This study considers how significant multi-regional processes, such as Spanish colonization of the U.S. Southwest and the later Puebloan diaspora, affected the lives of Native peoples living on the Central Great Plains. Social and economic connections existed between Puebloan people and several Great Plains groups, including those known to archaeologists as the Dismal River Aspect (AD 1600-1750). One significant Dismal River site in western Kansas, the Scott County Pueblo (14SC1), includes the remains of a Dismal River occupation, a seven-room masonry pueblo, and Puebloan material culture. Previous researchers interested in 14SC1 have used Spanish historical documents and archaeological evidence to focus on who built the structure and why. To date, very few attempts have been made to move beyond this pueblo to consider how Puebloan migrants who moved to the Central High Plains were influencing Dismal River communities. The primary goal of this research was to determine the nature and extent to which Puebloan migrants impacted the lives of Dismal River groups, and how far these influences may have spread to Dismal River people living outside of western Kansas. This research employed reviews of available ethnographic and Spanish historic documents, the analysis of Dismal River ceramic assemblages, and the mineral and chemical characterization of raw material sources and ceramic samples. Ethnographic accounts provided evidence for variation found in foodways practices and ceramic vessel use between Great Plains and Puebloan groups, providing a baseline for Plains technological styles versus those commonly found in northern New Mexico. A careful analysis of how ceramic vessels were manufactured and used can provide insights into the practices and identity of the people who made them, and whether Puebloan practices were shared with Dismal River groups. The analysis of archaeological specimens, using both whole vessels and sherds, showed that Dismal River people living at and near the Scott County Pueblo in western Kansas were influenced by their interactions with Puebloan migrants. However, there was no ceramic evidence indicating that Puebloan migrants or their practices were present at Dismal River sites outside of Kansas. Evidence of Puebloan manufacturing practices, vessel forms, and foodways are present at three sites in western Kansas. Compositional analyses confirmed that while Dismal River Gray Ware ceramics were locally made, possible examples of Tewa Red Ware and Kapo Black recovered from Scott County sites were also locally made. These data indicate that adult Puebloan women were living in western Kansas, making pottery in culturally significant styles that they learned in their natal communities. These Puebloan women, while preserving their cultural heritage, were also influencing the Dismal River community they joined and likely passed their cultural practices on to their children. The characterization of micaceous ceramics recovered from many Dismal River sites indicates that they may have origins in both New Mexico and the Front Range and Laramie Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. Dismal River people living across the Central High Plains were tied into larger inter- and intra- regional exchange networks and much of their observed cultural variation likely stems from their interaction with different neighboring groups. Additional research is needed to identify the possible sources of these micaceous ceramics and to better understand how Native American-Native American interactions were impacting the identity, practice, and technology of groups living on the Plains during the Protohistoric period.

Sugarcane cultivation has played a key role in the development of the Caribbean since the seventeenth century A.D. The Eastern Caribbean island of Antigua in the West Indies was almost exclusively dedicated to sugarcane monoculture from the mid-1600s until its independence from Britain in 1981. This research seeks to better understand the landscape legacies left by long-term sugarcane monoculture at the site of Betty's Hope Plantation in Antigua. This study creates a 400-year simulation of crop yields using the USDA's Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC), and evaluates the simulated trajectory of landscape change using historical information about the plantation's agricultural yield and a geoarchaeological analysis of the regional landscape. Findings suggest that some parts of Betty's Hope have experienced degradation due to long-term sugarcane monoculture, but degradation in other parts of the region may be the result of the cessation of commercial agriculture in 1972, when human investment in the highly engineered landscape ended. If these results are representative of other parts of the island, then they suggest that current erosion and degradation experienced today cannot be attributed to intensive plantation agriculture alone, but rather are part of a complex mosaic of human- environmental interactions that includes abandonment of engineered landscapes.

The aim of my study is to comprehend why there is a significant gap in the economic development of Torres Strait. It questions why it is that Torres Strait Islanders as a whole remain largely economically unproductive in their present situation in contrast to the political beliefs of Islanders and their struggles for self-determination. It questions why Island leaders continue to accept policies of external control even though the guidelines for self development maintain the situation, rather than transforming it. Thus this thesis examines contemporary and traditional history of the Torres Strait in order to analyse and evaluate the development of the political structures of the Islands and how colonialism has influenced the politics of Torres Strait Islanders. I shift through the recorded layers of myths and legends for my interpretation and analyse the ethnographic accounts about Torres Strait from past archival reports, academic literature and the oral accounts from interviews. From the local media, I have examined the recent views of both the contented and discontented Islanders and other people reported in the local Torres News. From these records, I bring into perspective the historical processes of a capitalist economic system which has so deeply penetrated Islander culture. / Commencing in the 1860s, at the onset of the Torres Strait beche-de-mer and pearl shell industry, the system has so failed Torres Strait Islanders' social development that it moved Islander leaders in the 1980s to push for cessation from Australia and, in the mid 1900s to seek "autonomy and self government" to remain within the Australian political system. In this thesis, I use this evidence to bring into perspective the concept of development with awareness to the colonial history of Torres Strait in comparison with oral history interpreted as the culture of my people. The theme my thesis implicates the contestation between Torres Strait Islanders and governments who impose administrative policies through the Islander system of political representation (regarding Islander culture and resources).

This thesis examines the emergence of the nation in the British Empire in the process of thinking about empire, economy and biology during the late-Enlightenment and the nineteenth century. A key aspect of this, Knapman argues, was concern over the dialectic of civilization and order as it related to the barbarian and the savage. The notion of the barbarian grounded the European nations in time and therefore constructing a sense of origin and particularism. Equally the savage and the barbarian placed non-European cultures in time. The thesis draws on a range of writers from eighteenth and nineteenth centuries such as Adam Smith, Edward Gibbon, David Hume, Thomas Malthus, John Stuart Mill, Charles Darwin, James Cowles Prichard, Robert Knox and many other lesser-known figures. This is related to an examination of the nation in British representations of Southeast Asia, including colonial officials such as Stamford Raffles, John Crawfurd, and James Brooke who produced encyclopaedic accounts of their experiences in Asia. The thesis argues that while the complex grammar of the British Empire divided the world into spheres of civilisation and barbarism, it retained a special place for barbarians within the core and thus allowed for the naturalisation of nations within the context of an empire of civilizing others.

This thesis examines history teaching in New Zealand primary schools between 1900 and 1940, situating the discussion within an intertwined framework of the early twentieth-century New Education movement, and the history of Pakeha settler-colonialism. In particular, it draws attention to the ways in which the pedagogical aims of the New Education intersected with the settler goal of ‘indigenisation’: a process whereby native-born settlers in colonised lands seek to become ‘indigenous’, either by denying the presence of the genuine indigenes, or by appropriating aspects of their culture. Each chapter explores a particular set of pedagogical ideas associated with the New Education and relates it back to the broader context and ideology of settler-colonialism. It examines in turn the overarching goals of the New Education of ‘educating citizens’, within which twentieth-century educationalists sought to mobilise biography and local history to cultivate a ‘love of country’ in primary school pupils, exploring the centrality of the ‘local’ to the experience-based pedagogy of the New Education. Next, it argues that the tendency of textbook histories to depict governments – past and present – in an overwhelmingly positive light, served important ongoing colonising functions. Next it examines the influence of the Victorian ideal of ‘character’ in textbooks, particularly during the first two decades of the twentieth century, through a pedagogy centred upon the assumption that the lives of past individuals or groups could be instructive for present generations. / By the 1920s and 1930s, the normative models of behaviour represented by character had come under challenge by the more flexible notion of ‘personality’ and its associated educational aims of expression, creativity and self-realisation, aims that emerged most clearly in relation to the use of activity-based methods to teach history. The juxtaposition of textbooks and activity-based classroom methodologies in the primary school classrooms of the 1920s and 1930s brought to light some of the broader tensions which existed within the settler-colonial ideology of Pakeha New Zealanders. The longer-term impact was a generation for whom the nineteenth-century British intrusion into Maori lands and cultures from which Pakeha New Zealanders massively profited was normalised.

<p>The media plays a key role in constructing identities and categories, as its messages influence the way we understand the world. In the debate on integration issues, categories such as ”Swede” and ”immigrant” are often treated as obvious and unproblematic. ”Swedish”, being the norm, is seldom defined   and   frequently appears   with   subtlety.   This   paper   set   out   to   study   what   characterizes Swedishness in newspaper articles on integration issues, and how it is represented in relations to immigrants. With a social constructivist outset, critical discourse analysis and post­colonial theory were the methodological and theoretical tools of the investigation. The results show that there are four main ways through which Swedishness is represented in the material: Swedishness defined as  common values and norms, Swedes as integrated and immigrants as disintegrated, Swedishness as characterized by certain traditions, habits and a common history and finally descriptions of the Swedish society as racist and discriminating. These discourses appear relatively constant over the examined periods, with modest changes over time. The results further show that the representations of Swedes and immigrants can be related to unequal power structures in the Swedish society as a whole, where the native Swedish population holds a dominant role.</p>

<p> </p><p>Uppsatsen behandlar och belyser vilka diskurser som präglar den allmänna debatten och rapporteringen kring religionen islam och dess utövare muslimer i "dagens" tryckta svenska nyhetsmedia. Huvuddelen av studien är koncentrerad till att fastställa hur de både begreppen islam och muslim framställs och definieras i empirin, men problematiken kring huruvida ett "vi" och "de andra" tänkande existerar berörs likväl. Vidare reflekteras över differenser i det empiriska materialet. Materialet påvisar att det finns skillnader mellan hur de både begreppen beskriv i olika genrer i de aktuella texterna.</p><p> </p><p> </p> / <p>This thesis examines and aluminates what kind of discourses that intercepts the public debate and reports of the religion islam and its follow muslims in "today’s" printed swedish news media. The main part of the study is concentrated to determine how the subjects islam and muslim is portrayed and defined in the empiric material, but the question whether a "we" and "they" thinking exists is also discussed. Further on a reflection is going to take place over the differences in the empiric material. The material shows that there are differences between how the subjects are described in the texts in focus.</p>

<p>The current state of the global distribution of income, wealth, and well-being is in many respects the product of historical acts and processes. Of these, some have been just, others not. In philosophical discourse, processes of the latter kind are referred to as historical injustices. Of these historical injustices, the most protracted, extensive, and (presumably) the most devastating, is colonialism. For centuries, innocent people – in fact whole continents – were subjected to plunder, despoilment, land-displacement, exploitation, slavery, oppressive rule, cultural rape, and genocide. The extent and persistence of the consequences of this particular historical injustice are, however, contested territory. With regards to the exact causes of global poverty and destitution, measuring the effects of colonialism vis-à-vis other determining factors is an empirical impossibility. Nonetheless, it is beyond dispute that during colonial times vast amounts of riches were illicitly transferred from the colonies to their (mainly European) masters. It therefore seems reasonable to assume that this massive and prolonged one-directional transfer (from South to North) of wealth and resources necessary for nation-building, i.e. self-sustained and successful eco¬nomic development, has contributed, to a morally significant degree, to the unequal economic status of societies – resulting, ultimately, in the present unjust division of countries into developed, industrialized ones on the one hand, and under-developed (in many cases, extremely poor) ones, on the other. If this assumption is correct, then this is a problem of fantastic moral proportions.</p><p>The aim of this essay is to consider the moral implications of the consequences of colonialism in light of the problem of global poverty and against emergent, compelling theories of global justice. It is argued that the former colonies are justified in making reparative demands on their former colonial powers as a matter of rectificatory justice. The demands discussed here are aimed at property restoration and economic compensation. The salience of these demands is established by way of arguments for collective moral responsibility and historical (trans-generational) obligations. It is further argued that such reparations would constitute a great leap towards eradicating global poverty on the grounds that many presently poor countries were the victims of colonial atrocities. Such a leap would also take us closer to a just world.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2007. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-141).

Sensation fiction, which flourished in England from the 1850s to the 1880s, was viewed by Victorian establishment figures as a threat to prevailing social values. This dissertation focuses on the work of Charles Reade, who along with Wilkie Collins and Mary Elizabeth Braddon, was among the most well-known sensation novelists. While several novels by Collins and Braddon have been rediscovered by scholars since the 1980s, Reade's fiction remains neglected. With its explicit critique of the emerging regimes of power/knowledge in the fields of medicine, criminal justice, and sexual mores, Reade's work anticipates Michel Foucault's theories elaborated a century later. Although previous readings of Victorian fiction have drawn on the ideas of Foucault in an attempt to identify sensation novels as cultural productions complicit with a developing bourgeois hegemony, I argue that these novels represent a narrative genre that challenges and resists these disciplinary constraints. In addition, Reade's work provides a rare glimpse of alternative sexualities and gender identities in nineteenth-century fiction that can be read in light of feminist and gender theory. This dissertation recovers the fiction of Charles Reade as a body of work that anticipates recent trends in literary and cultural theory and that speaks to us today with an uncanny familiarity.