Par une contestation radicale du patriarcat et visant une « libération des femmes », les mouvements féministes qui se développent dans les années 1970 ont contribué à remettre en question les rapports de genre dans de nombreux domaines. À partir d’une recherche combinant travail sur archives, enquête par questionnaire et entretiens, la thèse prend pour objet l’engagement de femmes dans ces mobilisations en France. Elle vise à comprendre comment la participation à ce mouvement social – caractérisé par la politisation de la sphère privée – a transformé les trajectoires de militantes « ordinaires » et celles de leurs enfants. Au moyen d’une approche localisée et comparée, la thèse analyse d’abord les contextes militants dans lesquels les féministes ont circulé et ont été socialisées. Retraçant les mobilisations féministes qui se déploient à Lyon et à Grenoble entre 1970 et 1984, elle revisite l’histoire des féminismes français de la « deuxième vague ». Étudiant ensuite les carrières militantes des féministes, la thèse montre les effets socialisateurs durables de ces engagements et leur empreinte sur les différentes sphères de leur vie. Des analyses séquentielles permettent de mettre au jour leurs principaux devenirs jusqu’à aujourd’hui, sur le plan politique comme sur le plan personnel. Resserrant la focale d’analyse sur les féministes devenues mères, l’enquête révèle finalement par quels pratiques et processus une transmission familiale du féminisme s’est opérée et quels héritages politiques en résultent chez les enfants. Elle dégage plusieurs facteurs pour comprendre les appropriations différenciées de ces héritages parmi la deuxième génération. / The feminist movements that arose in the 1970’s, promoting a radical contestation of patriarchy and committed to “women’s liberation”, helped challenge gender relations in many areas. Built upon an empirical research that combines archival work, questionnaires and interviews, my dissertation focuses on the women who took part in these mobilizations in France. It aims to understand how the involvement in this movement, characterised by the politicization of the private sphere, transformed “common” activists’ trajectories and those of their children. Using a local and comparative approach, this work first analyses the contexts in which the feminists evolved and were socialised. By tracing the feminist mobilizations that unfolded in Lyons and Grenoble between 1970 and 1984, it also revisits the history of the “second wave” French women’s movements. The study of the feminists’ activist careers then highlights the lasting socialising effects of their commitments and the impact they had on different areas of their life. Likewise, the use of sequence analysis reveals the trajectories they followed until present day, both from a political and personal prospect. Finally, a deeper focus on the activists who became mothers uncovers how intergenerational transmission of feminism occurred and which political contents the children inherited. In particular, this dissertation proposes several factors that help understand the differentiated appropriations of this heritage among the second generation.

La représentation collective des salariés se caractérise par une pluralité de sources : internationales, européennes, étatiques et professionnelles. Leur identification permet d’établir une cartographie. Certaines ont pour objet de garantir les droits fondamentaux des salariés d’essence collective. D’autres participent plus directement à structurer le système de représentation collective des salariés. Cette cartographie renseigne ensuite sur leur importance respective à régir ce dernier domaine. Le développement du droit de l’Union européenne d’un côté et l’essor de la négociation collective de l’autre tendent ainsi à relativiser l’importance traditionnelle de la loi. De même, la promotion des normes négociées conduit corrélativement à un déclin des normes issues du pouvoir patronal. Leur articulation permet de comprendre les différents rapports qu’elles nouent entre elles. Elle met en évidence ce vers quoi est orientée l’articulation des sources de la représentation collective des salariés. Classiquement, cette articulation vise à garantir le droit des salariés à être représentés. De manière renouvelée, elle s’inscrit dans un processus de contractualisation et de décentralisation de la production normative. Le domaine de la représentation collective de salariés n’offre pas seulement une illustration particulière et vivante des mutations des sources du droit. Caractérisé par l’importance des normes de structure, il est un parfait observatoire pour appréhender le dynamisme de l’agencement des sources du droit et pour comprendre les mécanismes qui rendent possibles les déplacements d’une source à l’autre. / Workers’ collective representation is guaranteed by several sources of Law: international, European, statutes and collective bargaining. Pinpointing all of them enables a “map-making”. Some sources are to ensure workers’ collective fundamental rights. Some others aim to design workers representation. This « law-mapping » indicates each law’s respective importance. The increasing importance of the European Union law and of the collective bargaining in this matter alleviates statutes’ traditional role. In the same time the increasing role of collective bargaining diminishes management role in this respect. Studying the coordination of the different laws helps to understand their functions regarding one another. It makes possible to identify their purpose. Traditionally, such a coordination aims only to ensures workers’ representation. Now on, this coordination falls within the scope of a « contractualized » and decentralized normative production. Workers’ collective representation is not only a topic illustration of sources of laws mutation, it is also a field to observe the dynamic current of their coordination and interaction.

No description available.

This thesis investigates the counter-hegemonic formation of Danish-based transnational feminist curatorial collective Kuratorisk Aktion in a single-case study. It serves as a unique example, presenting how the collective engages to overcome the existing gap between curatorial aims and the implementation through curating. Their work and approach is shaped highly by their political mindset, aiming to resist tendencies of depoliticisation, right-wing populism or neoliberalism with the means of curating. Chantal Mouffe’s theory of radical democracy and her deliberations and notions concerning agonisms, citizenship, feminism, counter-hegemonic interventions and activism through art are used in order to contextualise and discuss the possibilities and limitations of the political work by Kuratorisk Aktion. An interview with the collective conducted by scholar Angela Dimitrakaki in 2010 as well as their realised curatorial projects enhanced the argumentation. The analysis exemplified, that over the years Kuratorisk Aktion has developed their personal and exceptional curatorial paradigm, which is able to counteract hegemonic structures. This reveals their radical democratic potential and aspiration through curating and the curatorial.

En parallèle de chercher à survivre dans un contexte économique difficile, les entreprises doivent désormais compter avec des contraintes environnementales de plus en plus pesantes. En effet, en tant que patrimoine commun, la protection de l’environnement est désormais d’intérêt général. La complexité du sort de la créance environnementale dans les procédures collectives est essentiellement due à la difficulté de concilier et de hiérarchiser les ordres publics économique et écologique. Là où le premier recherche la sauvegarde des entreprises et des emplois qui y sont attachés, le second ne regarde que la préservation, sur le long terme, du patrimoine commun. Cette étude se propose donc d’étudier la façon dont ces deux disciplines interagissent et si une conciliation de ces deux ordres public est envisageable ou si, au contraire, il convient de mettre en place des solutions qui transcendent ces matières. / At the same time, in the face of trying to survive in a difficult economic context, companies must now count on increasingly heavy environmental constraints. Indeed, as a common heritage, the protection of the environment is now of general interest. The complexity of the fate of environmental claims in collective proceedings is mainly due to the difficulty of reconciling and prioritizing public economic and ecological orders. Where the former seeks to safeguard the enterprises and the jobs attached to them, the second concerns only the long-term preservation of the common heritage. This study therefore proposes to study the way in which these two disciplines interact and whether a conciliation of these two public orders can be envisaged or whether, on the contrary, solutions should be put in place that transcend these two disciplines.

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender os processos de musicalização de adultos em situações coletivas e qual o papel das interações sociais nessa construção. Desse modo, o principal problema de pesquisa está relacionado à análise dos processos de aprendizagem musical e das formas de cooperação nas produções musicais de adultos, em ambiente construtivista e interacionista. Questiona-se, ainda, se as interações entre universos simbólicos e estruturações lógicas diferenciadas sobre a música, ou seja, interações sociais diversificadas podem mobilizar o sistema de significação individual dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de musicalização levando-os a posturas mais criativas e a um descentramento progressivo, em termos de cooperação e autonomia na produção musical. O corpo teórico para a análise dos dados está centrado na Epistemologia Genética piagetiana e no que a pesquisadora chama de estruturalismo psico-sócio-genético, fusão entre alguns pensadores da Escola de Genebra. A metodologia utilizada para o recolhimento de dados foi inspirada no Método Dialético-Didático, desenvolvido durante uma Oficina de Musicalização Coletiva com duração de 60 horas (vinte encontros de três horas semanais), que foi registrada em vídeo para posterior análise. A pesquisadora lançou tarefas e desafiou os nove sujeitos desta pesquisa a agirem de modo criativo e reflexivo sobre atividades musicais que envolveram apreciações musicais ativas, recriações e criações variadas de organizações sonoras em forma de música. Lançou também questionamentos a fim de possibilitar tomadas de consciência, através das reflexões coletivas sobre as atividades e exercícios realizados. Para mapear as estruturas mentais dos sujeitos antes e após a participação da Oficina, a pesquisadora utilizou-se do Método Clínico em forma de provas musicais como pré-teste e pós-teste. As provas foram criadas durante sua Dissertação de Mestrado. O estudo visa a contribuir para fornecer dados sobre as condutas psico-sociais musicais para que se possa pensar sobre os modos de procedimento em um ambiente de Educação Musical construtivista e interacionista e na importância de se trabalhar a cooperação para a inclusão de todos em processo de musicalização. / This study has the purpose of understanding music learning processes of adults in collective situations and the hole of social interaction of this construction. The main objective of this research is the analyses of adult processes of learning and how they cooperate to produce in an interactive and constructivist environment. Furthermore, this study argues about the relationship among symbolic universes and differentiated logical structures about music, and how such relationship could encourage the individual system of signification and promote a more creative production and a progressively decentralization process to cooperate and get autonomy on musical inventions. The data analyses are focused in Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology and what the researcher calls as psych-social-genetic structuralism. This concept is a synthesis of some School of Geneva’s studies. The methodology used for the data collect was inspired on the dialetic-didatict method, developed on a musical education workshop. The workshop had consist of twenty classes of three hours each. The classes were recorded on video. The researcher provided challenging scenarios for the subjects in order to verify creative and reflexive proceedings. The activities were about active musical audition, recreations and compositions to arrange musical sets. The researcher made some questions to allow the grasp of consciousness through collective thoughts about the exercises and the activities. To comprehend the thinking structures of the subjects, the researcher used the Piaget’s Clinical Method applied in pre-tests (before the workshop) and pos-tests (after the classes). These tests were created during the Master Degree Course. This study wants to extend the thoughts about musical psych-social conducts inside a constructivist and interactive environment. This new picture of musical education brought new perception to work the cooperation concept, considering everyone on the musical education process.

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender os processos de musicalização de adultos em situações coletivas e qual o papel das interações sociais nessa construção. Desse modo, o principal problema de pesquisa está relacionado à análise dos processos de aprendizagem musical e das formas de cooperação nas produções musicais de adultos, em ambiente construtivista e interacionista. Questiona-se, ainda, se as interações entre universos simbólicos e estruturações lógicas diferenciadas sobre a música, ou seja, interações sociais diversificadas podem mobilizar o sistema de significação individual dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de musicalização levando-os a posturas mais criativas e a um descentramento progressivo, em termos de cooperação e autonomia na produção musical. O corpo teórico para a análise dos dados está centrado na Epistemologia Genética piagetiana e no que a pesquisadora chama de estruturalismo psico-sócio-genético, fusão entre alguns pensadores da Escola de Genebra. A metodologia utilizada para o recolhimento de dados foi inspirada no Método Dialético-Didático, desenvolvido durante uma Oficina de Musicalização Coletiva com duração de 60 horas (vinte encontros de três horas semanais), que foi registrada em vídeo para posterior análise. A pesquisadora lançou tarefas e desafiou os nove sujeitos desta pesquisa a agirem de modo criativo e reflexivo sobre atividades musicais que envolveram apreciações musicais ativas, recriações e criações variadas de organizações sonoras em forma de música. Lançou também questionamentos a fim de possibilitar tomadas de consciência, através das reflexões coletivas sobre as atividades e exercícios realizados. Para mapear as estruturas mentais dos sujeitos antes e após a participação da Oficina, a pesquisadora utilizou-se do Método Clínico em forma de provas musicais como pré-teste e pós-teste. As provas foram criadas durante sua Dissertação de Mestrado. O estudo visa a contribuir para fornecer dados sobre as condutas psico-sociais musicais para que se possa pensar sobre os modos de procedimento em um ambiente de Educação Musical construtivista e interacionista e na importância de se trabalhar a cooperação para a inclusão de todos em processo de musicalização. / This study has the purpose of understanding music learning processes of adults in collective situations and the hole of social interaction of this construction. The main objective of this research is the analyses of adult processes of learning and how they cooperate to produce in an interactive and constructivist environment. Furthermore, this study argues about the relationship among symbolic universes and differentiated logical structures about music, and how such relationship could encourage the individual system of signification and promote a more creative production and a progressively decentralization process to cooperate and get autonomy on musical inventions. The data analyses are focused in Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology and what the researcher calls as psych-social-genetic structuralism. This concept is a synthesis of some School of Geneva’s studies. The methodology used for the data collect was inspired on the dialetic-didatict method, developed on a musical education workshop. The workshop had consist of twenty classes of three hours each. The classes were recorded on video. The researcher provided challenging scenarios for the subjects in order to verify creative and reflexive proceedings. The activities were about active musical audition, recreations and compositions to arrange musical sets. The researcher made some questions to allow the grasp of consciousness through collective thoughts about the exercises and the activities. To comprehend the thinking structures of the subjects, the researcher used the Piaget’s Clinical Method applied in pre-tests (before the workshop) and pos-tests (after the classes). These tests were created during the Master Degree Course. This study wants to extend the thoughts about musical psych-social conducts inside a constructivist and interactive environment. This new picture of musical education brought new perception to work the cooperation concept, considering everyone on the musical education process.

L'4He et l'3He sont des systèmes modèles pour comprendre les propriétés quantiques de la matière fortement corrélée. C'est pour cette raison que plusieurs études ont été consacrées à la compréhension de leur dynamique. A basses températures où les effets quantiques jouent un rôle essentiel, les excitations élémentaires dans l'4He sont décrites par un mode collectif d'excitations: phonon-roton. Par contre pour un système d'3He la description est plus complexe, le spectre d'excitation a deux composantes: un mode collectif (zéro-son) et un continuum d'excitations incohérentes de type particule-trou. Les deux sont bien décrites par la théorie de Landau des liquides de Fermi qui trouve sa validité pour des petits vecteurs d'onde. Jusqu'à présent, on supposait que la dynamique dans les liquides de Fermi à vecteurs d'onde élevés était essentiellement incohérente. Cette thèse porte sur l'exploration, par diffusion inélastique de neutrons, des excitations collectives dans l'3He liquide 2D adsorbé sur un substrat de graphite. Un tel travail expérimental requiert trois ingrédients essentiels : un réfrigérateur à dilution afin de travailler à basses températures, un spectromètre temps de vol afin de mesurer le facteur de structure dynamique du système et un substrat solide (graphite exfolié ZYX) pour la préparation de films d'3He-2D par physisorption. Nos expériences sur ces films d'3He déposés en deuxième couche sur de l'4He solide adsorbé sur le graphite nous ont permis de faire les observations suivantes : à petit vecteur d'onde, le zéro-son est plus proche de la bande particule-trou que celui observé dans le cas de l'3He massif, tandis qu'à fort vecteur d'onde le mode collectif entre dans le continuum et réapparait de l'autre côté. Cette nouvelle branche, observée pour la première fois, est aujourd'hui décrite par la théorie dynamique à N-corps développée par nos collaborateurs de l'université Johannes Kepler de Linz, Autriche. Au cours de ce travail de thèse plusieurs techniques expérimentales ont été développées, en particulier, un réfrigérateur à dilution sans fluide cryogénique robuste adapté à des expériences de diffusion neutronique. Son optimisation a permis de réduire le temps de refroidissement de ce type de réfrigérateurs. / 4He and 3He are model systems for understanding quantum properties of strongly interacting matter. For this reason many studies have been devoted for the understanding of their dynamics. At low temperatures at which quantum effects play an essential role, the elementary excitations in 4He are described by a phonon-roton collective mode. For 3He, the physical description is more complicated, the spectrum has two components: collective excitations (zero-sound) and incoherent particle-hole excitations. Both are described by Landau's theory of Fermi liquids which is valid at low wave vectors. So far, it was thus believed that the dynamics at high wave vectors is essentially incoherent. This thesis is mainly concerned by exploring the collective excitations of a two dimensional 3He film adsorbed on graphite, using inelastic neutron scattering. Such an experiment has three main requirements: a dilution refrigerator in order to work at low temperatures, a time of flight spectrometer for measuring the dynamical structure factor of 3He and a solid substrate (exfoliated graphite ZYX) to obtain a two dimensional film by physical adsorption. Our investigations of the dynamics in two-dimensional 3He adsorbed on graphite preplated with 4He films have revealed important features: At low wave-vectors, the zero-sound mode is considerably depressed compared to bulk 3He. At higher wave vectors, the collective excitations branch enters the particle-hole continuum, and reappears at the lower energy branch of the continuum. This new branch, observed for the first time, is described by the dynamic many-body theory developed by our collaborators from Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. During this work several low temperature techniques have been developed, in particular a robust, cryogen-free dilution refrigerator adapted to the demanding conditions of a neutron scattering experiments. Due to its efficient design, the cooling time has been considerably reduced compared to that of refrigerators of the same type developed in the past.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação foi elaborada a partir do livro Rupestre Contemporâneo, Nadam Guerra e 10 anos do Grupo UM, que integrou a exposição de mesmo nome realizada em outubro e novembro de 2013 na Galeria de Arte do IBEU com Curadoria de Bernardo Mosqueira. Nesta exposição individual de Nadam Guerra foram apresentadas obras em parceria de Nadam Guerra com Leo Liz, Aline Elias, Euclides Terra, Domingos Guimaraens e Juca Amélio. O texto é construído na forma de diálogo entre os artistas do Grupo UM e convidados pensando a produção e o histórico do grupo além de temas das práticas artísticas atuais como criação coletiva, diluição da identidade, alterego, escritas de si, convergência de linguagem artísticas, arte, vida, ficção, os modos de produção e circulação da arte no mundo. Ao que se acrescenta mais duas camadas de discurso nas notas de pé de página e em comentários laterais criando um texto polifônico de teoria de artista. / This work is based on the book Rupestre Contemporâneo, Nadam Guerra e 10 anos de Grupo UM (Contemporary Rupestre, Nadam Guerra and 10 years of Grupo UM ), which was part of the exhibition with the same name held in October and November 2013 in IBEU Art gallery, curated by Bernardo Mosqueira. In this Nadam Guerras solo exhibition it has shown works in partnership with Nadam Guerra Leo Liz, Aline Elias, Euclides Terra e Juca Amélio. The text is constructed in the form of dialogue between artists from Grupo UM and guests thinking production and the group's history as well as topics of current artistic practices as collective creation, identity dilution alter ego, written themselves, convergence of artistic language, art, life, fiction, modes of production and art movement in the world. With the addition of two more layers speech in the footer notes and comments sides creating a polyphonic text of artist theory.

Entre 1972 et 1984, des non médecins du Mouvement pour la liberté de l’avortement et de la contraception ont pratiqué des avortements hors de la sphère médicale, dans le même temps que la professionnalisation de l’acte s’accélérait. Au moyen d’une ethnographie historique combinant un large corpus d’entretiens rétrospectifs et d’archives, la thèse s’intéresse à la politisation de l’avortement et éclaire sa constitution en problème de santé publique. Cette étude localisée de groupes MLAC ayant revendiqué une pratique propose une analyse incarnée à la fois de l’instauration du monopole médical sur l’avortement et des résistances à ce processus. Dans le temps de la lutte, médecins comme profanes participent à l’acclimatation et à l’adaptation en France de la méthode par aspiration. Il est remarquable que, des collaborations et conflits découlant de ces interactions, l’autorisation d’accès aux savoirs élaborés en commun ait échu aux seul⋅es détenteurs/rices de titres médicaux.La thèse constitue ensuite en objet d’étude le cas exceptionnel des MLAC qui ont maintenu une pratique profane après le vote de la loi sur l’IVG et renouvelé leur radicalité malgré la phase d’institutionnalisation dans laquelle sont entrés les acquis féministes. En remettant en cause tant la spécialisation des actes corporels que la domination patriarcale des corps féminins, ces « dissidentes » affirment progressivement l’orientation féministe de leur action. Au même moment, l’infusion du self-help en France soutient la réorientation de leur registre de revendication en enrichissant leur armature idéologique. La façon dont elles se l’approprient, alliée à la politisation de l’existence quotidienne des femmes et au développement de nouvelles pratiques de soins – les accouchements notamment –, invitent à considérer les MLAC dissidents comme une mobilisation de santé. / From 1972 to 1984, unskilled members (i.e. without a medical degree) of the Movement for the Liberation of Abortion and Birth Control aborted women outside medical spheres, whereas the practice was getting more and more professional. Thanks to a historical ethnography combining a wide corpus of retrospective interviews and archives, the thesis focuses on the politicization of abortion and highlights its constitution as a matter of public health. This survey of some local committees of the MLAC which claimed this practice puts forward a deep analysis of both the establishment of the medical monopoly of abortion and protests against this process. During the fight, physicians and unskilled practitioners take part in the introduction and adaptation in France of the aspiration method. We can notice that from collaborations and conflicts resulting from these interactions, the authorized access to the technical know-how learnt in common benefited only fully qualified physicians.The thesis then looks into the outstanding subject of the MLACs which maintained the practice outside medical structures after a bill was passed in favour of IVG – i.e voluntary termination of pregnancy – and resumed their radical militancy in spite of the institutionalization step including feminist achievements. By questioning both the specialization of practices on bodies and the patriarchal domination of female bodies, these « dissidents » gradually assert the feminist orientation of their action. At the same time, the spreading of self help in France supports the reorientation of their demands and enriches their ideological basis. The way they appropriate new orientations, plus the politization of women’s daily life and the development of new caring methods – notably deliveries (childbirths) – urge us to consider dissident MLACs as a mobilization for health.