar Project’s BBT (OM-sized) standard acoustic guitar kit. The three (3) alternative BBT top bracing designs in this release are (a) a one-piece base for the standard kit's (Martin-style) bracing, (b) 277 Ladder-style bracing, and (c) an X-braced fan-style bracing similar to traditional European or so-called 'classical' acoustic guitars. The CADD data set for each of the three (3) top bracing designs includes (a) a nominal 24" x 18" x 3mm (0.118") Baltic birch plywood laser layout of (1) the one-piece base with slots, (2) pre-radiused and pre-scalloped vertical braces with tabs to ensure proper orientation and alignment, and (3) various gages and jigs and (b) a nominal 15" x 20" marking template. The 'provided as is" CADD data is formatted for use on a Universal Laser Systems (ULS) laser cutter digital (CNC) device. Each CADD drawing is also provided in two (2) formats: Autodesk AutoCAD 2007 .DWG and .DXF R12. Users should modify and adapt the CADD data as required to fit their equipment. This CADD data set is released and distributed under a Creative Commons license; users are also encouraged to make changes o the data and share (with attribution) their designs with the worldwide acoustic guitar building community.

This electronic document file set consists of an overview presentation (PDF-formatted) file and companion video (MP4) and CADD files (DWG & DXF) for laser cutting the ETSU-developed alternate top bracing designs and marking templates for the STEM Guitar Project’s BBT (OM-sized) standard acoustic guitar kit. The three (3) alternative BBT top bracing designs in this release are (a) a one-piece base for the standard kit's (Martin-style) bracing, (b) 277 Ladder-style bracing, and (c) an X-braced fan-style bracing similar to traditional European or so-called 'classical' acoustic guitars. The CADD data set for each of the three (3) top bracing designs includes (a) a nominal 24" x 18" x 3mm (0.118") Baltic birch plywood laser layout of (1) the one-piece base with slots, (2) pre-radiused and pre-scalloped vertical braces with tabs to ensure proper orientation and alignment, and (3) various gages and jigs and (b) a nominal 15" x 20" marking template. The 'provided as is" CADD data is formatted for use on a Universal Laser Systems (ULS) laser cutter digital (CNC) device. Each CADD drawing is also provided in two (2) formats: Autodesk AutoCAD 2007 .DWG and .DXF R12. Users should modify and adapt the CADD data as required to fit their equipment. This CADD data set is released and distributed under a Creative Commons license; users are also encouraged to make changes o the data and share (with attribution) their designs with the worldwide acoustic guitar building community.