19 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2695" Qinhua Huang. 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flores_JoseCruzdoCarmo_D.pdf: 3690114 bytes, checksum: 115eb3898eda96859bdbb86ae31dfa21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: o fechamento de mina insere-se como uma nova fase na vida do projeto de mineração. Seus principais objetivos são garantir que a saúde e a segurança públicas não serão comprometidas no futuro; que os recursos ambientais não serão expostos a posterior deterioração biológica, física e ou química; que o uso pós-mineração da propriedade será benéfico à comunidade e sustentável no longo prazo; e que quaisquer impactos socioeconômicos adversos serão mitigados. Os conceitos e procedimentos relativos ao fechamento de mina vêm se expandindo rapidamente, em termos de escopo e responsabilidade dos principais grupos interessados, dentre eles governo, empresas, comunidades impactadas e organizações não-governamentais (ONGs), instituições financeiras de crédito e outros componentes da sociedade civil. O Direito - como ciência social que o é - vem explicitando a consciência e a preocupação da sociedade com o adequado e seguro fechamento das minas, e internalizando as melhores práticas par.a se atingir seus objetivos. Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo e análise da arte do fechamento de mina sob os seus diversos aspectos. Ressalta-se a importância econômica e social da mineração, através da análise dos aspectos positivos e negativos desta atividade humana. Introduz-se o fechamento de mina como uma nova fase do projeto de mineração. Apresentam-se os conceitos de alguns termos usualmente encontrados nos trabalhos relativos ao tema fechamento de mina. Apontam-se as principais causas que conduzem ao fechamento, os tipos de fechamento que podem ocorrer e as etapas que integram o processo. Analisam-se os principais impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais advindos do fechamento. Abordam-se os aspectos técnicos, jurídicos e socioambientais inerentes ao fechamento de mina na legislação de alguns países selecionados. Sintetiza-se a regulamentação do tema na legislação brasileira. Expõem-se os programas de fechamento de algumas minas brasileiras, de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Ao final, recomendam-se algumas questões inerentes ao evento, como sugestões para futuros estudos e pesquisas, e apresenta-se, como apêndice, a proposta de um conjunto de diretrizes, como contribuição ao estudo do tema e à progressiva regulamentação desta fase do projeto de mineração no Brasil / Abstract: Mine closure is a new stage in the life of a mining project. Its main objectives are guarantee that the future public hea1th and safety are not compromised; environmental resources are not subject to further physical and chemical deterioration; the post-mining use of a site is beneficial and sustainable in the long-tenn; and any adverse socio-economic impacts are minimized. The concepts and principIes surrounding mine closure are rapidly evolving in tenns of the supposed scope and responsibility of the major interested groups, among them government, industry, impacted communities and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs), financial institutions and other components of civil society. The Law - as a social science - has highlighted the society conscious and preoccupation with the proper and safe mine closure and intemalized the best practices to achieve its purposes. This thesis focuses in the study and analysis of the evolution of mine closure art - under its several aspects. Highlight the economic and social importance of mining, through the analysis of positive and negative aspects of this human activity. Mine closure is introduced as new stage of the mining project. It is presented the concepts of some tenns usually employed in studies related to mine closure. Emphasize the main causes that can direct to closure, the types of closure that can occur and the steps part of this processo The main environmental, economic and social impacts from the mine closure process are analysed. Deal with technical, legal, social and environmental aspects in the law of some selected countries. Synthesize mine closure regulation in the Brazilian Law. Approach the programmes in course for closure of some small, medium and large size Brazilian mines. At the end recommends some points inherent to mine closure as suggestions to future researches and presents, as an appendix, a proposal of guidelines as a contribution to the study and the progressive regulation on mine closure in Brazil / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Ciências

El sector pesquero que comprende las actividades de extracción y transformación de recursos hidrobiológicos tanto para el consumo humano directo (enlatado, fresco o congelado) e industrial (harina y aceite de pescado), es un elemento estratégico para la economía del Perú, principalmente por ser una importante fuente generadora de divisas después de la minería. Es por ello, que la Administración Tributaria en los últimos años ha venido incrementando las fiscalizaciones tributarias debido al alto nivel de impuestos recaudados en el sector. / Trabajo de investigación

M.Sc. / Coal mining is a mature industry and plays a vital part in the economy and development of South Africa. Coal mining however is a temporary use of land. Historically, when an ore body was exhausted, production ceased and mines were boarded up and abandoned. Today mine closure requires the return of land to a viable and sustainable post-mining land use but a number of challenges are associated with mine reclamation. One of the greatest challenges is the inability of mines in South Africa to return mined land to its pre-mining state or land capability. The minimization of loss of land use capability and equally soil resource is a key part in achieving success in mine reclamation. This study verifies and assesses the replaced soil depth and actual post-mining land capability at a surface coal mine in Mpumalanga province, according to the Chamber of Mines “Guidelines for the rehabilitation of mined land” (2007). Five of the seven reclaimed sites within the study area exceeded the planned land capability proportions determined during the pre-mining stage. A top soil balance done at the end of January 2010 however indicates that the available volume of soil resource at the mine will not suffice the amount needed to achieve the planned land capability in areas not yet reclaimed. It is suggested that the lack of an adequate soil monitoring and management strategy in the past, has led to the shortfall of the available soil resource at the mine. The soil monitoring and reconciliation strategy developed will hopefully assist mine managers and rehabilitation planners to prevent further soil loss at the mine.

The two main parts of this doctoral thesis are a theorem that tight closure is contained in continuous closure via axes closure on the one hand and an algorithm to decide semistability of sheaves (or geometric vector bundles) via reduction to a linear algebra problem on the other hand. The sheaf stability algorithm was explicitly implemented by the author.

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In this work, various topics regarding (urban) boundary simulations for a city situated in the alps will be discussed. First of all, we will present novel parameterization adopted to take into account the effect of mitigation strategies, such as rooftop Photovoltaic Panels and Green Roofs, on the urban environment, and their effect on average temperature and energy consumption by buildings. Secondly, a new turbulence closure, that adopts a diagnostic equation for dissipation rate, and then independent on mixing length scales, will be introduced. The new turbulence closure, implemented into the WRF model, has been coupled with multi-layer urban parameterization schemes and compared with high-resolution CFD and LES simulations.

I en tid där skolor stängs ner för gott som en strategi för att möta utmaningar som exempelvis segregation inom västerländska skoldistrikt är det värt att reflektera över hur de påverkar barn och deras välbefinnande. Bakgrunden till uppsatsen bygger på ett större projekt av Flensner & Svensson (2023) kopplat till skolstängningar. I uppsatsen har projektets data från hösten 2021 använts. Metoden är kvantitativ och den upplevda känslan av trivsel, trygghet och tillit jämfördes mellan elever som bytt skola och de som inte bytt skola. Det var 1349 elever i åldrarna 10–15 år som deltog i undersökningen. Data från projektet analyserades med hjälp av Pearsons korrelationsanalys och ett oberoende t-test. Resultaten visade att trivsel, trygghet och tillit korrelerar positivt med varandra. Elever som svarade på enkäten och hade bytt skola trivdes i genomsnitt lika bra jämfört med de som inte hade bytt skola. Dessutom fanns en signifikant skillnad i upplevelsen av trygghet, där de som inte bytt skola kände sig tryggare. De som bytt skola upplevde en högre nivå av tillit. Eftersom många av de tillfrågade valde att inte svara skulle det kunna ha påverkat generaliserbarheten av resultatet. Diskussionen belyser skolstängningars effekt på elevernas upplevelse av trivsel, trygghet och tillit i skolan. / At a time when schools are being closed for good as a strategy to meet challenges such assegregation within Western school districts, it is worth reflecting on how they affect children and their well-being. The background to the essay is based on a larger project by Flensner & Svensson (2023) linked to school closures. In the essay, the project's data from autumn 2021 has been used. The method is quantitative, and the perceived sense of well-being, security, and trust was compared between students who changed schools and those who did not. There were 1,349 students aged 10–15 who participated in the survey. Data from the project were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis and an independent t-test. The results showed that well-being, security, and trust correlate positively with each other. Pupils who responded to the survey and had changed schools were on average just as happy compared to those who had not changed schools. In addition, there was a significant difference in the security experience, where those who did not change schools felt safer. Those who changed schools experienced a higher level of trust. As many of the respondents chose not to answer, this could affect the generalizability of the results. The discussion highlights the effect of school closures on students' experience of well-being, security, and trust in school.

The history of the mining industry indicates a lack of understanding among the decision-makers of the impact the closure of mines has on the industry and the associated effects on the society and surrounding environment. The policies of the mining industry do make provision for a planned mine closure, but not for an unexpected closure. This detrimental aspect of closures in the mining industry is highlighted in the present study. The present study investigates how mineworkers’ dependency on their employment at a mine affects their ability to sustain their livelihoods. Vulnerable livelihoods leave the community at a greater risk to be affected by a disaster, than the livelihoods of a community that is resilient and has sustainable resources. Even though mineworkers are not considered as poor at the time of their employment, a mine closure could render them into a status called ‘transitional poverty’. This study also highlights that mineworkers who are skilled for mining operations only do not overcome the status of ‘transitional poverty’ and hence enter a phase called ‘chronic poverty’. This stage constitutes their inability to negotiate livelihood strategies and livelihood outcomes that could sustain a household. Thus humanitarian assistance would be needed from outside sources. Planning for unexpected mine closures should also be on the agenda of the mining industry due to the extreme consequences such an event holds for the mining community experiencing the event. In the case under investigation, the unexpected mine closures occurred in the Grootvlei mine in Springs and the Orkney mine owned by the Aurora Empowerment Systems Ltd. at the time of this study. These closures left the surrounding communities in need of food, shelter and clean water. The inhabitants gradually lost their livelihood assets. A contingency planning model is proposed at the end of this study to address the short-term and long-term consequences of an unexpected mine closure. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014