Many predatory species cause negative impacts on human interests by threatening game, livestock or human safety. These impacts can create conflicts where stakeholders differ over wildlife management and when one party is perceived to exert their interests at the expense of the other. Finding effective methods to mitigate conservation conflicts requires an interdisciplinary perspective that investigates (i) the reality of the apparent impacts, (ii) the efficacy of any methods intended to remedy them and (iii) the perceptions, motivations and objectives of key stakeholders. In this thesis, I investigated a conservation conflict in the U.K. surrounding predators and game management. I did so with specific reference to the common buzzard Buteo buteo, a species that, due to predation of released pheasants Phasianus colchicus, is both subject to illegal persecution and on- going controversy concerning the licenced selective removal of ‘problem individuals’. I first review the literature to assess the ecological evidence that certain ‘problem individuals’ can be both disproportionately responsible in impacts upon human interests and more likely to reoffend. I show that while there is evidence for these animals across many different taxa, the benefits of their removal can sometimes be short-lived. I highlight possible indirect impacts of selective management and identify it as a potential compromise between different stakeholder groups. Next, I evaluate the performance of Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) in quantifying the diets of wild animals. By comparing indirect and direct observations of buzzard foraging, I demonstrate that, with the correct selection of trophic discrimination factors, stable isotope analyses can provide a reliable picture of dietary composition that mirrors direct observations. I then apply these mixing models to evaluate the ecological basis of selective removal of ‘problem buzzards’. The results suggest that the consumption by buzzards of released pheasants is not limited to release pens where gamekeepers perceive buzzard predation to be a problem. However, I then show that stable isotope analysis of blood sampled from two of the four buzzards caught inside pens indicates frequent consumption of released pheasants, relative to the rest of the buzzard population. These results suggest that, while some pheasant consumption may go undetected, selecting only buzzards inside pens for removal is likely to target ‘problem birds’. I then investigate buzzard foraging and breeding ecology on land managed for pheasant shooting. I find that buzzards nest at higher density in areas with greater abundances of pheasants and rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus. However, records of provisioning from nest cameras showed that only rabbits were caught in proportion to their abundance and only rabbit provisioning rate was associated with buzzard productivity. I suggest that the positive relationship between buzzard and pheasant abundance, although seemingly unconnected to pheasant predation, might influence how gamekeepers perceive buzzard impact. Next, I conduct semi-structured interviews on the subject of predator control with 20 gamekeepers across the south of England, to explore the underlying beliefs, norms and information sources that motivate their behaviour. From these interviews, I identify a number of separate, but interconnected, motivations that influence predator control including professional norms, potential penalties, and interpretations of what is ‘natural’. The influences of these motivations are discussed in detail and a conceptual model, incorporating the theory of planned behaviour, is developed. Finally, the key contributions of this thesis are drawn together and discussed in their wider context. Taken together, the results of this thesis illustrate how predator management occurs simultaneously within social and ecological contexts that incorporate the individual attributes of both predators and people. The results of this thesis have direct implications for the management of predators, the representation of stakeholder perspectives and the design of conflict mitigation measures.

No description available.

<p>Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur pedagoger arbetar med att hantera konflikter mellan barn, samt att jämföra två olika förskolor för att se vilka likheter och skillnader som finns. Studien bygger på ett frågeformulär med sex pedagoger på två olika förskolor samt en litteraturstudie som jämförs med pedagogernas svar i frågeformulären. I bakgrunden beskrivs bland annat ett teoretiskt perspektiv samt olika författares syn på konflikter och hantering av konflikter. Resultatet visar på en viss skillnad i arbetet med konflikthantering. Detta genom att olika tankar kring barns känslor har visats samt att pedagogerna på ena förskolan gärna håller sig mer i närheten av de barn som ofta hamnar i konflikter till skillnad från de pedagogerna på den andra för skolan. De likheter som visas är bland annat att alla pedagoger i denna studie är överrens om att barn kan till viss del lösa konflikter själva.</p>

No description available.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur pedagoger arbetar med att hantera konflikter mellan barn, samt att jämföra två olika förskolor för att se vilka likheter och skillnader som finns. Studien bygger på ett frågeformulär med sex pedagoger på två olika förskolor samt en litteraturstudie som jämförs med pedagogernas svar i frågeformulären. I bakgrunden beskrivs bland annat ett teoretiskt perspektiv samt olika författares syn på konflikter och hantering av konflikter. Resultatet visar på en viss skillnad i arbetet med konflikthantering. Detta genom att olika tankar kring barns känslor har visats samt att pedagogerna på ena förskolan gärna håller sig mer i närheten av de barn som ofta hamnar i konflikter till skillnad från de pedagogerna på den andra för skolan. De likheter som visas är bland annat att alla pedagoger i denna studie är överrens om att barn kan till viss del lösa konflikter själva.

Latterly psychologists more and more talk about preparation of the futures specialists. According to the results of the specialists in sport depending with self-confidence, relationship and other reason. In this study we try to find the answer the subject of research. We try to prove or disprove upraised hypothesis. We try to show, that after education program the futures coaches ability in the conflicts resolve is in the higher level. The subject of research – uncover the futures coaches ability in the conflicts resolve and the peculiarity of development. We have too goals of research. The first one is uncover the futures coaches ability in the conflicts resolve and the peculiarity of development before the education program and after. Second on is uncover the futures coaches viewpoint on the conflicts resolve.

Sporte kaip ir gyvenime konfliktai yra gana dažni. Pastebėta, jog ilgai trunkantys, dažni konfliktai mažina sportininko veiklos efektyvumą, žlugdo tarpasmeninius santykius. Jie tampa net pagrindine kliūtimi siekiant aukštų rezultatų. Darbe buvo bandoma išsiaiškinti kokie konfliktai vyrauja krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių ir studentų komandose. Kaip jų išvengti ir ar verta vengti, kokios galimybės spręsti įsiliepsnojusius konfliktus. Taigi tyrimo problema: kokie yra krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių ir studentų konfliktų ypatumai ir jų sprendimo būdai. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti krepšinį žaidžiančių studentų ir moksleivių konfliktų ypatumus ir jų sprendimo būdus. Tikslui įgyvendinti buvo pasirinkti uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti vyraujančias krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių ir studentų konfliktų sprendimų strategijas. 2. Ištirti krepšinį žaidžiančių studentų ir moksleivių polinkį konfliktuoti. 3. Ištirti konfliktų, vyraujančių tarp krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių ir studentų ypatumus. Tyrimo hipotezė – nėra skirtumų tarp sportuojančių moksleivių ir studentų konfliktų sprendimo strategijų. Tyrimas buvo atliktas Kauno rajono Ežerėlio vidurinėje ir Zapyškio pagrindinėje mokyklose, bei LKKA. Jame dalyvavo 36 Ežerėlio vidurinės mokyklos mokiniai, 20 Zapyškio pagrindinės mokyklos moksleivių ir 60 LKKA Sporto Edukologijos ir Sporto Technologijų fakultetų studentų. (116 respondentų). Tyrimo metodai: literatūros šaltinių analizė; K. Tomaso metodika reakcijų į konfliktines situacijas tipų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In sport as well as in life conflicts are rather frequent. It has been observed that long-lasting and frequent conflicts reduce the effectiveness of activities of athletes and frustrate interpersonal relationships. The conflicts may even become the major retardation in seeking high results. In this paper it has been attempted to find out what kinds of conflicts prevail in the teams of students and pupils who play basketball; how to obviate conflicts and is it worth obviating them; what are the possible ways to solve these conflicts. Thus, the problem of the research is the following: what are the peculiarities of conflicts among students and pupils who play basketball and what are the possible ways to solve them. Aim of research – to reveal the peculiarities of conflicts among students and pupils who play basketball as well as the possible ways to solve them. To implement this aim the following goals were chosen: 1. To determine prevailing strategies in solving conflicts among students and pupils who play basketball. 2. To examine students and pupils’ who play basketball tendency to conflict... 3. To investigate the peculiarities of conflicts which prevail among students and pupils who play basketball. Hypothesis of research – there are no differences between students basketballers and pupils basketballers’ in solving conflicts. The research was carried out in Ezerelis and Zapyskis schools in Kaunas area and in LKKA. In this research participated 36 pupils from Ezerelis and... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas – jaunesnių ir vyresnių klasių mokinių konfliktai ir jų sprendimų ypatumai. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti jaunesnių ir vyresnių klasių mokinių konfliktus ir jų sprendimų ypatumus. Hipotezės – keliame prielaidas, kad - vyresnių klasių mokiniai konfliktuoti pamokose linkę labiau, nei jaunesnių klasių mokiniai. - vyresnių klasių mokiniai naudoja įvairesnes konflikto sprendimo strategijas nei jaunesnių klasių mokiniai. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti jaunesnių ir vyresnių klasių mokinių konfliktų ypatumus. 2. Nustatyti jaunesnių ir vyresnių klasių mokinių konfliktų sprendimo strategijų ypatumus. Išvados: 1. Nustatyta, kad daugiausiai jaunesnių klasių mokinių su kitais mokiniais konfliktuoja dėl pravardžiavimo (43 proc.). Vyresnių klasių mokinių dėl pravardžiavimo konfliktuoja 30 proc. Taip pat nustatyta, kad daugiausiai vyresnių klasių mokinių (39 proc.) konfliktuoja pamokose dėl smulkmenų. Jaunesnių klasių taip atsakiusiųjų mokinių buvo 20 proc. Nustatyta, kad mokinių vertinimai, dėl ko jie konfliktuoja su kitais mokiniais statistiškai patikimai skiriasi (p<0,05). 2. Nustatyta, kad 91 proc. jaunesnių ir 96 proc. vyresnių klasių mokinių spręsdami konfliktus yra linkę naudoti kompromiso strategiją. Pagal kompromiso strategijos naudojimą, jaunesnių ir vyresnių klasių mokiniai statistiškai patikimai skyrėsi (p<0,05). Vengimo strategiją konfliktams spręsti naudoja 85 proc. jaunesnių ir 95 proc. vyresnių klasių mokinių. Nustatyta, kad pagal vengimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the research: younger and older students conflicts and its solution peculiarities. The purpose of the research – to analyse younger and older students conflicts and its solution peculiarities. Hypothesis – we several assumptions, that: - Older students use more ways to manage conflicts than younger students. - Older students are more likely to conflict during lessons than younger students. The objectives of the research: 1. To reveal younger and older students conflicts peculiarities. 2. To reveal younger and older student conflicts solution strategies peculiarities. Conclusions: 1. Research showed that mostly younger students conflict because of how they call each other (43 percent). Older students conflict because of that only 30 percent. Also, mostly (39 percent) older students conflicts in class starts because of details. Younger students do so only 20 percent. Calculations show, that students opinion, why they conflict, is statistically different (p<0,05). 2. Research showed that 91 percent of younger students and 96 percent of older students are likely to solve conflicts with compromise. Based on how many students use compromise strategy, younger and older students are statistically different (p<0,05). Also, 85 percent younger and 95 percent older students are likely to solve conflicts with avoidance strategy. Calculations show, that younger and older students are statistically different (p<0,05) of using avoidance strategy.

<p>Currently, one of the most dramatic threats to human security is constituted by internal armed conflicts. In 1998, violent conflicts took place in at least 25 countries. Of these armed conflicts, 23 were internal, engaging one or more non-State armed groups. A crucial feature of internal conflicts is the widespread violation of humanitarian law and human rights by armed groups, from rebel groups to private militias. This thesis aimed at identifying various ways of promoting a better implementation of the Geneva Conventions and its Protocols by NSAGs in the Great Lakes Region.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 443-488) Also available via the World Wide Web.