Au sein du vaste phénomène pan-européen de l’émergence de nombreuses sépultures collectives apparaissent à partir de la deuxième moitié du 4e millénaire av. J.-C. des structures dites allées sépulcrales dans deux régions distinctes, notamment en Hesse et Westphalie, dans le Bassin parisien et avec de faibles effectifs en Belgique et aux Pays-Bas. Ces caveaux de matériaux diverses et de forme rectangulaire sont organisés en une antichambre courte réservée au dépôt de mobiliers collectifs et en une vaste chambre funéraire réservée aux dépôts successifs de nombreux défunts. Les similitudes architecturales entre les structures de ces deux aires géographiques furent reconnues dès le 20ème siècle et la nature de leurs liens a été dès lors interrogée à partir de perspectives diffusionnistes. La trajectoire d’influences unilinéaires varia au cours du temps en fonction du progrès des méthodes et de la mise en œuvre de datations par le radiocarbone. Ce travail s’est penché une fois de plus sur cette question, en effectuant une analyse comparative à deux niveaux: une comparaison empirique de toutes les tombes recensées afin de vérifier en quoi les structures collectives correspondent effectivement à un stéréotype architectural et afin de saisir les variations potentielles entre elles sur le plan régional, et d’autre part une comparaison qualitative de trois Galeriegräber et six allées sépulcrales afin de déceler à quel degré leurs modes de fonctionnement convergent ou diffèrent en fonction d’aspects architecturaux distincts et régionaux. Ce travail interroge enfin la manière dont on peut considérer ces tombes comme les vestiges d’une idéologie partagée de la mort. / Amidst the pan-European phenomenon of the rise of numerous collective burials in the second half of the 4th millennium BC appear so-called gallery graves in two distinct regions, notably in Hessia and Westphalia, in the Paris Basin, and in scarce numbers also in Belgium and the Netherlands. These collective burial vaults of diverse construction materials and of rectangular shape are organised in a short antechamber reserved to the deposit of collective grave good assemblages and in a long chamber sheltering numerous deceased individuals, which were deposited successively. The similarities of the structures of both main study regions in terms of architecture were already noted since the 20th century and the nature of the ties binding latter have since then been interrogated in the line of diffusionist approaches. The resulting presumptions of the direction of unilinear diffusionist processes changed according to the progress of dating methods and processing of radiocarbon samples. With the present research work, the issue was revived anew, and this time via a twofold comparative analysis: A first, empirical comparative analysis is destined to check at what level the collective structures correspond to a structural stereotype and to inform us in terms of potentially regional variations. A second, qualitative comparison included three Galeriegräber and six allées sépulcrales in order to determine to what degree their uses conferred or differed according to distinct architectural and regional features. The resulting observations are finally argued jointly concerning to what extent we finally can consider them the remains of a shared ideology of death.

O presente trabalho pretende repensar alguns possíveis pontos de contato entre arte e política - tomando a produção do espaço urbano por práticas artísticas e sua aproximação com o ativismo político - no processo de colaboração entre artistas, coletivos artísticos e Movimento Sem-Teto do Centro (MSTC) na Ocupação Prestes Maia, em São Paulo, entre os anos 2003 e 2007. / The present work aims to rethink some possible points of contact between art and politics - taking the production of urban space for artistic practices and their approach to political activism - through the process of collaboration between artists, artistic collectives and the Homeless Movement [Movimento Sem-Teto do Centro MSTC], Prestes Maia Occupation in Sao Paulo, between 2003 and 2007.

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender os processos de musicalização de adultos em situações coletivas e qual o papel das interações sociais nessa construção. Desse modo, o principal problema de pesquisa está relacionado à análise dos processos de aprendizagem musical e das formas de cooperação nas produções musicais de adultos, em ambiente construtivista e interacionista. Questiona-se, ainda, se as interações entre universos simbólicos e estruturações lógicas diferenciadas sobre a música, ou seja, interações sociais diversificadas podem mobilizar o sistema de significação individual dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de musicalização levando-os a posturas mais criativas e a um descentramento progressivo, em termos de cooperação e autonomia na produção musical. O corpo teórico para a análise dos dados está centrado na Epistemologia Genética piagetiana e no que a pesquisadora chama de estruturalismo psico-sócio-genético, fusão entre alguns pensadores da Escola de Genebra. A metodologia utilizada para o recolhimento de dados foi inspirada no Método Dialético-Didático, desenvolvido durante uma Oficina de Musicalização Coletiva com duração de 60 horas (vinte encontros de três horas semanais), que foi registrada em vídeo para posterior análise. A pesquisadora lançou tarefas e desafiou os nove sujeitos desta pesquisa a agirem de modo criativo e reflexivo sobre atividades musicais que envolveram apreciações musicais ativas, recriações e criações variadas de organizações sonoras em forma de música. Lançou também questionamentos a fim de possibilitar tomadas de consciência, através das reflexões coletivas sobre as atividades e exercícios realizados. Para mapear as estruturas mentais dos sujeitos antes e após a participação da Oficina, a pesquisadora utilizou-se do Método Clínico em forma de provas musicais como pré-teste e pós-teste. As provas foram criadas durante sua Dissertação de Mestrado. O estudo visa a contribuir para fornecer dados sobre as condutas psico-sociais musicais para que se possa pensar sobre os modos de procedimento em um ambiente de Educação Musical construtivista e interacionista e na importância de se trabalhar a cooperação para a inclusão de todos em processo de musicalização. / This study has the purpose of understanding music learning processes of adults in collective situations and the hole of social interaction of this construction. The main objective of this research is the analyses of adult processes of learning and how they cooperate to produce in an interactive and constructivist environment. Furthermore, this study argues about the relationship among symbolic universes and differentiated logical structures about music, and how such relationship could encourage the individual system of signification and promote a more creative production and a progressively decentralization process to cooperate and get autonomy on musical inventions. The data analyses are focused in Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology and what the researcher calls as psych-social-genetic structuralism. This concept is a synthesis of some School of Geneva’s studies. The methodology used for the data collect was inspired on the dialetic-didatict method, developed on a musical education workshop. The workshop had consist of twenty classes of three hours each. The classes were recorded on video. The researcher provided challenging scenarios for the subjects in order to verify creative and reflexive proceedings. The activities were about active musical audition, recreations and compositions to arrange musical sets. The researcher made some questions to allow the grasp of consciousness through collective thoughts about the exercises and the activities. To comprehend the thinking structures of the subjects, the researcher used the Piaget’s Clinical Method applied in pre-tests (before the workshop) and pos-tests (after the classes). These tests were created during the Master Degree Course. This study wants to extend the thoughts about musical psych-social conducts inside a constructivist and interactive environment. This new picture of musical education brought new perception to work the cooperation concept, considering everyone on the musical education process.

A tese investiga a produção textual e o trabalho de grupos de teatro sediados na Cidade de São Paulo que venho documentando desde 2006: Teatro da Vertigem, Os Satyros, Os Fofos Encenam, Grupo XIX de Teatro, Companhia Livre, Club Noir, Companhia Estável e Teatro Kunyn, entre outros. Uma das metas deste projeto de pesquisa foi construir um panorama da diversidade e da efervescência da cena paulistana contemporânea, que, nas últimas décadas, atravessa um momento de extrema vitalidade. Como documentarista da cena e também como dramaturgo, tenho interagido artisticamente com essas companhias e meu objetivo foi analisar as dramáticas dos espetáculos, as escrituras dramatúrgicas das criações coletivas, frequentemente deflagradas por processos colaborativos. Após estudar a base teórica de cada coletivo, investiguei como essas influências se capilarizaram na trajetória dos grupos e como tudo foi decantando no texto, gerando dramaturgias fraturadas, atravessadas por rastros processuais, por improvisações e workshops criados a partir de pesquisas e de depoimentos pessoais, por fissuras interativas na recepção do público e por brechas escancaradas à performatividade do elenco e à imponderabilidade do espaço urbano. Também analisei as construções narrativas dos filmes realizados em parceria com as companhias, focalizando os diferentes diálogos e a hibridação da linguagem do teatro com a do cinema, e vice-versa. / This thesis investigates the text production and the work of theater companies based in the city of São Paulo which I have been documenting since 2006: Teatro da Vertigem, Os Satyros, Os Fofos Encenam, Grupo XIX de Teatro, Companhia Livre, Club Noir, Companhia Estável and Teatro Kunyn, among others. One of the aims of this research project is to compose a panorama of the diverse and effervescent contemporary São Paulo scene, which has been bursting with vitality for the past few decades. As a stage documentarian and a playwright, I have interacted with these companies with an artist\'s outlook so as to analyze the dramatic aspects of their final productions and the collective creations in playwriting often sparked by collaborative processes. After studying the theoretical foundation of each group, I set out to investigate how those influences permeated the group\'s history and how they were decanted into text, generating fractured dramaturgies marked by traces of creative processes, by improvisation and workshops derived from research and personal testimonies, by interactive cracks in the public\'s response and by the wide possibilities opened to the cast\'s performance and the unpredictability of the urban setting. I have also analyzed the narrative structure of films made in partnership with these companies, focusing on the different dialogues and on the hybridization of the theatrical and cinematic languages.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-11-08T13:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Sandra_Silva_2018.pdf: 1053978 bytes, checksum: 44a284d8cb94dba426f9246bfe53216d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T13:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Sandra_Silva_2018.pdf: 1053978 bytes, checksum: 44a284d8cb94dba426f9246bfe53216d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-09 / This dissertation contemplates a comparative study between the dramaturgical text The Threepenny Opera (1928) and The Threepenny Novel (1934), by Bertolt Brecht, in which focuses the comprehension of the esthetic elements developed by Brecht in the epic theater: distancing effect and social gestus. The research presents reflections on the development and self-appropriation of the conceptual formulations proposed by Brecht in different textual genres, but which maintains narrativity, since epic theater is essentially narrative. Understanding the formal differences among literary genres, temporalities and historical contexts, we tried to verify how Brecht transmigrates elements of his dialectical epic theater to the romanesque narrative and how these elements contribute to read the social relations and their historical and idiosyncratic temporalities. The research also presents a study on Brazilian theater groups and collectives that re-elaborate Brechtian aesthetics in their plays in contemporary times. So, the present dissertation is articulated from three parts, named as acts. Act One has a reflection on the theory of the Brechtian dialectic theater, especially on the distancing effect and the social gestus, and based on these reflections, it is analyzed how these elements of the Brechtian theater are presented in the play The Threepenny Opera. Act Two presents a comparative analysis between the play and the novel, showing how the epic theater elements are presented in The Threepenny Novel. In Act Three we reflected on the scope of the Brechtian aesthetics in the Brazilian Collectives of Theater Companhia do Latão, Companhia do Feijão and Coletivo de Teatro Alfenim, and how these groups reimport the Brecht’s aesthetic. / Esta dissertação contempla um estudo comparado entre o texto dramatúrgico A Ópera dos Três Vinténs (1928) e o Romance dos Três Vinténs (1934), de Bertolt Brecht, no qual se foca a compreensão dos elementos estéticos desenvolvidos por Brecht no teatro épico: efeito de distanciamento e gestus social. A pesquisa apresenta reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento e as autoapropriações das formulações conceituais propostas por Brecht em gêneros textuais diferentes, mas que mantêm entre si a narratividade, uma vez que o teatro épico é essencialmente narrativo. Compreendendo-se as diferenças formais entre gêneros literários, temporalidades e contextos históricos, procurou-se verificar de que modo Brecht faz transmigrar elementos do seu teatro épico dialético para a narrativa romanesca e como tais elementos contribuem para para que se leia deles as relações sociais e suas temporalidades históricas e idiossincrasias. A pesquisa apresenta também um estudo sobre grupos e Coletivos de Teatro Brasileiros que reelaboram a estética brechtiana em suas peças na contemporaneidade. Desse modo, a presente dissertação está articulada a partir de três partes, intituladas como atos. O Ato I volta-se para a reflexão sobre a teoria do teatro dialético brechtiano, em especial sobre o efeito de distanciamento e o gestus social. Com base nestas reflexões, analisa-se como esses elementos do teatro brechtiano se apresentam na peça teatral Ópera dos Três Vinténs. O Ato II apresenta uma análise comparativa entre a peça e o romance, mostrando como tais elementos do teatro épico se fazem presentes no Romance dos Três Vinténs. No Ato III, refletimos sobre o alcance da estética brechtiana nos Coletivos de teatro Companhia do Latão, Companhia do Feijão, Coletivo de Teatro Alfenim, e como esses grupos ressignificam a estética brechtiana.

pesquisa tem como objetivo central estudar as sociedades contemporâneas, a partir das dinâmicas infocomunicativas em que se desdobram alguns fenômenos coletivos organizados em rede na América Latina. O objeto de pesquisa está delimitado ao contexto de manifestação em junho de 2013 no Brasil, e ao papel desenvolvido pelo coletivo Mídia NINJA nesses acontecimentos. O trabalho se complementa com comentários e comparações ocasionais de outros movimentos similares no continente americano. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se a técnica da netnografia, uma abordagem que adapta-se às contingencias específicas do contexto em estudo, além de pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas. A partir da análise dos dados, concluiu-se que a ação social contemporânea se diferencia de um modelo de organização política tradicional; ela se alinha com as experiências individuais dos atores antagonistas e com o uso e apropriação das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), o que coloca o acento na informação e na cultura como terreno estratégico dos conflitos. / This research project seeks to study the contemporary societies, from the info-communicative dynamics in the work developed by some collective phenomena organized in a network in Latin America. The object of this research is delimited to the context of the demonstration that took place in June 2013 in Brazil, and the role played by the collective media NINJA in these events. The work is complemented with comments and occasional comparisons of similar movements in the American continent. Methodologically, it uses the netnography technique because it is an approach customized to the specific contingencies of the context under study, as well as bibliographic and research through interviews. From the analysis of the data, it was concluded that contemporary social action differs from a traditional model of political organization; it aligns with the individual experiences of antagonistic actors and the use and appropriation of I, which highlights the information and culture as a strategic land conflicts.

Dans le secteur des crèches et de l’accueil de la petite enfance, la dimension identitaire au travail pèse sur les relations et sur le vécu des professionnelles. Cette thèse est centrée sur le groupe professionnel des éducatrices de jeunes enfants (EJE) dont les mutations récentes sont analyseurs de changements profonds du secteur qui abandonne progressivement la logique historique sanitaire pour une approche psychopédagogique. Ce travail propose une lecture critique des théories sociologiques de l’« identité professionnelle » et de la professionnalisation au prisme des études de genre et de la psychanalyse, et il rend compte des résultats d’une recherche empirique menée selon une approche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique. L’identité est ici conçue comme un discours performatif, selon les repères donnés par les théories queer. L’investigation empirique repose sur des entretiens avec des professionnelles et sur des observations de longue durée de crèches municipales et parentale. Le recrutement toujours massivement « féminin » des éducatrices, ainsi que les formes de souffrance au travail que cette thèse expose de manière inédite, témoignent des limites de la logique de l’« identité professionnelle », celle-ci produisant des divisions et des systèmes d’opposition catégorielle - le « professionnel », opposé au « maternel », au « féminin », à la « parentalité » et à l’« enfance » -, qui acculent les éducatrices dans des impasses et provoquent des rigidités relationnelles. L’imprégnation des éducatrices par les savoirs psychopédagogiques renforce le couple d’opposition mère-professionnelle du fait de l’importance donnée à la relation mère-enfant, toujours naturalisée, et cela malgré la prégnance des discours sur la parentalité. / In the sector of nurseries and day care centers, the identity dimension at work weighs on relationships and professional activities. This thesis is centered on the professional group of early childhood educators: the recent changes in this profession are analyzers for the profound changes in this activity area which gradually abandons the historic health approach for a psychological and pedagogical approach. This work offers a critical reading of sociological theories of "professional identity" and professionalization through the prism of gender studies and psychoanalysis. It also reports the results of an empirical research conducted through a psychoanalytically orientated clinical approach. Identity is here conceived as a performative speech, according to the landmarks given by the queer theories. The empirical investigation is based on interviews with professional and on long-term observations of municipal and parental day care centers. The still overwhelmingly 'female' recruitment of the educators, as well as forms of suffering at work that this thesis presents in a new way, reflect the logical limits of "professional identity", the latter producing divisions and systems of categorical oppositions - the "professional" opposed to the "mother", the "female", "parenting” and to “chilhood” - that drive educators into dead ends and cause relational rigidities. The impregnation of educators by psychological knowledge strengthens the mother-professional binary opposition because of the importance given to the still naturalized mother-child relationship, despite the significance of discourse on parenthood.

Cette thèse étudie un corpus de livres et d’expositions de photographies qui abordent les questions d’identité sociale, ethnique et nationale [en Grande-Bretagne]. Elle procède à une historicisation du champ photographique en s’intéressant au contexte social et politique de production et de diffusion des images, et en particulier aux politiques culturelles. Elle considère photographies et expositions comme des discours et pratiques qui contribuent à la formation des identités collectives. Le genre des photographies, et notamment le documentaire, est discuté au fil de l’étude, en lien avec la problématique de l’identification. En s’attachant aux rapports entre représentations, identités collectives, culture et pouvoir, l’analyse s’inscrit dans la lignée des cultural studies, dont quelques auteurs, comme Stuart Hall ou Paul Gilroy sont régulièrement évoqués. Il ressort que la photographie se fait le témoin et l’agent d’une dissolution des identités collectives dans les années 1990, en interrogeant l’identité nationale et ses vecteurs et en revendiquant un plus grand pluralisme culturel. Pour aborder la question sociale, devenue moins centrale, elle rompt avec le documentaire classique et la figure du photographe engagé. Par ailleurs, une photographie noire se structure autour d’Autograph-ABP. Lorsqu’une New Britain (jeune, créative et multiethnique) est promue par les travaillistes, la photographie en révèle les dissonances. Néanmoins, en entrant dans le domaine de l’art contemporain, le médium devient aussi l’objet des politiques culturelles multiculturalistes et se fait parfois source d’ethnicisation et d’essentialisation des identités. Après 2001, lorsque le multiculturalisme est critiqué, la photographie enregistre la diversité de la société britannique et démonte les stéréotypes qui visent particulièrement musulmans et réfugiés. Elle est aussi force de proposition dans la recherche de nouvelles formes de cohésion. Des pratiques documentaires collaboratives sont expérimentées pour un renouveau de la citoyenneté. La capacité de la photographie à explorer le rapport entre territoire et citoyens lui permet aussi d’inventer d’autres modes d’identification collective ancrés dans l’expérience quotidienne. / This thesis is based on a corpus of photography books and exhibitions dealing with social, ethnic, and national identities in Britain. It adopts a historicizing perspective by analysing the political and social contexts for the production and circulation of photographs, with special attention to cultural policies. Photographs and exhibitions are studied as narratives and practices that contribute to the formation of collective identities. The genre of photographs, and especially the notion of documentary, is discussed throughout the work, as a corollary to the question of identification. With a focus on representations, collective identities, culture and politics, this study lies in the field of cultural studies and regularly summons some of its prominent figures like Stuart Hall or Paul Gilroy. It shows that photography both documented and helped the dissolution of collective identities at the end of the 1990s, by questioning national identity and its representations, and by advocating greater cultural pluralism. As the social question became less prominent, photography departed from traditional social documentary forms and from the figure of the committed photographer. Parallel to this, in the wake of Black Arts, Black Photography was institutionalized with the creation of Autograph-ABP. It is also argued that when the New Labour party promoted a New Britain, some photographs acted as a magic mirror, revealing dissonances in the brand new narrative of a young, creative, multi-ethnic Britain. However, as photography entered the realm of contemporary art, it also became subject to the multiculturalist policies of the period and sometimes turned into a source of ethnicisation and essentialization. After 2001, as multiculturalism was questioned, photography kept documenting the diversity of British society and helped debunk stereotypes, especially those associated with Muslims and refugees in Britain. Finally, the late 2000s are analysed as a period when new modes of social cohesion are explored through photographic practices. Collaborative documentary projects are experimented to re-engage citizens. New photographs documenting the relation between people and territory in Britain seem to suggest that collective identification may rather be found in shared everyday experience.

Ce travail est dédié à l'étude du comportement agrégatif chez la fourmi Lasius niger afin de caractériser le phénomène au niveau collectif, par l'étude de la dynamique et de la structure agrégative, et au niveau des mécanismes sous-tendant le phénomène par l’analyse des comportements individuels des fourmis. Nous avons montré expérimentalement et vérifié par la modélisation que l’agrégation est essentiellement liée à un phénomène amplificateur :plus l’agrégat est de grande taille, plus les fourmis y restent longtemps. Nos résultats indiquent que le niveau d’agrégation et la structure formée sont dépendants de plusieurs facteurs comme la densité et la surface disponible :une évolution de la structure agrégative des nourrices est observée, passant d’un grand agrégat stable pour les petites densité-surface à plusieurs agrégats à hiérarchie de taille moins marquée pour les grandes densité-surface. L’agrégation est aussi influencée par la caste éthologique des fourmis, les nourrices s’agrégeant en un agrégat stable de grande taille, les fourrageuses en quelques petits agrégats instables. Cette différence s’explique par une probabilité plus faible des fourrageuses à rester dans l’agrégat. Dans les groupes mixtes, les fourmis gardent les caractères propres à leur caste, ne semblant pas influencées par la caste de l’individu rencontré. Enfin, l’agrégation diffère quantitativement mais non qualitativement selon l’espèce utilisée :nos études sur Crematogaster scutellaris, Atta sexdens-rubropilosa, Solenopsis invicta, Pheidole pallidula, Linepithema humile, Myrmica rubra et M. ruginodis montrent une grande variété de réponses, en nombre et en taille d’agrégats, qui est aussi fonction de la caste de fourmis utilisée. Une constance, cependant, apparaît dans nos résultats :les nourrices paraissent mieux s’agréger que les fourrageuses. Ces résultats sont discutés en fonction de leur valeur adaptative pour la colonie et d’un lien possible avec la distribution spatiale des individus à l’intérieur du nid./This work is dedicated to the study of the aggregative behaviour in the ant Lasius niger in order to characterize the phenomenon at the collective level by a study of the dynamic and the collective structure, and at the individual level to understand the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. We demonstrated experimentally and verified by a model that aggregation is essentially due to an amplificatory phenomenon: the greater the ant numbers in a cluster, the greater the time spent by an ant inside this cluster. Our results indicate that the aggregation level and the form of the collective structure depend on different factors such as the density and the surface: for brood-tenders, an evolution of the aggregative structure is observed shifting from a large stable aggregate for low density-surface to several smaller clusters with a less pronounced hierarchical size for the greater density-surface. Aggregation is also influenced by the ethological caste of the ant: the brood-tenders aggregate in a big stable cluster and the foragers in some unstable clusters. This difference is explained by a smaller probability of foragers to stay inside the cluster. In mixed groups, ants keep their own characteristics, not appearing to be influenced by the caste of the individual encountered. Finally, aggregation is influenced by the ant species: our studies on Crematogaster scutellaris, Atta sexdens-rubropilosa, Solenopsis invicta, Pheidole pallidula, Linepithema humile, Myrmica rubra and M. ruginodis show us a large variety of responses, in the number and the size of the clusters, which is also a function of the caste of ants which is used. A constant result, nevertheless, appears in our results: brood-tenders seem to aggregate better than foragers. These results are discussed in term of their adaptive value for the colony and a possible link with the spatial distribution of ants inside the nest. / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la continuité du travail poursuivi en Master 2 dans cette même université, dont le mémoire, soutenu en 2009, s’intitule « Du théâtre d’après un texte vers le texte d’après un théâtre ; dramaturgie et collectivité ». Son but est de problématiser la dichotomie texte-scène ainsi que la pensée binaire qui persiste encore derrière cette opposition. Pour cela, il s’agira d’interroger l’évolution et les différentes acceptions des concepts de dramaturgie ainsi que les changements qu’ont subi la place et les fonctions du dramaturge au sein de la création théâtrale actuelle. La définition/proposition des termes dramaturgisme et dramaturgiste – aussi bien au sein de l’institution qu’à celui de la création théâtrale – aideront à mieux distinguer ces concepts tout en les relativisant à la lumière des nouvelles manières de concevoir la création dramaturgique et les nouveaux paradigmes relationnels au sein des compagnies depuis une vingtaine d’années. L’idée de composition,tout comme celles de contrepoint et cartographie, nous seront, ici, autant d’outils pour mieux comprendre ces nouveaux territoires dramaturgiques.Il s’agit d’identifier, comparer et analyser les processus structurels et organisationnels de quelques compagnies théâtrales – notamment la création collective et surtout le processus collaboratif, surgi au Brésil dès la seconde moitié des années 1990 – qui,contrairement à la tendance actuelle (vérifiable au cours des vingt dernières années) tournent le dos au texte dramatique préexistant, à savoir le fait d’un auteur dramatique considéré comme tel, et construisent leur propre dramaturgie, issue de l’improvisation, de la recherche immédiate sur le plateau et du travail collectif. La dramaturgie prend ainsi un « troisième sens » qu’il convient de définir et théoriser à l’aide d’exemples concrets et d’un travail de terrain approfondi auprès de metteurs en scène, dramaturges et comédiens qui pratiquent une écriture plurielle et présentielle, sans cesse renouvelée. Quelle place possible pour la création textuelle, affranchie de tout rapport de force ou « dictature de sens » ? À quel point ces nouveaux processus déjouent ou rejouent le binarisme texte-scène ? / This research is the continuity of the Master’s work undertaken in this University and moreover of a dissertation defended in 2009 entitled « From Theatre from Text to Text fromTheatre ; dramaturgy and collectivity ». The aim is to question the dichotomy between the text and the stage as well as the generally binary thinking behind it. In order to do so we will inquire into the different pre-established concepts of dramaturgy and their evolution, and the changes in the functions and position of the dramaturge in contemporary theatre. The definition/suggestion of the terms dramaturgism and dramaturgist, in both contexts of theatrical institution and stage creation, will help better distinguish these ideas that we shall place in the perspective of new dramaturgical concepts as well as new paradigms of relationships within theatre companies in the past 20 years. The terms « composition »,« counterpoint » and « cartography » shall help us to understand these new dramaturgical territories.The aim is to identify, analyze and compare the structural and organizational processes (notably collective creation and specifically the collaborative process, as it emerged in Brazil in the second half of the 90’s) of a few theatre companies that (against thecurrent of the last twenty years) have veered away from pre-existing dramaturgical text and the idea of a theatrical author regarded as such, and have constructed their own unique dramaturgy from improvisation, immediate research within the space and the collective work. Dramaturgy is thus given a « third meaning » that needs to be defined and theorized with specific examples and extensive research with directors, dramaturges and actors who practice this present, plural and continuously renewed writing. What space is this where « the invention of writing » can exist free from binary thinking or « dictatorship of meaning » ? To what extent can these new processes redo or undo the dichotomous pair : text and stage ?