<p>  </p> <p>Interpersonal confrontations are a powerful prejudice reduction strategy. However, they often come with social costs, or negative interpersonal consequences, for the confronter (e.g., dislike; Czopp et al., 2006). Across three studies, the present research examines whether and how interpersonal trust reduces the social costs typically associated with confrontation. Study 1 showed that the more participants trusted their confronter, the less negative their evaluations of their partner. Negative other-directed affect mediated this effect. Study 2 provided causal evidence that trust buffered confrontation’s social costs: Participants who underwent a trust-building exercise with their confronter reported fewer social costs than participants who did not. Finally, Study 3 showed that the effect of trust on social costs extends to an ecologically valid context: Confrontees reported fewer social costs in dyads with greater pre-existing trust (i.e., friends) than dyads with less pre-existing trust (i.e., strangers). The effect of trust on social costs was again mediated by negative other-directed affect. Overall, the present research integrates the confrontation and close relationship literatures to provide theoretically-novel and practically-important insight on how to reduce confrontation-related social costs.</p>

This essay demonstrates how close reading a passage in The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas can teach students of English 6, in Swedish upper secondary schools, about institutional racism in order to develop cultural awareness. The English subject shows the importance of developing cultural awareness when stating that students should develop an understanding of cultural and social conditions in different contexts and areas where English is used. This essay explores if close reading a passage in The Hate U Give is one way of developing cultural awareness. In order to examine the novel's potential, a literary analysis will be done on both the novel and the passage intended for close reading. The analysis demonstrates how using close reading as a method when reading can help gain students’ knowledge of institutional racism in order to develop cultural awareness.

This study claims that an LGBTQ+ themed memoir, All Boys Aren’t Blue by George M. Johnson, and possibly similar texts can be used by teachers in the L2 English classroom in an approach of raising gender identity awareness. The memoir is examined for its potential of raising gender identity awareness in the L2 English classroom through a method of close reading the memoir. Along with the close reading, the memoir is evaluated against previous research and steering documents for the English subject in Swedish upper secondary school. The memoir’s teaching potential is demonstrated by a sample lesson for the English subject in Swedish upper secondary school.

This thesis describes an investigation into the experimental accuracy of a close-up stereo vision system. Surfaces are measured from any orientation through the synergy of a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) and a custom made stereo vision head. Calibration of the stereo cameras is achieved using bundle adjustment non-linear optimization, commonly used in photogrammetry. Point set registration techniques are used to calibrate the stereo head with respect to the CMM coordinate system. The fully calibrated stereo vision system is used to provide experimental accuracy results under ideal imagining conditions. The system is then applied to the practical problem of sheet metal strain analysis. This problem involves many non-ideal imaging components that affect system accuracy. Experimental results for this non-deal situation are provided in the form of three-dimensional strain distribution plots. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Relatively little research has focused on the positive adjustment of emerging adult adoptees (Palacios & Brodzinsky, 2010). Given the developmental context of emerging adulthood (Arnett, 2000), it is important to select a measure of adjustment that reflects the increased ambiguity seen in this time period. The present study aims to develop and validate a measure of relational competence, or competence in one’s closest relationship regardless of relationship type (i.e., romantic vs. nonromantic). This measure will be created by adapting the Romantic Competence Interview, a measure of romantic competence previously used with emerging adults (Shulman, Davila, & Shachar-Shapira, 2011). Participants included 162 emerging adult adoptees who were recruited as part of a larger longitudinal study (Grotevant, McRoy, Wrobel, & Ayers-Lopez, 2013). Indicators of relational competence were selected from measures of intimacy maturity coded from interviews in which participants discussed their self-identified closest relationship (White, Speisman, Costos, Kelly, & Bartis, 1984). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the proposed model of relational competence was a good fit to the data and that this model was invariant across relationship type and gender. No differences in relational competence scores were found by relationship type or by gender

This study developed and tested a new typology for use in Marriage and Family Therapy. The typology was created by integrating two already established typologies currently in use in MFT, the attachment style typology and the Enneagram typology. The attachment typology is based on attachment theory, a theory of human development that focuses on how infants and adults establish, monitor and repair attachment bonds. Differences in attachment style are associated with different kinds of relationship problems. The Enneagram typology categorizes people according to differences in attention processes. These differences in attention processes are also associated with different kinds of relationship problems, but also with different kinds of spiritual problems and talents. Support was found for both the internal and external validity of the integrated typology. The results were discussed in terms of relationship satisfaction and attachment based therapy. Implications for using the integrated typology to address spirituality in MFT were also discussed. / Ph. D.

Compound Aircraft Transport (CAT) flight involves two or more aircraft using the resources of each other; a symbiotic relationship exists consisting of a host, the mothership aircraft and a parasite, the hitchhiker aircraft. Wingtip-docked flight is just as its name implies; the two aircraft are connected wingtip-to-wingtip. Formation flight describes multiple aircraft or flying objects that maintain a pattern or shape in the air. There are large aerodynamic advantages in CAT flight. The aforementioned wingtip-docked flight increases total span of the aircraft system, and formation flight utilizes the upwash from the trailing wingtip vortex of the lead aircraft (mothership) to reduce the energy necessary to achieve and/or maintain a specific flight goal for the hitchhiker and the system. The Stability Wind Tunnel (6 X 6 X 24 foot test section) at Virginia Tech, computational aerodynamic analysis with the vortex lattice method (VLM), and a desktop aircraft model were used to answer questions of the best location for a hitchhiker aircraft and analyze stability of the CAT system. Wind tunnel tests implemented a 1/32 scale F-84E model (hitchhiker) and an outboard wing portion representing a B-36 (mothership). These models were chosen to simulate flight tests of an actual wingtip-docked project, Tom Tom, in the 1950s. That project was terminated after a devastating accident that demonstrated a possible "flapping" motion instability. The wind tunnel test included a broad range of hitchhiker locations: varying spanwise gap distance, longitudinal or streamwise distance, and vertical location (above or below wing) with respect to a B-36-like wing. The data showed very little change in the aerodynamic forces of the mothership, and possibilities of large benefits in lift and drag for the hitchhiker when located slightly aft and inboard with respect to the mothership. Three CAT flight configurations were highlighted: wingtip-docked, close formation, and towed formation. The wingtip-docked configuration had a 20-40 percent performance benefit for the hitchhiker compared to solo flight. The close formation configuration had performance benefits for the hitchhiker approximately 10 times that of solo flight, and the towed formation was approximately 8 times better than solo flight. The VLM analysis completed and reenforced the experimental wind tunnel data. A modified VLM program (VLM CAT) incorporated multiple aircraft in various locations as well as additional calculations for induced drag. VLM CAT results clearly followed the trends seen in the wind tunnel data, but since VLM did not model the fuselage, has assumptions like a flat wake, and is an inviscid computation it did not predict the large benefits or excursions as seen in the wind tunnel data. Increases in performance for the hitchhiker in VLM CAT were on the order of 3 to 4 times that of the hitchhiker in solo flight, while the wind tunnel study saw up to 10 times that of solo flight. VLM CAT is a valuable tool in supplying quick analysis of position and planform effects in CAT flight. Modifications to a desktop F-16 dynamic simulation have been developed to investigate the stability of wingtip-docked flight. These modifications analyze the stability issues linked with sideslip angle as seen by the Tom Tom Project test pilot, when he entered docking maneuvers with 5 degrees yaw to simulate a ``tired pilot". The wingtip-docked system was determined to have an unstable aperiodic mode for sideslip angle greater than 0.0 degrees and an unstable oscillatory mode for sideslip angle greater than 2.0 degrees. There is a small range of sideslip angle that is a stable oscillatory mode, sideslip angle between 0.0 and 2.0 degrees. The variables, altitude and speed, yield little effect on the stability of the system. The sensitivity analysis was indeterminate in distinguishing a state driving the instability, but the analysis was conclusive in verifying the lateral-longitudinal (roll-pitch) coupled motion observed by test pilots in wingtip-docked flight experiments. The parameter with the largest influence on the instability was the change in pitch angular acceleration with respect to roll angle. The aerodynamic results presented in this study have determined some important parameters in the location of a hitchhiker with respect to a mothership. The largest aerodynamic benefits are seen when the hitchhiker wingtip is slightly aft, inboard and below the wingtip of the mothership. In addition, the stability analysis has identified an instability in the CAT system in terms of sideslip angle, and that the wingtip-docked hitchhiker is coupled in lateral and longitudinal motion, which does concur with the divergent "flapping" motion about the hinged rotational axis experienced by the Tom Tom Project test pilot. / Ph. D.

This study explores the nature of nonviolent action in close relationships through applying a power theory in psychology in a Lutheran protestant context on three constructed cases.  Turner’s theory shows that power originates from influence, and that it is pivotal to first change the other person’s thinking through persuasion in order to bring a change in their outward actions. The two-kingdom theory takes us a step further, but in an unexpected direction; it shows the significance of the internal process in the person’s mind and heart prior to the persuasion.  Each individual has the potential to end a relationship conflict by first reaching peace within oneself and then inviting the other person to join in the efforts of together transforming the conflict into peace. Thus, the key to conflict resolution process does not lie in one’s persuasion abilities but in the work one does with oneself. According to Luther this work within oneself does not have to be done alone, because God promises to help those who belong to his kingdom.  The analysis shows that it is possible to apply the guidelines of nonviolent action in conflicts in close relationships even if not all the methods implemented in larger scale conflicts can be utilized.

Patients in intensive care are often intubated, and therefore unable to speak, which leads to difficulties in communication. The ICU is a very stressful environment and can be experienced as foreign and frightening by both patients and their close ones. The ICU nurse’s caring responsibilities includes both the care of the critically ill patient and the support of relatives who are often in shock. This balance is not always straightforward, and acting professionally in both instances can lead to problems. The professional competence of an ICU nurse has been described as a calm surface, beneath which rages a conflict between medical and ethical issues. As such, communicating professionally with relatives is a challenge that rivals the nurse’s medical responsibilities.The aim of the study was to describe the significance of the nurse&apos;s communication with close relatives in the ICU patient room.The study was conducted using a qualitative and inductive approach. A non-participant, semi-structured, observational method was used. Seven observations were conducted.The results of the study are presented in five categories: to prioritise attention; be available for relatives; listen, inform, be sensitive and responsive; to value the meeting and to juxtapose between compassion and objectivity. We have found that the nurse possess the power to make a difference in how the relation between the nurse and close ones turns out and also that several factors can affect their relation. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot intensivvård

I denna framställning görs en kritisk granskning och analys av samspelet mellan regelverken för beskattning av incitamentsprogram och beskattning av ägare till fåmansföretag. Framställningen ämnar precisera hur olika rättigheter som följer av incitamentsprogram ska klassificeras skatterättsligt, när beskattningstidpunkten inträder och slutligen hur beskattningen påverkas av att programmet införs i ett fåmansföretag. Programmen utlöser enligt gällande rätt skatt i inkomstslagen tjänst och kapital. När en programdeltagare erhåller en rättighet utan att betala marknadsmässig ersättning uppstår en förmån. Denna ska, om rättigheten inte följer av en kvalificerad personaloption, alltid beskattas i inkomstslaget tjänst. Vad som blir centralt för beskattningen av incitamentsprogram är när beskattningstidpunkten för rättigheten infaller, vilket avgörs av hur rättigheten skatterättsligt klassificeras. Möjliga klassificeringar är: värdepapper, personaloption eller inget av dessa. I regel strävar både utfärdare och deltagare av incitamentsprogram efter en så tidig beskattningstidpunkt som möjligt. Ju tidigare förmånsbeskattning, desto mindre andel av rättighetens framtida värdeuppgång kommer beskattas i inkomstslaget tjänst och vara föremål för sociala avgifter. Införs programmet i ett fåmansföretag måste emellertid också det s.k. 3:12-regelverket beaktas. Om programdeltagaren är verksam i betydande omfattning kommer denne träffas av klyvningsreglerna i 3:12-regelverket och i stort sett all värdeuppgång kommer då beskattas i inkomstslaget tjänst – oavsett när den ovan nämnda beskattningstiden infaller. Framställningen pekar på att merparten av de som erbjuds att delta i incitaments-program i ett fåmansföretag kommer att träffas av klyvningsreglerna i 3:12-regelverket. Effekten blir då, oavsett skatterättslig kvalificering av incitamentsprogrammet, att beskattningen av programdeltagare i fåmansföretag förfelas på grund av 3:12-reglerna. Dagens rättsläge innebär att fåmansföretagens incitamentsverktygslåda är kraftigt begränsad. För att säkerställa konkurrenskraften för innovativa och entreprenöriella bolag med begränsad tillgång till kapital för löner till nyckelkompetens, måste dessa företag ges tillgång till hela arsenalen i incitamentsverktygslådan.