Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Paulichi Chiovitti.pdf: 981770 bytes, checksum: bfb4c05dd69c01f03514cea8a23f4d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-03 / The main goal of this study is to analyze the hypotheses of restrictions on the right of full defense, catalyzed both by constitutional and legal systems, but viewing it from the perspective of the confluence with the Brazilian Federal Constitution s policy. After all, the constitutional right of full defense has the stigma of a invulnerable and intangible principle of law (now erected as a legal principle, as some law-writers prefer), which should not suffer any kind of blemish or mitigation, under penalty of violating the most relevant scopes of the jurisdiction. Indeed, the constitutional right of full defense fits in the procedural law as an issue of constitutional nature, erected as an institute of fundamental importance. So the question is: could an institute with such force and scope be actually restricted? In being so, may the law limit what the Constitution classifies as a wide and ample right as that? Or it would only be possible to have such restrictions if they are effectively contained in the text of the Constitution itself? The theme of this study is justified, in our understanding, by the recognition that our legal system provides, in several legislative vehicles, assumptions limiting the right of defense. Would, after all, these exceptions be unconstitutional? Or our legal system can authorize and assimilate these very exceptions? Finally, we intend to demonstrate how these institutes interrelate with each other, guaranteeing and restricting, in some points and in some matters, the right of defense / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as hipóteses de restrições ao direito de defesa catalisadas tanto pelo ordenamento constitucional como infraconstitucional, mas sob a ótica da confluência com a nossa Magna Carta política. Afinal, a ampla defesa possui todo o estigma daquele princípio de direito (agora princípio positivado, como preferem alguns juristas), inatacável, intangível, que não deve sofrer qualquer tipo de mácula ou mitigação, sob pena de se malferir o próprio escopo da jurisdição. Com efeito, a ampla defesa coaduna-se a um direito processual de índole constitucional, erigida à categoria de instituto fundamental. Assim, de se questionar: seria possível um instituto com tamanha força e envergadura sofrer restrições? Em sendo assim, pode a lei limitar o que a Constituição Federal tarjou como amplo? Ou apenas seriam possíveis restrições contidas no bojo da própria Constituição? A temática justifica-se, em nosso sentir, a partir do reconhecimento que nosso ordenamento infraconstitucional prevê, em diversos veículos legislativos, hipóteses de restrição ao direito de defesa. Seriam, afinal, estas exceções inconstitucionais? Ou o ordenamento jurídico as comporta e assimila? Enfim, pretendemos demonstrar como se afinam tais institutos, garantidores e restritivos do direito à ampla defesa

Orientador: Alexandre Walmott Borges / Resumo: A dissertação se dedica a investigar as possibilidades de realização de controle jurisdicional de constitucionalidade abstrato e preventivo no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Elabora-se a presente temática a partir da observação das recorrentes vezes em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) é provocado a se posicionar sobre procedimentos legislativos que afrontam, em tese, a Constituição federal de 1988 (CF/88). As alegações de inconstitucionalidade originam-se principalmente a partir das Propostas de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) que ameaçam às cláusulas pétreas previstas no art. 60, § 4º, incisos I, II, III e IV da CF/88. Para tanto, realiza-se no presente trabalho uma análise bibliográfica e teórica dos elementos da teoria constitucional que estão relacionados com o controle de constitucionalidade. O primeiro capítulo da dissertação è destinado à contextualização sobre as origens das Constituições modernas, bem como as principais características do Poder Constituinte (originário e derivado) que se relaciona diretamente com a supremacia da Constituição. Ato contínuo, no segundo capítulo são apresentados os principais modelos de controle de constitucionalidade desenvolvidos por países como Estados Unidos da América, França, Áustria. Apresentam-se, também, as adaptações que demais Estados europeus realizaram, derivadas principalmente do modelo o austríaco, bem como a formação das Cortes Constitucionais. Não obstante, nesse capítulo são, também, elencadas as principais classificaçõe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate the possibilities of realizing an abstract and preventive judicial control of constitutionality at the brazilian law system. The standing theme is made from the observation of the many times in which the Federal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, STF) is instigated to positionate itself about the law procedures that go aginst, in theory, the 1988 Federal Constitution (CF/88). The explanations of unconstitutionality are originated especially from the Purposes of Amendments to the Constitution (Propostas de Emendas Constitucionais, PEC) that threaten the immutable clauses expected in the article 60, § 4th, subsections I, II, III and IV, from the 1988 Constitution. Therefore, in this work there’s a theoric and bibliograhpic analisys of the elements from the consitutional theory which are related to the consitutionality control. The first chapter is destinated for contextualizing the origins of the modern Constitutions, as well as the main characteristics of the Consituent Power (both ortiginary and derivative) which is directly related with the Constitution’s Supremacy. Second, in the second chapter it’s introduced a wide range of the main models of constitutionality control, developed by countrys such as the United States of America, France and Austria. Also, the further adaptations made by other european States, derivative specially from the Austriac model, and another item that is also introduced is the formation of Consitutional C... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo do controle de constitucionalidade que envolve finalidades. Nesse âmbito, o trabalho pretende identificar e analisar quais as principais relações que as finalidades nutrem com as normas jurídicas e com outras finalidades; que fatores exercem influência sobre essas relações; qual a posição do legislador ordinário em face das finalidades da Constituição; e quais os tipos de raciocínio de que se vale o julgador ao lidar com fins. Para tanto, com arrimo na doutrina e na jurisprudência, a dissertação desenvolve certas distinções, tais como: finalidades contidas nas normas e finalidades justificantes das normas; normas-comando e normas-fim; valores e estados de coisas; relações conceituais e relações causais; promoção e restrição; oposição e divergência; interpretação e concretização, além de procurar estabelecer alguns critérios mínimos para a decisão no controle finalístico. Com base nos conceitos trabalhados, estuda-se o chamado desvio de poder legislativo. Com o fito de aplicar e exemplificar as ideias desenvolvidas, coletam-se manifestações de ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal em litígios submetidos a sua apreciação. Relaciona-se sucintamente, por fim, o tema principal com os temas: controle incidental, efeitos da decisão e natureza da inconstitucionalidade / This dissertation aims to study the constitutionality control that involves finalities. In this extent, the work intends to identify and analyze which are the main relationships that finalities maintain with juridical norms and other finalities; which factors influence these relationships; which is the position of ordinary legislator in view of Constitution; and what kinds of reasoning the judge apply when dealing with ends. To perform this task, with the support of doctrine and jurisprudence, the dissertation develops some distinctions as: finalities contained in norms and finalities that justify norms; command-norms and endnorms; values and states of affairs; conceptual relationships and causal relationships; promotion and restriction; opposition and divergence; interpretation and concretization, besides attempting to establish some minimum criteria to the decision in finalistic control. On the basis of these concepts, the work studies the so-called deviation of legislative power. In order to apply and exemplify the developed ideas, there are selected some manifestations of judges from Supreme Federal Court in disputes submitted to their appreciation. At last, the dissertation briefly relates the main theme to the following themes: incidental control, decision effects and nature of unconstitutionality.

This dissertation attempts to determine to what extent sections 88 and 90 of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 comply with the constitutional right to just administrative action, read with the provisions of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000. As international trade increases, it is increasingly important that the provisions of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 which regulate the industry are regarded as constitutional as potential trade between South Africa and other countries may be lost if the said provisions are not seen as promoting administrative justice. As wide and far-reaching powers are conveyed upon an administrator acting in accordance with the provisions of sections 88 and 90 of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964, it is important that the said provisions are regarded as constitutional. As not only goods, but also vessels, vehicles and other property used in connection with the suspected goods may be seized in terms of the aforementioned sections, the danger of potential large-scale pecuniary losses to the trader immediately becomes evident. As the current provisions do not allow an affected party to state his or her case before the action in terms of sections 88 and 90 is taken by an administrator, nor require the administrator to provide reasons for his or her action, the legality of the said provisions are tested against the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, as effected by the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000. The remedies available to an affected party of an action in terms of the relevant sections of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 are discussed in depth, together with the issue of the determination of the procedural fairness of such action. Certain practical guidelines in the exercising of powers in terms of the aforementioned sections are also given, providing an administrator with a minimum framework of responsibilities and guidelines in order to ensure that the legality of his or her action cannot be brought into dispute. As is evident from the content of this paper, the constitutionality of any action in terms of the relevant sections of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 will almost always depend on the circumstances of the individual case. It is therefore of the utmost importance that an administrator applies his or her mind in a reasonably acceptable manner in order to ensure compliance with the administrative justice provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The dissertation consists of a literary study, focusing on the latest developments regarding the promotion of justice in the international trade industry in South Africa, taking into account statutory provisions, case law, text books, journal articles as well as internet sources. / Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

This dissertation attempts to determine to what extent sections 88 and 90 of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 comply with the constitutional right to just administrative action, read with the provisions of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000. As international trade increases, it is increasingly important that the provisions of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 which regulate the industry are regarded as constitutional as potential trade between South Africa and other countries may be lost if the said provisions are not seen as promoting administrative justice. As wide and far-reaching powers are conveyed upon an administrator acting in accordance with the provisions of sections 88 and 90 of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964, it is important that the said provisions are regarded as constitutional. As not only goods, but also vessels, vehicles and other property used in connection with the suspected goods may be seized in terms of the aforementioned sections, the danger of potential large-scale pecuniary losses to the trader immediately becomes evident. As the current provisions do not allow an affected party to state his or her case before the action in terms of sections 88 and 90 is taken by an administrator, nor require the administrator to provide reasons for his or her action, the legality of the said provisions are tested against the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, as effected by the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000. The remedies available to an affected party of an action in terms of the relevant sections of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 are discussed in depth, together with the issue of the determination of the procedural fairness of such action. Certain practical guidelines in the exercising of powers in terms of the aforementioned sections are also given, providing an administrator with a minimum framework of responsibilities and guidelines in order to ensure that the legality of his or her action cannot be brought into dispute. As is evident from the content of this paper, the constitutionality of any action in terms of the relevant sections of the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 will almost always depend on the circumstances of the individual case. It is therefore of the utmost importance that an administrator applies his or her mind in a reasonably acceptable manner in order to ensure compliance with the administrative justice provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The dissertation consists of a literary study, focusing on the latest developments regarding the promotion of justice in the international trade industry in South Africa, taking into account statutory provisions, case law, text books, journal articles as well as internet sources. / Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Au-delà des différences tenant aux spécificités respectives du contrôle de constitutionnalité a posteriori des lois en France et au Canada, l’un étant un contrôle institutionnel, l’autre juridictionnel, la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité jette un véritable « pont juridique » entre le système français et canadien. Des rapprochements majeurs apparaissent quant au mode de protection des droits des justiciables pénaux. En effet, au-delà, de la divergence de conception des deux contrôles de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori, l’un étant un contrôle concret a posteriori, l’autre abstrait a posteriori et, mises à part les différentes histoires conduisant à l’avènement du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori dans les deux pays respectifs, l’émergence d’un fond commun apparaît. En ce sens, il peut être dégagé aussi bien un rapprochement des droits pénaux procéduraux français et canadiens tenant au mécanisme même du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori, qu’une convergence des droits pénaux substantiels français et canadien résultant des effets du mécanisme sur la protection des droits des justiciables franco-canadiens au sein du procès pénal. Ces ressemblances témoignent de la perméabilité du système français à l’égard de son homologue canadien. En définitive, le droit comparé ouvre ici la voie à des pistes de réflexions pour l’amélioration de la jeune question prioritaire de constitutionnalité dans une optique de renforcement de la protection des droits des justiciables français au sein du procès pénal / Beyond the differences in the specificity of the ex post constitutionality review laws in France and in Canada, one being an institutional control, the other a jurisdictional one, the priority issue of constitutionality (QPC) established a "legal bridge" between the French and Canadian systems. Moreover, major similarities appear of the way in which the rights of criminal offenders are protected. Indeed, beyond the divergence of conceptions of the two ex post constitutionality reviews of laws, one being a concrete ex post control, the other an abstract one and, apart from the various histories leading to the advent of the constitutional review of the laws a posteriori in the two respective countries, the emergence of a common background appears. In this sense, a comparison of French and Canadian procedural penalties relating to the mechanism of the ex post constitutionality review of laws can be found, as well as a convergence of substantial French and Canadian criminal rights resulting from the effects of the mechanism on the protection of the rights of Franco-Canadian litigants in the criminal trial. These resemblances demonstrate the permeability of the French system and the influence applied by the Canadian system. Finally, comparative law paves the way to suggestions for the improvement of the new problematic of the priority issue of constitutionality in order to strengthen the protection of the French litigants rights in criminal proceedings

Este estudo aborda a viabilidade de enfrentamento, pela autoridade julgadora em processo administrativo fiscal, do argumento de inconstitucionalidade da lei que determina a exigência do tributo. Procede-se a uma análise crítica, a partir de precedentes dos Conselhos de Contribuintes do Ministério da Fazenda, da solução usualmente adotada, de não-conhecimento da irresignação do contribuinte, sob o fundamento da reserva de jurisdição. A proposta defende a possibilidade de pronunciamento do julgador administrativo, com efeitos para o caso concreto, além de sustentar a hipótese como um direito do contribuinte, à luz da garantia constitucional do devido processo legal e dos princípios da legalidade, da moralidade e da eficiência. / This study has the purpose of analyzing how the judge when ruling on administrative and fiscal lawsuits has the possibility of challenging the constitutionality of specific tax laws. Critical analysis has been done based on case laws from Taxpayers Councils at the Treasure Department, unknown taxpayers’ confrontation, and jurisdiction. This paper presents the possibilities the judge has when analyzing the suit and the defendant’s right related to constitutional guarantees concerning the due process of law and the principles of legality, morality and effectiveness.

Le respect et l’application effective, voire même efficace du constitutionnalisme et de la démocratie en Afrique en générale et particulièrement en Afrique noire francophone ont toujours été des difficultés auxquelles les constitutionnalistes et hommes politiques de ce continent demeurent confrontés. En effet, le constitutionnalisme en Afrique noire francophone n’a pas toujours coïncidé avec la vague mondiale de démocratisation qui a suivi la chute du mur de Berlin. Toutefois, c’est à partir de 1990 que le mouvement va se généraliser. En effet, après l’accession à l’indépendance des anciennes colonies françaises, la culture politique et juridique des nouveaux dirigeants africains étant française, tout concourt à expliquer que les premières Constitutions africaines furent à quelques variantes près un décalque de la Constitution française du 4 octobre 1958. Très tôt, ces Constitutions furent mises en sommeil, quand les gouvernements civils ne sont pas tout simplement renversés par des coups d’États. Aussi, le parti unique s’est finalement imposé partout, y compris dans les pays qui comme la Côte d’Ivoire, avaient gardé le principe du pluralisme politique dans leur Constitution. Avec les nouvelles Constitutions, les régimes politiques se sont diversifiés et certains d’entre eux se sont éloignés du modèle français de 1958. Désormais, le nouveau constitutionnalisme africain s’incarne dans un double mouvement indissociable l’un de l’autre. Il s’agit d’une part de l’irruption du constitutionnalisme dans le débat démocratique et d’autre part de la consécration de la justice constitutionnelle. En somme, les résultats qui découlent des analyses démontrent que sur le terrain, le constitutionnalisme n’a pas produit et atteint les résultats escomptés en termes de démocratie, de bonne gouvernance, de respect et de sauvegarde des droits fondamentaux. Il faut tout de même reconnaître des succès qui se matérialisent par des acquis ponctuels, pour ne pas tomber dans une sorte de procès fait au constitutionnalisme et à la démocratie en Afrique. / It has always been a challenge for constitutionalists and politicians of the African continent to enforce and implement constitutionalism and democracy effectively, and even efficiently, in Africa as a whole, and more particularly in Francophone black Africa. Indeed, constitutionalism in Francophone black Africa has not always coincided with the global wave of democratization that took place after the collapse of the Berlin wall. As a matter of fact, when the former French colonies became independent, new African leaders’ political and legal culture remained French-oriented, and that was the reason why the new African Constitutions were more or less similar to the October 4th 1958 French Constitution. Very soon, these Constitutions ended up not being implemented and some civil governments were overthrown by military coups. A single party eventually imposed itself everywhere, even in countries such as Ivory Coast where the principle of political pluralism was written in the Constitution. However, a wave of democratization started to widespread in the 1990s. Political regimes diversified with the new Constitutions, and some of these Constitutions veered from the 1958 French model. From now on, the new African Constitutionalism is embodied by two inseparable trends. On the one hand, constitutionalism has forced its way into the democratic debate. On the other hand, constitutional justice has been recognized. In short, my analyses have proven that on the ground, constitutionalism has not produced and reached the expected goals in terms of democracy, good governance, respect, and safeguarding of fundamental rights. One must nonetheless acknowledge some of the achievements in order to avoid turning this into a trial against constitutionalism and democracy in Africa.

Esta dissertação de Mestrado se atem a uma discussão que tomou fôlego no debate constitucional da contemporaneidade, tendo como ponto fulcral o embate entre o princípio democrático da soberania popular e a jurisdição constitucional quando esta toma um rumo diverso daquele apontado pelos representantes eleitos pelo povo para o exercício da função criativa do direito. Para tanto, procuramos estabelecer, em primeira linha de raciocínio, a origem mais recente da forma democrática de governo, concluindo pela estruturação tricotômica do instituto, pautado tanto na soberania popular, quanto no controle de constitucionalidade e nos direitos humanos. Partindo do pressuposto de que os estados democráticos de direito da contemporaneidade estão sustentados nestes três pilares (soberania popular, controle de constitucionalidade e direitos humanos), apontamos para a necessidade premente de vislumbrar um exercício democrático que ultrapasse um critério meramente quantitativo, incluindo necessariamente os interesses das minorias na pauta de debates e escolhas de políticas públicas. Neste viés, o presente trabalho realoca a questão das minorias para o centro do debate que discute o aparente embate entre democracia e jurisdição constitucional, levantando a hipótese de que existe uma compatibilização entre institutos a partir do momento em que vislumbramos as minorias como parte integrante da engrenagem decisória. Defendemos ao longo deste escrito que o controle de constitucionalidade exercido pelas cortes constitucionais, ainda que sigam um caminho diverso do escolhido pelo legislador originário ou derivado e ser, por isso, classificado como contramajoritário , é legítimo nos casos em que tenham sido proferidas decisões sob o auspício de reconhecer direitos fundamentais às minorias sub-representadas democraticamente. Por oportuno, concluímos pela legitimidade das decisões contramajoritárias proferidas pela Suprema Corte na defesa de direitos de minorias, sustentado esta possibilidade sob os pilares teóricos da filosofia política do reconhecimento-redistribuição, mais detidamente a inspirada nos escritos de Axel Honneth e Nancy Fraser, e do constitucionalismo democrático defendido por Robert Post e Reva Siegel. / This masters thesis focuses on a discussion that was raised in the constitutional debate of contemporaneity, having as the main point, the conflict between the democratic principle of popular sovereignty and the constitutional jurisdiction when it takes a different turn from the one indicated by the representatives, elected by the people, for the exercise of the creative function of law. Therefore, we seek to establish, in the first line of reasoning, the latest source of the democratic form of government, ending with the trichotomic structuring of the institute, based on popular sovereignty, and constitutionality review and human rights. Assuming that democratic states of the contemporary law are supported in these three pillars (popular sovereignty, constitutionality review and human rights), we point to the urgent need for envisioning a democratic exercise that goes beyond a purely quantitative criteria, including necessarily the interests of minorities on the agenda for debates and public policy choices. In this bias, the present study relocates the issue of minorities to the center of the debate discussing the apparent conflict between democracy and constitutional jurisdiction, raising the hypothesis that there is a compatibility between institutes from the moment you envision minorities as part of the operative gear. We defend throughout this writing that the constitutionality review exercised by constitutional courts, although they follow a different path chosen by the legislator derivative - and be therefore classified as majority against - is legitimate where decisions have been made under the auspices of recognizing fundamental rights to democratically underrepresented minorities. At last, we conclude with the legitimacy of majority against decisions taken by the Supreme Court in defense of minority rights, sustained this possibility under the theoretical pillars of the political philosophy of recognition-redistribution, the more closely inspired by the writings of Axel Honneth and Nancy Fraser, and the democratic constitutionalism defended by Robert Post and RevaSiegel.

Este estudo aborda a viabilidade de enfrentamento, pela autoridade julgadora em processo administrativo fiscal, do argumento de inconstitucionalidade da lei que determina a exigência do tributo. Procede-se a uma análise crítica, a partir de precedentes dos Conselhos de Contribuintes do Ministério da Fazenda, da solução usualmente adotada, de não-conhecimento da irresignação do contribuinte, sob o fundamento da reserva de jurisdição. A proposta defende a possibilidade de pronunciamento do julgador administrativo, com efeitos para o caso concreto, além de sustentar a hipótese como um direito do contribuinte, à luz da garantia constitucional do devido processo legal e dos princípios da legalidade, da moralidade e da eficiência. / This study has the purpose of analyzing how the judge when ruling on administrative and fiscal lawsuits has the possibility of challenging the constitutionality of specific tax laws. Critical analysis has been done based on case laws from Taxpayers Councils at the Treasure Department, unknown taxpayers’ confrontation, and jurisdiction. This paper presents the possibilities the judge has when analyzing the suit and the defendant’s right related to constitutional guarantees concerning the due process of law and the principles of legality, morality and effectiveness.