As tecnologias de informação e comunicação em todas as instâncias de nosso cotidiano modificam nossa maneira de viver e pensar. A computação urbana, ubíqua, locativa, multimídia e interconectada gera grande quantidade de dados o que resulta em abundância de informação sobre quase tudo em nosso mundo. As cidades permeadas por sensores pessoais, veiculares e ambientais adquirem características sencientes. Uma cidade sensível ao cidadão pode funcionar com estratégias individualizadas para o dia a dia. A tese discute o papel das cidades na complexidade de nossas vidas, o inter-relacionamento de equipamentos físicos (hardware), modelos simbólicos (software) e padrões de uso (aplicações), e os desafios de projeto para esse ecossistema global de informação híbrida. Apresenta investigação netnográfica, por meio de estudos de caso, explorações urbanas e entrevistas, em que se pode observar nossa condição contemporânea. Concluímos com a hipótese constatada na tese, a cidade atualizada em tempo real, um ecossistema informacional urbano de novas e infinitas possibilidades de interfaces e interações. / The technologies of information and communication in all the instances of our daily life modifies the way we live and think. Urban computing, ubiquitous, locative, multimídia and interconnected, generates a large amount of data, resulting in an abundance of information on almost everything in our world. Cities permeated by personal, vehicular and environmental sensors acquire sentient characteristics. A citizen-sensitive city can work with individualized day-to-day strategies. The thesis discusses the role of cities and the complexity of our lives, the interrelationship of hardware, symbolic models and patterns of use (applications), and the design challenges to this global hybrid information ecosystem. It presents netnographic research, through case studies, urban explorations and interviews, where one can observe our presente contemporary condition. The hypothesis verified in the thesis, the city updated in real time, an urban informational ecosystem of new and infinite possibilities of interfaces and interactions.

Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se pelo estudo dos principais designers de moda pertencentes à frente japonesa e belga na década de 1980, tais como: Rei Kawakubo, Yohji Yamamoto, Issey Miyake e Martin Margiela a partir da Teoria da Complexidade, do pensador francês Edgar Morin. Tem como objetivo investigar a hipótese de que o trabalho de tais designers se estabeleceu de maneira complexa como uma força de ruptura ao questionar e subverter a moda então vigente e, sobretudo, influenciar os rumos da moda contemporânea. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamenta-se na Teoria da Complexidade enquanto base teórica e metodológica para certificar a complexidade do trabalho destes designers, bem como a complexidade da própria moda. Parte-se da premissa de que a moda é uma ciência sistêmica, e como tal, deve ser abordada por uma visão plurilateral mediante ao agrupamento e correlação de diversas áreas e, respaldada pelo caráter de não especialização proposto pela Teoria da Complexidade, esta pesquisa perpassa por diferentes campos do conhecimento como a filosofia, sociologia, história, arte e design. Isto posto, propõe-se um estudo bibliográfico e a análise iconográfica dos designers mencionados, ainda de maneira interdisciplinar, em três vertentes distintas e complementares: ideias, tecnologia e forma; e o estudo de sua respectiva influência sobre a moda contemporânea / This research is characterized by the study of the main fashion designers from the Japanese and Belgian movements in the 1980s, including Rei Kawakubo, Yohji Yamamoto, Issey Miyake and Martin Margiela, analyzed through the perspective of the Complexity Theory created by the French philosopher Edgar Morin. The objective of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that the work of these designers was based in a complex way as a force of rupture, questioning, subversion and influence to the contemporary fashion. For this, the research is based on the Complexity Theory with theoretical and methodological bases to certify the complexity in the career of these designers and also the complexity of fashion itself. It is based on the premise that fashion is a systemic science and should be approached by a plurilateral view through the grouping and correlation of several segments and, supported by the non-specialization profile proposed by Theory of Complexity, this research studies different areas of knowledge, including philosophy, sociology, history and design. The main proposal of this research is to trace a biographical study and an iconographic analysis of the designers in an interdisciplinary way with three distinct and complementary aspects: ideas, technology and form, and also study their respective influence on contemporary fashion.

O surgimento da fotografia como descoberta científica causou grande impacto no universo das imagens e de forma vertiginosa se alastrou para muitas áreas do conhecimento. Esse potencial adaptativo e elástico da imagem fotográfica impulsiona a mesma para um contexto no qual as relações entre diferentes sistemas fazem surgir uma nova estrutura com elementos constitutivos de ambos. Com o avanço tecnológico e a convergência das mídias, através dos ambientes digitais, esse processo se potencializa e a complexidade do sistema fotográfico aumenta de tal forma que, em muitos casos, exige uma leitura refinada na tentativa de identificar elementos específicos da composição de seu sistema. Identificar e traçar um panorama de tais processos evolutivos é a linha norteadora desta tese, para, com isso, construirmos um percurso visual a fim de desenhar, através de imagens apresentadas, essas relações sistêmicas formadoras de novas estruturas. / The emergence of photography as scientific discovery caused great impact in the world of images and steeply spread to many areas of knowledge. This adaptive and elastic potential of the photographic image drives it to a context in which relationships between different systems give rise to a new structure with constitutive elements of both. With advances in technology and the convergence of media, through the digital environments, this process is strengthened and the complexity of the photographic system increases in such a way that, in many cases, requires a refined reading in an attempt to identify specific elements of the composition of its system. Identify and give an overview of these evolutionary processes is the guiding line of this thesis, to, thereby, build a visual route in order to draw, through images shown, these systemic relations forming new structures.

Realizou-se em estudo de múltiplos casos com o objetivo de entender como determinadas características organizacionais, baseadas em características de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares eficazes explicadas pela Teoria da Complexidade, guardam algum tipo de relacionamento com a eficácia das organizações que as possuem e desenvolvem. Os focos do trabalho são os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade certificados conforme as normas ISO 9001/2. A escolha teve como motivações a possibilidade de maior controle dos efeitos dos fatores ambientais sobre os resultados de pesquisa e a transparência destes sistemas para o pesquisador. Um dos maiores desafios foi desenvolver, na revisão bibliográfica, uma interpretação da Teoria da Complexidade sob a ótica das ciências sociais, em especial da Administração. O referencial teórico consolidado através desta interpretação foi colocado à prova e foram encontrados diversos indícios de que a Teoria da Complexidade pode ser uma explicação coerente da dinâmica dos sistemas organizacionais. Mais importante ainda, não foi encontrada nenhuma evidência clara de que não o seja. Encontrar alguma racionalidade no atual ambiente de negócios é um grande desafio. Por outro lado, para poder decidir e agir, o administrador precisa de um modelo mental que lhe permita se integrar nesta realidade de forma consciente e autônoma. Este trabalho procurou mostrar que a Complexidade pode ser uma alternativa para a compreensão da dinâmica dos sistemas organizacionais e, desta forma, contribuir para a construção deste modelo mental. / A multiple case study was made with the objective of understanding how specific organizational characteristics, based on non-linear dynamic systems characteristics explained by the Complexity Theory, hold any relation with the effectiveness of the organizations that carry and develop these characteristics. The focuses of this work are Quality Management Systems certified by the ISO 9001/2 norms. The motivation of this choice where the possibility of greater control over the effects of environmental factors and the transparency of these systems for the researcher. One of the greater challenges where to develop, at the bibliographical review, an interpretation of the Complexity Theory under the view of the social sciences, especially of Management. The theoretical referee consolidated trough this interpretation was put to test and where found several clues that the Complexity Theory can be a coherent explanation of the dynamic of organizational systems. More important yet, no clear evidence was found that it is not. To find any rationality at the present business environment is a great challenge. However, to be able to decide and to act, the manager needs a mental model that allows him to integrate in this reality in a conscious and autonomous form. This work tried to show that Complexity can be an alternative for the understanding of the dynamics of organizational systems and, consequently, to contribute for the construction of this mental model.

O desenvolvimento local é um assunto controverso e pouco estudado no Brasil, assim como no debate internacional. A despeito das opiniões divergentes, autores da área concordam com a emergência do tema do desenvolvimento de localidades e regiões, impulsionado pelo novo contexto globalizado, marcado por paradoxos, incerteza e complicações, em que os benefícios gerados permanecem restritos a poucas regiões. Assumindo a relevância do tema acerca do desenvolvimento, é crescente a atenção às abordagens em âmbito local, já que nessa esfera os problemas são mais bem identificados, além de haver maior possibilidade de integração entre os diferentes setores e atores envolvidos. Nesse contexto, a complexidade é apontada como característica das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento, o que exige um tratamento a partir de um fundamento epistemológico coerente. Somente com a compreensão da dinâmica que envolve o próprio processo de desenvolvimento é que se pode pensar em formas de impulsioná-lo por meio das ações dos seus atores. Assim, este esforço de pesquisa busca verificar se a dinâmica do desenvolvimento local envolve características que justifiquem seu tratamento tendo por base uma abordagem epistemológica compatível com os paradigmas científicos contemporâneos acerca da teoria da complexidade. Partindo de uma discussão teórica, este trabalho realiza uma revisão conceitual, embasado em uma análise do problema, segundo a fenomenologia de Husserl. Os resultados foram submetidos a um processo analógico, realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica em obras que tratam da teoria da complexidade, em busca de conceitos básicos fundamentais, que foram transpostos à essência do desenvolvimento local. Como resultado, a essência do fenômeno do desenvolvimento foi descrita em um esboço, configurando uma rede formada pelas interações entre seus subsistemas. Esta configuração foi analisada a partir dos conceitos da teoria da complexidade, em uma descrição de sua dinâmica que caracteriza o desenvolvimento local como um fenômeno complexo, considerando esta base teórica como abordagem adequada ao seu tratamento. / Local development is a controversial and poorly studied matter in Brazil, as well as in the international debate. Despite differing opinions, authors agree that the emergence of the theme of development of localities and regions has been driven by the new globalized context, characterized by paradoxes, uncertainty and complications, in which the generated benefits remain restricted to a few regions. Assuming the relevance of the development issue, there is growing attention to approaches at the local extent, since in the local scope problems are better identified, beyond the greater possibility of integration between different sectors and stakeholders. In this sense, complexity is seen as a feature of the development dynamics, requiring a coherent epistemological foundation for studies. The only alternative for finding ways to promote the development process through the actions of agents/actors, such as business organizations, is by understanding the dynamics surrounding it. Thus, this research aims at verifying if the local development dynamics involve characteristics that justify its treatment based on an epistemological approach consistent with the contemporary scientific paradigms of complexity theory. From a theoretical discussion, this work performs a conceptual revision, based on an analysis of the problem, according to Husserl\'s phenomenology. Results were submitted to an analog procedure, performed through a bibliographic research in literature dealing with the complexity theory, in pursuit of fundamental basic concepts, transposed to the essence of the local development. As a partial result, the essence of the development phenomenon was described in a sketch, setting up a network constituted by interactions between its subsystems. This configuration was analyzed based on the concepts of complexity theory, in a description of the dynamics that characterizes the local development as a complex phenomenon, considering this theoretical basis as a suitable approach to its treatment.

In this paper, we describe two experiments that show the powerful influence of interface complexity and entropy on online information sharing behaviour. 134 participants were asked to do a creativity test and answer six open questions against three different screen backgrounds of increasing complexity. Our data shows that, as an interface becomes more complex and has more entropy users refer less to themselves and show less information sharing breadth. However, their verbal creativity and information sharing depth do not suffer in the same way. Instead, an inverse U shaped relationship between Interface complexity and creativity as well as information sharing depth can be observed: Users become more creative and thoughtful until a certain tipping point of interface complexity is reached. At that point, creativity and th inking suffer, leading to significantly less disclosure. This result challenges the general HCI assumption that simplicity is always best for computers interface design , as users'creativity and information sharing depth initially increases with more interface complexity. Our results suggest that the Yerkes Dodson Law may be a key theory underlying online creativity and depth of online disclosures.

No description available.

The aim of the thesis is to find out the most suitable channel estimation algorithms for the existing MIMO-OFDM SDR platform. Starting with the analysis of several prevalent channel estimation algorithms, MSE performance are compared under different scenarios. As a result of the hardware independent analysis, the complexvalued matrix computations involved in the algorithms are decomposed to real FLoating-point OPerations (FLOPs). Four feasible algorithms are selected for hardware dependent discussion based on the proposed hardware architecture. The computational latency is exposed as a manner of case study.

Over the past two decades, holistic and systemic approaches to second language development have begun to draw the attention of scholars in the field of SLA. These studies are primarily informed by complexity theory, which emerged from the general systems theory. General systems theory, however, has another important theoretical offshoot in social sciences, namely autopoietic systems theory. An investigation of conceptual tools drawn from the latter theory has been absent in the field of second language education. This paper seeks to explore how systemic thinking has improved the field’s understanding of the complexity of the L2 development. It then explores the possibilities for incorporating autopoietic systems theory into complexity thinking to better understand the dynamics of L2 development at personal and social levels. Finally, it will highlight two insights from a systemic analysis of language development in L2 classroom groupings. These insights build on each other to describe L2 development from a systemic perspective. By exploring and bringing together these theoretical perspectives, this paper hopes to shed light on how complexity theory can provide a systemic description of L2 development.

A constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) can be represented as two structures: the structure induced by the variables and the structure induced by the constraint language. Both these parameters are amenable to restrictions which affects the complexity of the resulting problems. In this thesis we shall use both constraint language restrictions and structural restrictions in order to create problems that can be solved as efficiently as possible. The language restrictions are based on creating a language that in terms of frozen partial clone theory has the largest number of polymorphic functions. Such a language can according to the Galois connection between functions and relations be implemented by as many languages as possible and is therefore the Boolean language with the lowest complexity. The structural restrictions are mainly based on limiting the number of times a variable is allowed to occur in an instance. We shall prove that the easiest language does not contain a Delta-matroid relation and is NP-complete even with the very restricted structure where no variable can occur in more than two constraints. We also give a branch-and-reduce algorithm for this problem with time complexity O(1.0493^n). This problem is then related to the exponential-time hypothesis, which postulates that k-SAT is not sub-exponential for k >= 3. We show that the exponential-time hypothesis holds if and only if this restricted problem is not sub-exponential, if and only if all NP-complete Boolean languages are not sub-exponential. In the process we also prove a stronger version of Impagliazzo's sparsification lemma for k-SAT; namely that all finite, NP-complete Boolean languages can be sparsified into each other. This should be contrasted with Santhanam's negative result which states that the same does not hold for all infinite Boolean languages.