Purpose–This study has examined the information behaviour and perception of information in a group ofinformation users who have a critical approach to the media and the information supply. Some of them call themselvesor are being called conspiracy theorists. The purpose was to examine how their information behaviour is influenced by the belief that the information is biased or inaccurate and what the information behaviour looks like when the user searches for discrepancies rather than a response to a question. Method–The study is based on transcribed interviews and email responses to interview questions. The model used to analyze the source material is Christine Bruceʼs seven categories of information literacy as presented in Seven Faces of Information Literacy. The outcome is compared with other user studies. Subsequently, the source material has been studied through Michel Foucaultʼs discourse theory. Focus is on power, anti-discourses and institutions. Findings–The analyses have shown that the informants have a sufficiently uniform information behaviour to be studied as a user group. Their information behaviour is focused on different strategies for evaluating information and understanding courses of events. This behaviour is based on a critical approach to what is considered as "truth" in the discourse. Originality/value–The user group has not been studied before in LIS research. Paper type–This is a two years master’s thesis in library and information science in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

This Thesis is focused on the samizdat periodical called Information on Charter 77, which belonged to the important sources of spreading the informations within the dissent and publicizing the key thougts and concepts of Charter 77. The periodical was publishing the Charter documents, communiques of the Comittee for the Defence of the Unjustly Persecuted, brief messages about represion of the normalisation regime, dissident's letters adressed to the state organs, critical reviews and annotations of other samizdat periodicals and books and rarely the reflections on the economy. Topic of the research are personality profiles of the protagonists, functioning of the "independent" editing, preparing and distribution of texts, forming of the distributional net, conspirative milieu (using codes, pseudonyms, conspirative apartments, konfidence etc.), financing and sending abroad.

Esta pesquisa verseja sobre a relação Ciência (Geografia) e Arte (Literatura), formas de reflexo da realidade e objetivação humana. Dito isto, nosso objetivo principal é analisar o processo de modernização urbana da cidade do Crato, Ceará, tendo como referência central os livros \"Matozinho Vai à Guerra\" (2007) e a \"Delicada Trama do Labirinto\" (2013), ambos de autoria do escritor José Flávio Vieira. A partir de um recorte espaço-temporal (Crato, 1950 aos dias atuais) analisamos as transformações sócio-espaciais fundamentadas em um ideário de modernidade que afetou não somente o arcabouço físico da urbe, a exemplo da demolição de prédios e casas históricas ou de interferências estruturais no solo urbano que até hoje são vistas como cicatrizes abertas (destruição criativa por meio da guerra de Matozinho), mas de mudanças quanto à forma de sociabilidade, na cultura (culinária, dança, moda, música, etc.), da perda do centro, dos referenciais históricos, de sujeitos alienados (perdidos nas Tramas do Labirinto). Para tal, tendo o materialismo histórico e dialético como método, escolhemos o que Harvey (2015) denominou de \"materialismo histórico-geográfico\", que consiste em uma possibilidade teórico-prática para entender a dinâmica urbana em um dado espaço-tempo. Além do diálogo principal com a Literatura, sobretudo a partir das contribuições de Marx e Engels (2014; 2011) e Lukcás (2009; 2010; 2016), não abdicamos daquilo que podemos chamar de o \"acervo da cidade\", que consiste em uma análise documental envolvendo o objeto de pesquisa. O entendimento da Arte e da Ciência como formas de reflexo da mesma realidade, ou seja, não as distanciando da vida cotidiana, eleva a autoconsciência do ser humano, nos possibilitando refletir, a exemplo do que foi feito nesta pesquisa, sobre a lógica da urbanização enquanto via de acumulação do capital, revelando a pobreza da experiência urbana por meio de uma forma de sociabilidade que reforça a dimensão individual dos sujeitos, cada dia mais segregacionados em uma cidade cada vez mais dividida, na qual muros coibi encontros e reuniões; onde o valor de troca sobrepõe-se ao valor de uso. Inicialmente esteados numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, que pretende unir forças entre campos para superar a fragmentação do saber, ao longo da pesquisa fomos radicalmente nos distanciando dessa perspectiva. A retomada de consciência refundou os rumos da pesquisa e nosso modo de olhar o mundo, como tentamos expor ao final (por meio de \"registros ontológicos\" feitos ao longo da pesquisa), nos elementos pós-textuais. / This research focuses on the relation Science (Geography) and Art (Literature), forms of reflection of reality and human objectification. That said, our main objective is to analyze the process of urban modernization of the city of Crato Ceará, having as central reference the books \"Matozinho goes to the War\" (2007) and the \"Delicate Trama of the Labyrinth\"(2013), both authored by the writer José Flávio Vieira. From a space-time clash (Crato, 1950 to the present day), we analyze socio-spatial transformations based on an ideology of modernity that affected not only the physical structure of the city, such as the demolition of historic buildings and houses or structural urban soil that until today are seen as open scars (creative destruction through the war\'s Matozinho), but of changes in the form of sociability, culture (cooking, dance, fashion, music, etc.), loss of the center, historical references, alienated subjects Plots of the Labyrinth). For this, taking historical and dialectical materialism as a method, we chose what Harvey (2015) called \"historical-geographical materialism\", which consists of a theoretical-practical possibility to understand the urban dynamics in a given space-time. In addition to the main dialogue with literature, especially from the contributions of Marx and Engels (2014, 2011) and Lukcás (2009, 2010, 2016), we do not give up what we can call the \"city collection\", which consists of a documentary analysis involving the research object. The understanding of Art and Science as forms of reflection of the same reality, that is, not distancing them from everyday life, elevates the self-consciousness of the human being, enabling us to reflect, as in this research, on the logic of urbanization as a way of accumulating capital, revealing the poverty of urban experience through a form of sociability that reinforces the individual dimension of the subjects, increasingly segregated in an increasingly divided city, in which walls meet and meetings; where the exchange value exceeds the value in use. Initially esteemed in an interdisciplinary perspective, which seeks to join forces between fields to overcome the fragmentation of knowledge, throughout the research we have been radically distancing ourselves from this perspective. The resumption of consciousness has refounded the directions of research and our way of looking at the world, as we have tried to expose at the end (through \"ontological records\" made throughout the research) in the post-textual elements.

Avec Les Tragiques, Aubigné démolit les accusations de sédition et d’hérésie véhiculées sur le compte des huguenots par Ronsard. Surgissent entre cette œuvre et les Discours des clivages politiques et religieux où la création poétique est, pour le compte du camp de chaque poète, le moyen de favoriser quelques dispositions sur les allocutaires. La question de la réception occupe ainsi une place centrale dans ces deux œuvres antagonistes. Elle pose le problème de l’enrôlement. Celui-ci est un ensemble de ressources rhétoriques dont l’enjeu consiste à convaincre l’adversaire de ses erreurs, à raffermir les partisans et à conquérir l’opinion publique. Quelles sont ces ressources qui permettent à Ronsard et à Aubigné d’inscrire leurs allocutaires dans des rôles précis en faveur de leurs partis respectifs ? Dans notre thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux questions suivantes : sous quels traits éthiques Ronsard et Aubigné parlent-ils chacun pour subordonner ses allocutaires à ses convictions ? Qui sont ces allocutaires ? Avec quels procédés discursifs les deux poètes agissent-ils sur les pensées et sur les comportements de ces destinataires ? Vers les thèses de quel poète risque de se pencher les lecteurs ? Avec ces questions, nous avons observé les rôles de la représentation de l’énonciateur et ses figures dans le discours d’enrôlement, les catégories d’allocutaires et les styles oratoires mis en marche pour produire la persuasion, le raffermissement et la mobilisation. / With The Tragics, Aubigné demolishes the accusations of sedition and heresy conveyed on the account of the Huguenots by Ronsard. Arises between this work and the Discourses of political and religious cleavages where the poetic creation is, on behalf of the camp of each poet, the means to favor some provisions on the allocutaries. The question of reception thus occupies a central place in these two antagonistic works. It poses the problem of enlistment. This is a set of rhetorical resources whose challenge is to convince the adversary of his mistakes, to strengthen the partisans and to conquer public opinion. What are these resources that allow Ronsard and Aubigné to put their speakers in specific roles for their respective parties ?In our thesis, we are interested in the following questions : under what ethical traits do Ronsard and Aubigné speak each to subordinate his allocutaries to his convictions ? Who are these allocutaries ? With what discursive processes do the two poets act on the thoughts and behaviors of these recipients? Towards the theses of what poet is likely to lean readers ?With these questions, we have observed the roles of the enunciator's representation and his figures in the enlistment discourse, the categories of allocutaries and the oratorical styles set in motion to produce persuasion, firmness and mobilization.

This paper sought to examine conspiracy theory (CT) use across three types of groups: radical violent extremists (RVE), non-violent extremists, and moderates. Using the theory of significance quest, or the desire for one’s life to have meaning (Kruglanski, Chen, Dechesne, Fishman, & Orehek, 2009), I sought to determine whether RVE groups were more likely to use CTs, invoke need for cognitive closure (NFCC) via the use of time pressure, elicit anomie, and promote significance quest through violence than the other groups. Using text analysis software, I pulled passages from six groups – two from each level of extremism - that had conspiratorial language and then coded for the variables described above. RVE groups were significantly more likely than the other groups to use CTs and invoke NFCC through time pressure but were less likely than non-violent groups to elicit anomie. In addition, RVE groups were more likely to promote significance gain through action, but not significance restoration or prevention of significance loss. Implications of the findings are discussed.

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors attityder till fängelsevistelsen. Forskning kring kvinnors kriminalitet och fängelsevistelse är mycket bristfällig både internationellt och nationellt. Tidigare forskning utgår främst ifrån män och deras kriminalitet, vilket blivit normgivande för synen på brottslingar och kriminalvårdens uppbyggnad. Studien inriktades på kvinnliga interners attityd till fängelsemiljö, kommunikation och upplevelse av stämpling under fängelsevistelsen. 256 interner var vid tillfället placerade på olika anstalter i Sverige. Alla erbjöds delta enligt etiska rådets principer. Enkäter med frågor och påståenden på en 5-gradig ordinalskala skickades till samtliga anstalter, varav 76 ifyllda enkäter returnerades. Svaren skiljde sig åt beroende på anstalt och om man befann sig på en öppen eller sluten avdelning. Slutresultaten visade att flertalet hade en relativt positiv attityd till fängelsevistelsen.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes to their stay in prison. Research about women and crime is insufficient, both nationally and internationally. Previous research concentrates on men and their crimes, and this has created the standard within the correctional system. The current study concentrates on women’s attitudes to the prison environment, communication and the experiences of conspiracies. 256 Swedish female inmates were in prison at the time the study was in progress. Each of them was invited to participate in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Council. Questionnaires with statements and questions using a five-point ordinal-scale were sent out to all prisons resulting in the return of 76 questionnaires. The results differed depending on the institution where the prison sentences were served and whether or not it was a high- or low security prison. The final result revealed that women in Swedish penal institutions have a relatively positive attitude to their imprisonment.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors attityder till fängelsevistelsen. Forskning kring kvinnors kriminalitet och fängelsevistelse är mycket bristfällig både internationellt och nationellt. Tidigare forskning utgår främst ifrån män och deras kriminalitet, vilket blivit normgivande för synen på brottslingar och kriminalvårdens uppbyggnad. Studien inriktades på kvinnliga interners attityd till fängelsemiljö, kommunikation och upplevelse av stämpling under fängelsevistelsen. 256 interner var vid tillfället placerade på olika anstalter i Sverige. Alla erbjöds delta enligt etiska rådets principer. Enkäter med frågor och påståenden på en 5-gradig ordinalskala skickades till samtliga anstalter, varav 76 ifyllda enkäter returnerades. Svaren skiljde sig åt beroende på anstalt och om man befann sig på en öppen eller sluten avdelning. Slutresultaten visade att flertalet hade en relativt positiv attityd till fängelsevistelsen. / The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes to their stay in prison. Research about women and crime is insufficient, both nationally and internationally. Previous research concentrates on men and their crimes, and this has created the standard within the correctional system. The current study concentrates on women’s attitudes to the prison environment, communication and the experiences of conspiracies. 256 Swedish female inmates were in prison at the time the study was in progress. Each of them was invited to participate in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Council. Questionnaires with statements and questions using a five-point ordinal-scale were sent out to all prisons resulting in the return of 76 questionnaires. The results differed depending on the institution where the prison sentences were served and whether or not it was a high- or low security prison. The final result revealed that women in Swedish penal institutions have a relatively positive attitude to their imprisonment.

This dissertation examines how a group of street vendors in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, experienced a government-organized relocation from Mangkubumi Street to a newly renovated marketplace. In particular, I explore the strategies taken by the leaders of a street vendor organization called Pethikbumi to refuse the relocation and claim their right to the street. Contestations over streets, street vending and street vendor relocations constitute important moments during which citizenship, democracy and belonging are negotiated in the city. I argue that the conflict over belonging and democracy took the form of a social drama and was shaped and structured by specific moral appeals, public performances, and processes of imitation (cf. Turner 1974). The study begins with an exploration of the history of street vending and the pedagang kaki lima (street vendor) in Indonesia. I outline how the pedagang kaki lima were viewed as “dirty”, a simplified code for the transgression of social, spatial and legal boundaries. I move on to explore the way the street vendors of Pethikbumi drew on ideas of “the people” (rakyat), democracy and transparency in claiming their rights. I analyze the ways that Pethikbumi drew on important moments in Indonesia’s past and present, situating this relocation conflict as significant and as part of “history”. The relocation was also rooted in an epistemology of “skepticism” derived from an awareness of the ambiguity and tension between appearances and realities (cf. Anderson 1990). Pethikbumi engaged in tactics to both reveal and conceal the “unseen powers” that were imagined as working behind the scenes to generate conflict. The conflict over the relocation to a marketplace was not only a fight over who had access to the street but also a struggle over what constitutes democracy, how to achieve transparency, and who belongs in post-Suharto Indonesia.

This dissertation proposes to examine the conspiracy narratives of Don DeLillo, Joan Didion, and Leslie Marmon Silko that retell American experience with the Cold War and its culture of paranoia for the last half of the twentieth century. Witnessing the resurgence of Cold War paranoia and its dramatic twilight during the period from late 70s to mid-80s and the sudden advent of the post-Cold War era that has provoked a volatile mixture of euphoria and melancholia, the work of DeLillo, Didion, and Silko explores the changing mode of Cold War paranoid epistemology and contemplates its conditions of narrative possibility in the post-Cold War era. From his earlier novels such as Players, The Names, and Mao II to his latest novel about 9/11 Falling Man, DeLillo has interrogated how the American paradigm of paranoid national self-fashioning envisioned by Cold War liberals stands up to its equally paranoid post-Cold War nemesis, terrorism. In his epic dramatization of Cold War history in Underworld, DeLillo mythologizes the doomed sense of paranoid connectivity and collective belonging experienced during the Cold War era. In doing so, DeLillo attempts to contain the uncertainty and instability of the post-Cold War or what Francis Fukuyama calls "post-historical" landscape of global cognitive mapping within the nostalgically secured memory of the American crowd who had lived the paranoid history of the Cold War. In her novels that investigate the history of American involvements in the Third World from Eisenhower through Kennedy to Reagan, Didion employs the minimalist narrative style to curb, extenuate, or condense the paranoid narratives of Cold War imperial romance most recently exemplified in the Iran-Contra conspiracy. In her latest Cold War romance novel The Last Thing He Wanted, Didion reassesses her earlier narrative tactic of "calculated ellipsis" employed in A Book of Common Prayer and Democracy and seeks to commemorate individual romances behind the spectacles of Cold War myth of frontier. Departing from the rhetoric of "hybrid patriotism" in Ceremony, a Native American story of spiritual healing and lyricism that works to appease white paranoia and guilt associated with the atomic bomb, Silko in Almanac of the Dead seeks to subvert the paranoid regime of Cold War imperialism inflicted upon Native Americans and Third World subjects by mobilizing alternative conspiracy narratives from the storytelling tradition of Native American spirituality. Silko?s postnational spiritual conspiracy gestures toward a global cognitive mapping beyond the American Cold War paradigm of "paranoid oneworldedness".

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