Esta dissertação é resultado de um estudo sócio-histórico e tem como objeto o Fracasso Escolar. Como aporte teórico-metodológico parte de Reinhart Koselleck, aproximando-se da história dos conceitos, e de Pierre Bourdieu, principalmente a partir da noção de "excluídos do interior" reflexões sobre o Estado. O objetivo principal foi compreender os significados do Fracasso Escolar, como conceito, a partir da impressa periódica de ampla circulação, nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e 2000. Optou-se por realizar a investigação assumindo a versão digitalizada do jornal Folha de S. Paulo como fonte. A investigação considerou as peculiaridades metodológicas da fonte histórica digital e indicou a operação com documentos digitais como opção fecunda na historiografia contemporânea. O recorte temporal estabeleceu-se a partir da escolha da fonte e de um levantamento prévio onde foi indicado o período de maior recorrência nos discursos sobre o Fracasso Escolar. Considerando a polissemia do conceito, a partir da História dos Conceitos, o corpus empírico da pesquisa foi composto partindo da busca pelos descritores: Fracasso Escolar, Sucesso Escolar, Reprovação Escolar e Repetência Escolar, sendo localizados 207 artigos no período destacado. Na análise dos artigos importou localizar as narrativas em termos de composição do jornal, identificar os autores e os indivíduos envolvidos nessa discussão e, ainda, compreender as causas do Fracasso Escolar anunciadas nas narrativas. O estudo contribui para pensar nas condições de possibilidade desse conceito, o Fracasso Escolar na história brasileira. Além disso, aponta para um certo crescimento da projeção do conceito no jornal Folha de S. Paulo, seja através do crescente número de artigos localizados nas últimas décadas, como também, na ampliação do espaço físico atribuído a este no jornal. Sobre os indivíduos presentes nos discursos analisados, observou-se a centralidade das vozes de especialistas e do Estado. A investigação indicou ainda, sincronia nas causas junto a polissemia do conceito, situando três focos de temas: extra-escolar, sujeitos e intraescolar. / This dissertation is the result of a socio-historical study and its object is School Failure. As a theoretical-methodological contribution from Reinhart Koselleck, approaching the conceptual history, and Pierre Bourdieu, mainly from the understanding of "excluded from the interior" and as reflections on the State. The main objective was conceived as the meaning of School Failure, as a concept, from a newspaper of wide circulation, in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. It was decided to carry out a survey assuming a digitized version of the Folha de S. Paulo as source. The research considers the methodological peculiarities of the digital history source and indication of an operation with digital documents as a fruitful option in the contemporary historiography. The period was established based on the choice of the source and on the previous survey where the period of greatest recurrence was noticed in the speeches about School Failure. The study takes into consideration the polysemy of the concept, from the History of Concepts, the empirical corpus of the research with the compound by the researchers: School Failure, School Success, School Reprobation and School Repetition, with 207 articles being located in the highlighted period. In the analysis of the articles it was important to locate the narratives in terms of composition of the newspaper, to identify the authors and the individuals involved in this discussion, as well as causes of School Failure announced in the narratives. The study contributes to understand about the conditions of choice of the concept, School Failure in Brazilian history. In addition, it points to a certain growth of the projection of the concept in Folha de S. Paulo newspaper, through the growing number of articles located in the last decades, as well as in the expansion of the physical space assigned to it in the newspaper. Regarding those present in the analyzed discourses, let us observe a centrality of the voices of experts and the State. An investigation indicated, synchronized in the causes next to a polysemy of the concept, locating three focus areas: extra-school, subjects and in-school.

Esta tese tem como principal objetivo discutir o livro Sobre a Revolução de Hannah Arendt. Levando em conta que este livro foi menos discutido pelos comentadores do que Origens do Totalitarismo, Condição Humana e Eichmann em Jerusalém, nossa pesquisa busca contribuir com a literatura sobre o pensamento arendtiano. Além disso, também visamos a contribuir com os debates de filosofia política ao tratar dos conceitos centrais apresentados em Sobre a Revolução tais como liberdade, ação, poder, fundação, resistência, soberania, dominação, governo, representação, entre outros. Mostraremos que as concepções de revolução e política no pensamento de Arendt são formuladas em contraposição à tradição e às teorias mais influentes de seu tempo: o marxismo e o liberalismo. Para ela, as categorias tradicionais não são capazes de explicar as novidades que as revoluções trouxeram. O marxismo favorece o debate sobre as questões sociais em detrimento das questões políticas e não leva em conta a Revolução Norte-Americana. Já o liberalismo trata principalmente das atividades privadas e do bemestar individual e, com isso, desvaloriza a atividade pública e as experiências revolucionárias. Nesse sentido, Sobre a Revolução nasceu de um esforço de valorizar os aspectos políticos da revolução e criticar as teorias hegemônicas da década de 1960. Pensamos que o viés crítico deste livro não perdeu sua força: Arendt, diferentemente da historiografia e do pensamento político que surgiram a partir da década de 1980, não afirma que a experiência revolucionária francesa foi um completo fracasso nem considera que a principal novidade da Revolução Norte-Americana foi estabelecer um governo representativo liberal. Ela discute tanto os grandes feitos e ideias quanto os equívocos das Revoluções no Novo e no Velho Mundo. Levando isso em conta, esta tese discutirá os conceitos políticos de Arendt, apresentará seu debate com o pensamento político e indicará sua crítica ao mundo contemporâneo. Nossa hipótese consiste em que Sobre a Revolução pode ser interpretado como uma narrativa da história dos conceitos. Buscaremos sustentar que neste livro a história conceitual indica a distinção entre as concepções antigas, tradicionais e revolucionárias; revela o pathos de novidade das revoluções; permite formular as narrativas das Revoluções Norte-Americana e Francesa por meio das concepções dos revolucionários; trata da distorção de significado de alguns conceitos produzida pelas teorias no século XX e recupera as concepções e experiências esquecidas, que são capazes de auxiliar na compreensão do presente. / This thesis aims at discussing primarily the book On Revolution by Hannah Arendt. Considering that this book has been less debated than Origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition and Eichmann in Jerusalem by the commentators, my research seeks to add to the Arendtians thought literature. Moreover, it also aims at contributing with the debates of political philosophy by dealing with the main concepts introduced in On Revolution, such as freedom, action, power, foundation, resistance, sovereign, rule, government, representation, among others. I will demonstrate that in Arendts thought the concepts of revolution and of politics are formulated against the tradition and against the most influential theories of her time: the Marxism and the Liberalism. According to her, the traditional categories are not able to explain the novelties brought by revolutions. The Marxism supports the debate on social question over the political matters and it does not take into account the North-American Revolution. In turn, Liberalism mainly deals with the private activities and individual welfare thereby it devaluates the public activities and the revolutionaries experiences. In this sense, On Revolution came from an effort to valorize the political aspects of revolutions and to criticize the hegemonic theories in the 1960s. I hold that the critic bias of this book has not lost its strength: differently from historiography and political thought which have arose since 1980, Arendt does not assert that the French revolutionary experience was a complete failure nor consider the settlement of liberal representative government as the most important novelty of North-American Revolution. She discusses both the great acts and ideas and the misconception in the revolutions of the New and Old World. Taking it into account, this thesis will discuss the Arendtian political concepts, it will introduce Arendt debate with political thought and it will indicate her critic about the contemporary world. My hypothesis is that On Revolution can be interpreted as a narrative on history of concepts. I seek to demonstrate that the conceptual history in this book points to the distinction between Ancient, traditional and revolutionaries conceptions; it discloses the pathos of novelty which was brought by the revolutions; it allows to formulate through the conceptions of revolutionaries the stories on North-American and French Revolutions; it deals with some misleading concepts created by twentieth centurys theories; and it recovers forgotten concepts and experiences able to aid in the task of understanding the present.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the Nobel Committee uses the concept of peace in their press releases about the Nobel Peace Prize. This essay starts by investigating various articles and books to establish a basic understanding of how to efficiently investigate peace. This research then prompts us to investigate the related concepts of War, Conflict and Violence. It also tasks us to investigate a possible expansion of the concept in the context of a expanding globalised world. We could also relate ideas of peace to ideas of democracy and world order. This is done through Kosellecks methods of ”begriffsgeschichte”, by investigating the use of these various terms as well as their semantic field, we get an idea of how they’re conceived, and thus, the context in which they are used. This essay uses press releases found on the Nobel Prize Committee website as well as the award speeches as complements. This essay shows us how the concept of peace has grown, incorperating new ideas of justice, democracy and human rights. This can be seen in the context of an increasingly complex, westernized, globalised world, furthering the need for wider, more nebulous concepts to describe it.

Today it is common to describe fascism and communism as totalitarian and/or political religions. Conceptual history, often associated with the German historian Reinhart Koselleck, is together with the historiographical perspective, defining for this study. This thesis investigates the scientific use of the concepts totalitarianism and political religion by studying the works of important scholars of the 20th and 21st centuries to explain how the concepts have been described and understood. This paper also seeks to explain why the concepts have been so influential over such a long time and with a renewed focus during the 1990s. The thesis pays particular focus to the 1990s when political religion as a concept grew inpopularity among scholars who had to determine the relation between political religion and totalitarianism. The works of leading scholars of political religion, Emilio Gentile, Hans Maier and Michael Burleigh have been studied to show how a renewed discourse of political religion has been created during the 1990s. The results show that there are many interpretations of totalitarianism and political religion, but the leading scholars of political religion also present a high degree of consensus on how the relation between the concepts should be defined and what their relation to each other are. The results also show that the influence of the concepts can be linked to their role as liberal, ideological concepts and the struggle of Western liberalism during the 20th and 21st centuries to define a common core between fascism and communism and to clarify these dystopian alternatives to a liberal democracy.

Republicanism is often divided into neo-Roman and neo-Athenian versions. However, both traditions considered separately can provide only a limited and narrow understanding of republicanism and thus deprive the republican political theory of valuable insights. On the contrary, this thesis argues that it would be preferable, both historically and theoretically, to conceive of the neo-Roman and the neo-Athenian strands as branches of a single integrated republican tradition. The thesis begins with a methodological discussion focused on how such an integrated account might be formulated and explains its preference for a conceptual approach that follows the morphology-oriented methodology developed by Michael Freeden. The thesis proceeds to track down the earliest formulations of republican concepts in ancient Greece, then turns to the Roman usage of these concepts and analyses the similarities and differences between the two earliest appearances. The next part concentrates on development of these concepts during the early modern era of classical republicanism in Italy, England and America. Afterwards, the most prominent neo-Athenian and neo-Roman approaches are analysed and interrelated. The last chapter summarises and synthesises the most important findings: (1) Two separate narratives of the...

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of the concept utanförskap in the parliamentary debate focusing on the three largest parties socialdemokraterna, moderaterna and sverigedemokraterna. This study finds itself in the context after the refugee crisis of 2015 and in times where the values we thought where everlasting are being questioned. Where political tension in the fields of immigration and integration reach their highest level of political conflict and where immigration policy reaches its highest-level om importance during the 2018 election campaign. Immigration and integration are attached to the concept of utanförskap as the concept is used as an implication of earlier failed integration. This study uses a combination of methods where Kosselecks conceptual history and Faircloughs critical discourse analysis are applied to the empirical material of proposals in the parliament. Both rest on the theoretical foundation of constructivism. The main finding in the study is that the three parties use the concept differently. Moderaterna use the concept of economic utanförskap while socialdemokraterna use the concept of social utanförskap and lastly sverigedemokraterna use a combination of booth other uses of the concept. The analysis shows no signs of conceptual change based on the empirical material and the previous research from Davidsson (2010) between the time periods of 2003-2006 and 2016-2018. The discourses discovered in the use of the concept are the sub-class discourse and the inside/outside discourse.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação diz respeito à realização de um estudo recuperando a história do conceito de interseccionalidade e a recepção do mesmo nos cursos de pós-graduação em áreas interdisciplinares no campo das Humanidades no Brasil, particularmente nas universidades fluminenses, apoiado nas premissas metodológicas da História dos Conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a circulação de determinados conceitos desacompanhados de sua historicidade tende a esvaziá-los de sua potencia política e analítica, ainda quando mobilizados em um ambiente de análise, pesquisa e produção do saber. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com levantamento bibliográfico associado a entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como conclusão, apresento a influência da localização geopolítica das universidades por onde as cientistas passaram durante sua formação com o momento e o modo de recepção do conceito de interseccionalidade. / [en] The objective of this dissertation concerns the realization of a study recovering the history of the concept of intersectionality and its reception in postgraduate courses in interdisciplinary areas in the field of Humanities in Brazil, particularly in the universities of Rio de Janeiro, supported by the methodological premises of History of Reinhart Koselleck s Concepts. The hypothesis of this research is that the circulation of certain concepts unaccompanied by their historicity tends to empty them of their political and analytical power, even when mobilized in an environment of analysis, research and knowledge production. This is a qualitative research, with a bibliographic survey associated with semistructured interviews. As a conclusion, I present the influence of the geopolitical location of the universities where the scientists passed during their training with the moment and the way ofreception of the concept of intersectionality.

Tor Andræ’s I myrtenträdgården is the only comprehensive work on sufism written in Swedish language. The concept ”sufism” is interesting when it comes to conceptual shifts and according to Carl W. Ernst, ”sufism” is a westernised construction of an eastern phenomenon. This study examines Andræ's text in the light of Ernst's theory. The aim is to investigate if rhetoric with its theories on topos, fallacies and identification can help us gain insight into this construction and the discussion of sufism in general, and how conceptual shifts takes place in a specific material. The study tells us that Tor Andræ’s I Myrtenträdgården, despite his good intention, shows a hegemonic picture of a sufism with its roots in christianity, a picture that helps to maintain the confusion surrounding the concept. The study also shows that it is mainly through argumentation and identification that this construction takes place. Rhetorical criticism, with its theories, is therefore a fine instrument for highlighting this construction at work.

This master's thesis conducts an in-depth examination of the concept of zhutixing 主體性 in the writings of contemporary Chinese philosopher Li Zehou 李澤厚 (1930 – 2021). Zhutixing, typically translated as “subjectivity,” takes on a distinct meaning in Li's philosophy, and is referred to as “subjectality.” It serves as the overarching framework through which Li endeavors to reconcile fundamental human dichotomies, including the interplay between freedom and necessity and collective demands and individual aspirations. The thesis utilizes conceptual history as a methodology to contextualize Li's concept of subjectality within the broader history of the term subjectivity and its translation into Chinese. The research demonstrates the influence of the semantic understanding of the term in Chinese on Li’s interpretation. A careful analysis of Li’s writings follows which pays special attention to the chronological development of Li's concept. It traces the successive incorporation of Kantian, Confucian, liberal, and pragmatic elements into a philosophical framework inspired by the early writings of Karl Marx. It furthermore illustrates influences of academic trends, political events, and Li’s political aspirations on his philosophy. The thesis concludes with a comprehensive evaluation of Li’s philosophical undertaking and suggests the enactivist theory as a valuable resource to address some limitations within Li's works. This thesis contributes to the research on Li Zehou's philosophy and contemporary Chinese philosophy, especially the intersection of Marxism and Confucianism. It might also be relevant to scholars of conceptual history within the Chinese context, specifically pertaining to the concept of subjectivity.:Table of Content 1. Introduction 1 2. The History of Subjectivity 4 2.1. The European Trajectory 4 2.2. Translating Subjectivity 8 2.3. Survey of Related Discourses 11 2.4. Li’s Self-Positioning in the Discourse on Subjectivity 15 2.5. Negative Outline of Li’s Concept of Subjectality and His Philosophical Placement 21 3. From Subjectivity to Subjectality 22 3.1. The Anthropological Formation of Subjectality 23 3.2. Development of Subjectality in the 1980s 24 3.2.1. The Three Aspects of the Psychological Structure of Subjectality 25 3.2.2. The Structure of Subjectality in his Second Outline 31 3.2.3. Life as the Fundamental Fact and the Philosophy of Eating in Li’s Third and Fourth Outline 35 3.2.4. Political Dimensions of Subjectality in the 1980s 37 3.3. Li Zehou and the Discourse on Subjectivity in China after 1980 39 4. Subjectality in Li’s Mature Phase 43 4.1. Li’s Practical Philosophy 44 4.1.1. Ethics and Morality 45 4.1.2. Theory of Two Morals 48 4.1.3. Universal and Relative 52 4.2. Li’s Utopian Vision 56 4.3. Problems with Harmony of Heaven and Humankind 58 4.4. Li in the Philosophical Discourse of the 21st Century 60 5. Evaluation of Li’s Philosophy of Subjectality 62 5.1. The Role of Subjectality in Li’s Philosophy 62 5.2. Critique of Li’s Aspiration and Scholarly Attitude 63 5.3. Suggestions for Scientific Concretization of Li’s Theory 64 5.4. The Pragmatic and Dynamic Character of Li’s Philosophy 66 6. Glossary of Specific Terms and Phrases 68 7. Bibliography 70

The aim of this dissertation is to investigate what linguistic meanings the concept of quality is imbued with in different educational arenas and to discuss the consequences of such meanings for education. From this aim the main research question is: What does the concept of quality do to education and what does education do to the concept of quality? The question indicates an interest in understanding how the concept of quality and education mutually influence each other. The empirical material consists of national texts written by the government and the national school authorities, mainly between the years of 1997 to 2008, as well as interviews with different people from three local school authorities and schools. Theoretically the approach is inspired by Quentin Skinner and speech-act theory as well as Reinhart  Koselleck and conceptual history. While Skinner is mainly interested in the rhetorical use of concepts, Koselleck’s interest lies in investigating how concepts carry historical time. For this study, some analytical concepts are lifted from these two theories and are applied to the empirical material. From the analysis, four concluding criteria of application are formulated: education quality, result quality, market quality and system quality. The result shows that certain meanings, which for a long time have been connected to education and, in this study, are incorporated under the umbrella criterion education quality, have been challenged and partly  marginalized. Instead, the dominance of result quality, market quality and system quality lead to an acceptance of new social perceptions in education. The different national and local structures that are developed to measure quality have a high impact on local practice. As a consequence of a shift from goal to result, overriding goals are clarified and made juridically controllable. The changes also lead to consequences for the different actors in the education system, as well as for teachers, national politicians and for national and local school administrations.