A travers l’analyse du discours colonial, à la fois narratif et figuratif, sur Qingdao, il s’agit d’étudier la culture coloniale dans sa complexité : le processus colonial renvoie à la fois à l’expérience de la colonisation en Chine et aux répercussions de l’expansion impériale dans l’Allemagne wilhelminienne. Il participe ainsi aux mécanismes de définition de l’identité nationale. La construction d’une « communauté imaginée », telle que l’a définie Benedict Anderson, se fait à travers la colonisation et le regard porté sur les colonisés. La représentation de l’Autre est, en effet, toujours orientée vers les contours de sa propre culture. Il s’agit d’un phénomène d’auto-contemplation à travers l’image de l’Autre, d’un retour à Soi par la médiation d’une fiction de l’Autre. L’évolution de l’image de Qingdao et la pérennité du lien entre la métropole et l’ancienne colonie, la survivance de Qingdao dans les médias allemands montrent que la mise en scène du souvenir est une autre composante de la fabrication de l’image mythique et que se crée un passage de la mythification à la mystification. / Analyzing the narrative and figurative colonial discourse about Qingdao means examining the colonial culture in its complexity. Indeed the colonial process reflects both the experience of colonization in China and its impact on Wilhelminian Germany. It plays an important part in the process that led to the definition of national identity. The construction of the “imagined community” discussed by Benedict Anderson emerges through the colonization and the gaze of the colonizers on the colonized. Colonialism is a discourse about the Other and the Far Away which is always oriented towards its own contours. The Other was painted as someone different so that self identity could be established. This is a phenomenon of self-admiration through the image of the Other, a return to oneself through the mediation of Other’s fiction. It is also worth noting the persistence of Qingdao in the German media in the years after the loss of the colony. The staging of the souvenir is another element of the fabrication of the mythical image. With the “colonial guilt lie” there was a transition from mythification to mystification.

[pt] Região é um termo/conceito dotado de uma amplitude de sentidos, o que culmina tanto em debates igualmente amplos e fragmentados como em representações homogeneizadoras acerca de espaços, contextos e indivíduos. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo central desse estudo é recuperar elementos do imaginário em torno da região no âmbito do internacional e, a partir disso, fazer um paralelo entre as representações sobre o Maghreb nessa literatura onde a metáfora do internacional aparece como topos central e o pensamento crítico de intelectuais que falam a partir do lócus Maghreb. Dessa forma, a escolha por analisar especificamente as obras de Abdallah Laroui e Mohamed Al-Jabri se deve ao engajamento desses intelectuais nos debates sobre descolonização, tradição e modernidade, e manifestação da pós-colonialidade nesse lócus-região. O argumento principal é o de que a região não se configura, apenas, como construção analítica e/ou categoria espacial homogênea e bem demarcada, mas como uma topologia engendrada e performada através de discursos de identificação, diferenciação e resistência não desconsiderados os elementos de ambivalência ali presentes. Os conceitos de mundos imaginados e região como artefato cunhados por Arjun Appadurai e Rogério Haesbaert, respectivamente, bem como elementos do debate sobre pós colonialidade serão centrais aqui. / [en] Region is a term concept equipped with a range of meanings which culminates in broad and fragmented debates as well as in homogenizing representations about spaces, contexts and individuals. This way, the principal aim of this study is to recover elements of the imaginary which surrounds the region in the international domain and, then, make parallels between the representations about the Maghreb in this literature in which the metaphor of the international appears as a central topos and the critical approaches of intellectuals who speaks from the locus Maghreb. Thus, the choice of analyzing the works of Abdallah Laroui e Mohamed Al Jabri specifically is due to the engagement of these intellectuals within debates about decolonization, tradition and modernity, and the manifestations of postcoloniality in this locus-region. The main argument is that the region in general does not configure itself ,only, as an analytical construction and/or homogeneous and well demarcated spatial category, but as a topology engendered and performed through discourses of identification, differentiation and resistance without disregarding the elements of ambivalence present in these discourses. The concepts of imagined worlds and region as artifact created by Arjun Appadurai and Rogério Haesbaert, respectively, as well as specific elements of the debate on post coloniality are substantial here.

Frank Herbert’s Dune is generally recognized as the best-selling science fiction novel of all time. While it is commonly referred to as a novel of environmental characteristics, this essay investigates the depiction of society and how the power dynamics in this far future setting are presented. I argue that Dune’s portrayal of power within the state apparatuses of the ideological and repressive kind are to be related to issues and concerns that were observable within the state powers of America and the west during the decades of 1950 and 60. By using the concepts and theories of Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault, I claim that the centralized ideology found within the whole state apparatus of Dune endangers the freedoms of the individual in ways that can be related to its contemporary real-world setting. The first part of the essay is an exploratory investigation in how power is being expressed within the two institutions of the military and the church, as well as how the protagonist deals with the burden of authority. This is analyzed in terms of Althusser’s arguments on the reproduction of ideology and the Foucauldian concepts of biopolitics and disciplinary expressions. The second part revolves around a historicist approach, namely how these expressions within the novel are related to the contemporary setting of the United States and its western neighbours. This latter analysis addresses the foreign and domestic policy of the western powers and how, I argue, these are exemplified to an extent within the pages of the novel. This discussion shows how centralized power is presented as an issue due to the influence of ideology, how the different institutions that we perceive as secular and independent become tools for social injustice. Such instances revolve around the subtle insertion of religious values in state affairs and how imperialist intervention is legitimized by the defense of economic and cultural interests, but also how societies are prone to react in the presence of charismatic leaders. Apart from this I also emphasize how the status and subsequent influential significance of Dune have come to play an important part in the development of its genre and how its capabilities of social commentary have been vital to the emergence of “soft” science fiction.

Essa tese é um dos resultados possíveis provenientes da lacuna acadêmica referente à intersecção de três campos: o esporte, a psicologia e as relações raciais. A articulação entre eles se dá a partir de seu objetivo: analisar o processo de racialização no contexto esportivo a partir das narrativas de profissionais de psicologia. Os conceitos de raça, racialização, racismo, supremacia branca e branquitude são apresentados e contextualizados, uma vez que foram importantes para a construção do texto. No seu escopo teórico, a tese faz uma apresentação e aprofundamento da discussão a respeito do esporte moderno, porém, diferentemente da literatura consagrada do campo esportivo, há um enfoque no papel dessa instituição na consolidação da supremacia branca no contexto do colonialismo europeu a partir do século XIX. Em seguida, é elaborada uma revisão de literatura sobre os estudos das relações raciais e o esporte, bem como da contribuição da psicologia no tema. Por fim, um panorama histórico brasileiro sobre a psicologia do esporte e as relações raciais é apresentado, apontando para os problemas enfrentados pela área ao se propor um trabalho antirracista. Já o campo empírico é composto por oito entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com quatro psicólogos e quatro psicólogas que trabalharam em algum momento de suas carreiras no esporte. O conteúdo delas é analisado a partir do referencial teórico da Teoria Crítica de Raça. Dessa análise de conteúdo resultaram três narrativas sobre racialização e esporte: as que se amparam em um essencialismo biológico, outras que naturalizam as desigualdades sociais e raciais e ainda aquelas que apresentam visões críticas às hierarquias raciais. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise das narrativas sobre a atuação profissional em psicologia do esporte e seu papel diante do racismo, questionando se é possível pensar em uma psicologia do esporte antirracista / This thesis is one of the possible results from the academic gap regarding the intersection of three fields: sport, psychology and race relations. The articulation between them takes place from its objective: to analyze the process of racialization in the sporting context from the narratives of professionals of psychology. The concepts of race, racialization, racism, white supremacy and whiteness are presented and contextualized, since they were important for the construction of the text. In its theoretical scope, the thesis presents and deepens the discussion about modern sport, but unlike the established literature of the sports field, there is a focus on the role of this institution in the consolidation of white supremacy in the context of European colonialism from the XIX century. Next, it is elaborated a literature review on the study of racial relations and sport, as well as the contribution of psychology on the subject. Finally, there is a Brazilian historical panorama on the psychology of sport and race relations, pointing to the problems faced by the area when proposing an antiracist work. The empirical field is composed of eight semi-structured interviews with psychologists (four women and four men) who worked at some point in their careers in sports. Their content is analyzed from the theoretical framework of Critical Race Theory. This analysis of content resulted in three narratives about racialization and sport: those that rely on a biological essentialism, others that naturalize social and racial inequalities and those that present critical views of racial hierarchies. In addition, an analysis of the narratives about the work in sport psychology and its role in the face of racism was carried out, questioning whether it is possible to think of an antiracist sport psychology

D'après plusieurs théoriciens (Lukàcs, Bakhtine, Hegel), l'épopée est incompatible avec la modernité. Pourtant, les conceptions récentes du genre laissent apparaître la possibilité d'une modernité épique. L'épopée subit néanmoins un certain nombre de transformations, conséquentes à l'évolution des mentalités. L'Inde de la fin du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe siècle offre un terreau idéal au surgissement d'une modernité épique, puisque les auteurs sont confrontés aux bouleversements de la colonisation. Ils sont pris entre l'appartenance à une double culture (Aurobindo, Dutt), et l'affirmation de la culture indienne, bouleversée par la colonisation. Une véritable modernité indienne fait en outre son apparition à cette époque. Façonnée par l'influence occidentale, elle comporte ses propres caractéristiques, nées du contexte colonial et de la culture indienne. Il s'agit donc de comparer la modernité épique indienne avec la modernité épique française de la fin du XIXe siècle. Le Poème de l'Assassinat de Meghanāda de Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1861), Kāmāyanī de Jayśankar Prasād (1936), Savitri de Sri Aurobindo (1950) permettent de saisir différents états de cette modernité. La comparaison avec La Légende des siècles de Victor Hugo fait apparaître des spécificités indiennes, mais aussi des traits communs, afin de dégager les caractéristiques de la modernité épique de l'époque. Un véritable dialogue entre la dimension communautaire de l'épopée d'un côté, l'aspiration à l'universalité et l'introduction d'une subjectivité moderne de l'autre, émerge. La modernité transforme les figures héroïques, les rapports au groupe ou à l'espace, ainsi que la représentation du temps et de l'Histoire. / According to some scholars (Lukàcs, Bakhtine, Hegel), an epic can't be written in the modernity. Nevertheless, the recent conceptions of the genre make appear that an epic modernity is possible. They imply however that the epic undergo some changes, because of the evolution of mentalities. At the end of the XIXth Century and at the beginning of the XXth Century, India becomes an ideal field for modern epic, because the authors go through the transformations caused by colonialism. They experience the dilemma between a double culture (Aurobindo, Dutt) and the need to assert the Indian culture, undermined by colonialism. Besides, an Indian modernity appears in the meantime. Formed by the Occidental modernity, it has its own characteristics, caused by the colonial context and by the Indian culture. Our purpose is to compare the Indian epic modernity with the French epic modernity. The study The Slaying of Meghanāda by Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1861), Kāmāyanī by Jayśankar Prasād (1936), Savitri by Sri Aurobindo (1950) has allowed us to show different aspects of this modernity. By comparing these poems with La Légende des siècles by Victor Hugo, the Indian specificities appear, as do some similarities. There is a dialogue between the collective nature of the epic on the one side, the impulse to universality and the assertion of a modern subjectivity on the other side. Modernity transforms heroes, the representation of groups, of space, of time and of History.

A l'intersection de la littérature comparée, des études de genre et des études postcoloniales, cette thèse vise à étudier le renouveau du Bildungsroman chez trois auteurs français contemporains : Azouz Begag, Farida Belghoul et Leïla Sebbar. Ce travail s'intéresse aux modalités des tensions sociales dont les protagonistes font l'expérience pendant leurs interactions avec la société dominante. Nous nous efforçons de comprendre comment ces trois auteurs déplacent les conventions du genre littéraire du Bildungsroman traditionnel pour négocier les obstacles sociaux qu’ils rencontrent et pour ménager des espaces limitrophes vivables dans et au-delà des espaces imposés par la société. La première partie de notre travail s'attache à reconsidérer les voies d'analyse traditionnelles de la « littérature beur », corpus dont font partie les romans des trois auteurs. La deuxième partie explore la façon dont ces textes renouvellent le genre du Bildungsroman notamment en problématisant l’expérience des jeunes personnages principaux de parents immigrés algériens dans la société française. L'acte de nommer et la dichotomie école-famille constituent les voies d'entrée principales dans l'analyse des romans. La troisième partie se focalise sur les stratégies textuelles et narratives par lesquelles les trois auteurs mettent en scène l'inscription des corps vus comme étrangers dans les espaces publics de la Métropole et par lesquelles ils proposent de nouvelles narrations pour inscrire l’expérience postcoloniale des jeunes protagonistes dans l’écriture. L'ironie, la subversion du regard et l'appropriation des espaces transitoires et limitrophes se trouvent ainsi au centre de notre analyse. / At the intersection of comparative literature, gender studies and postcolonial studies, this dissertation aims to study the renewal of the Bildungsroman in the novels of three contemporary French authors: Azouz Begag, Farida Belghoul and Leïla Sebbar. This work focuses on how the novels of the three writers express the social tensions the young protagonists are subjected to during their interactions with the dominant society. We strive to analyze how the conventions of the literary genre of the traditional Bildungsroman shift subtly in order to inscribe the social barriers in the textual body of literature and to propose border zones in place of the dominant society as living spaces. The first part of our work seeks to reconsider the traditional avenues of the analysis of littérature beur, the corpus of which the three authors belong to. The second part tackles the renewal of the genre of the Bildungsroman in these texts by in particular problematizing the presence of these young protagonists of Algerian immigrant descent in the French society. The act of naming and the dichotomy of school and family constitute the main entry point in the analysis of the novels. The third part concentrates on the textual and narrative strategies by which the three authors realize the inscription of bodies seen as foreign in the public spaces of the Métropole and by which they propose new narratives to set in writing the postcolonial experience of the young protagonists. The irony, the subversive gaze and the appropriation of transitory and border zones lie at the center of our analysis.

Eugênio Tavares (1867-1930) foi, na sua época, uma personalidade influente no cenário cultural e político caboverdiano, atuando como poeta bilíngüe e jornalista engajado, embora tenha se notabilizado apenas pela sua produção poética em crioulo (mornas). A sua poesia em língua portuguesa dispersa em periódicos e revistas ficou por muito tempo esquecida, vindo a público somente nos anos oitenta, através de uma pesquisa empreendida por Félix Monteiro, da qual um importante corpus foi publicado na revista Raízes nº 17/20. Pretendemos neste trabalho traçar o roteiro biográfico do autor e fazer uma apresentação e leitura de sua poesia em língua portuguesa, ressaltando a sua militância política e a importância dessa obra no panorama literário caboverdiano desse período, como também refletir sobre a relação entre manifestações literárias e o meio social, tendo em vista as convenções estético-formais vigentes no contexto colonial finissecular e suas relações intertextuais com a obra de Eugênio Tavares. / Eugênio Tavares (1867-1930) was an influential personality in the political and cultural Cape verdean scenarium. He was a bilingual poet and he was also an engaged journalist, although he had been distinguished only by his poetic production in creole (mornas). His poetry in portuguese language, scattered in journals and magazines, has been forgotten for a long time. It appear only in the 80th, through a undertaken research by Félix Monteiro, who published an important corpus in the Raízes review nº17/20. In this work, we intent is to draw the authors biographic route and to make a presentation and reading his poetry in portuguese language, pointing out his political militancy, the importance of the his words in the Cape verdean literary panorama, besides to reflect about the relationchip between literary manifestation and social environment, having in view the esthetic-formal conventions in the fin-de-siecle colonial context and their intertextual relations to the Eugênio Tavares words.

Esta pesquisa de doutorado teve como objetivo deslindar trajetórias individuais e coletivas das mulheres no Sul de Moçambique sob o jugo do colonialismo português. A partir de diferentes tipologias documentais atinentes à primeira metade do século XX, a investigação buscou compreender como viveram aquelas com o status de indígenas. Ser indígena era estar atrelado ao um status, determinado por um conjunto de leis, decretos e práticas coloniais, que basicamente estabeleceu as relações entre cidadãos (brancos, indianos e negros e mulatos assimilados) e indígenas (africanos/negros), os últimos considerados pelos colonizadores portugueses como sub-humanos e, por isso, relegados à uma cidadania de segunda classe. Nossa proposta foi fazer uma história social e feminista das mulheres indígenas privilegiando a agência feminina tendo em vista (e apesar d)a violência estrutural do projeto de dominação, patriarcal, colonial e capitalista levado à cabo pelos portugueses. Pretende-se demonstrar que as mulheres que viveram no Sul de Moçambique na primeira metade do século XX, apesar da brutalidade misógina expressa tanto pelas tradições africanas como pela administração colonial, foram capazes de ativar diversas estratégias e práticas que contrariavam a dominação masculina. / This PhD research aimed to disentangle individual and collective trajectories of women in southern Mozambique under the control of Portuguese colonialism. From different document types relating to the first half of the twentieth century, the study aimed to understand how they lived those with the status of indigenous people. Being Indian was to be linked to a status determined by a set of laws, decrees and colonial practices, which basically established the relationship between citizens (whites, Indians and blacks and assimilated mulattoes) and indigenous (African / black), the latter considered by Portuguese colonists as subhuman and therefore relegated to one second-class citizenship. Our proposal was to make a social history and feminist indigenous women focusing on women\'s agency for (and despite of) the structural violence of domination project, patriarchal, colonial and capitalist carried out by the Portuguese. We intend to show that women who lived in southern Mozambique in the first half of the twentieth century, despite the misogynist brutality expressed by both African traditions and the colonial administration, were able to various strategies and practices opposed to male violence.

Esta tese de doutorado objetiva analisar a obra do escritor do escritor português Fernando Monteiro de Castro Soromenho (1910-1968). Em praticamente toda sua obra Castro Soromenho elegeu a Lunda, região do Nordeste de Angola, como seu objeto de investimento ficcional em seus romances, artigos jornalísticos e em trabalhos de caráter histórico. Neste trabalho investigamos como as representações acerca da Lunda e de seus povos nos aparecem como alegorias do pensamento colonial português, num período em que Estado Novo português apoiou e incentivou a produção de bens culturais para a constituição de uma mentalidade colonial. Em nossa perspectiva, ao contrário de perceber a literatura colonial da qual Soromenho faz parte como um reflexo da força do império português, a notamos como uma alegoria do fracasso do colonialismo português. O discurso literário de Soromenho teve por meta louvar e preencher as lacunas do sonho de um império colonial ido. / This thesis aims to analyze the work of the writer of the Portuguese writer Fernando Monteiro de Castro Soromenho (1910-1968). In virtually all his work Castro Soromenho elected Lunda region of north-east Angola, as their object of investment in fictional novels, newspaper articles and works of a historical character. In this work we investigate how representations about the Lunda and its people appear to us as allegories of the Portuguese colonial thought, at a time when the Portuguese New State supported and encouraged the production of cultural goods for the establishment of a colonial mentality. In our perspective, unlike perceive colonial literature which Soromenho part as a reflection of the strength of the Portuguese empire, the notice as an allegory of the failure of Portuguese colonialism. The literary discourse Soromenho goal was to praise and fill in the gaps of the dream of a colonial empire gone.

Dans quelle mesure les années 50 marquent-elles un renouveau dans la vie culturelle et littéraire de Macao, incarné par une élite locale d’intellectuels portugais et macanais, dans un espace profondément colonial, quels en sont les enjeux ? Ce renouveau culturel qui s’exprime à travers la presse et diverses manifestations culturelles locales, s’articule avec la revendication d’une identité macanaise, qui s’inscrit dans la culture portugaise au sens large (le discours colonial n’étant jamais bien loin). Derrière cette revendication identitaire, au sortir de la Seconde guerre mondiale, se cache une lutte pour la survie du territoire, sous le regard critique de la communauté internationale. Ce nouveau souffle apporté à la vie culturelle et littéraire de Macao se traduit dans l’échange interculturel luso-chinois, comme l’illustre l’œuvre de Luís Gonzaga Gomes. Ce ‘Fils de la Terre’, vecteur de cet échange, incarne la vocation et l’esprit macanais : servir de ‘pont’ entre deux cultures, deux civilisations. Son œuvre permet la transition entre un environnement culturel colonial et un environnement culturel postcolonial ou le passage d’un discours nationaliste et égocentrique à un discours plus tolérant, tourné vers l’autre et ouvert sur le monde ‘non lusophone’. Néanmoins, ce nouveau discours se heurte à des limites imposées par le contexte politique et la mentalité de l’époque. / To what extent do the 50s mark a renewal in Macao’s culture and literature which is embodied by local intellectual Portuguese and Macanese elites in a deeply colonial space? What are their outcomes? This cultural renewal, expressed through the mass media and various local cultural events, is expressed with the claim of a Macanese identity which has been part of the Portuguese culture in the broad sense (the colonial discourse has never been very far). At the end of the Second World War, this identity claim bears in its layers a struggle for the survival of the territory, under the international community’s critical scrutiny. This new lease brought to the cultural and literary life of Macao is reflected in the Luso-Chinese cultural exchange, as it is illustrated in Luís Gonzaga Gomes’ work. This Son of Macao, who is a vector of this exchange, embodies the Macanese vocation and spirit: providing a bridge between two cultures, between two civilizations. His work makes the transition from a colonial cultural environment to a postcolonial cultural environment possible; where lies a crossing from a nationalist and egocentric speech to a more tolerant one, turning towards the other and open to the non-Lusophone/Portuguese world. However, this new discourse is facing limitations imposed by the political context and the mentality of the time.