Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-03-06T21:38:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Alves Costa - 2018.pdf: 3025718 bytes, checksum: 528397a4e8ef0d19381ad1d109155d9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-07T12:17:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Alves Costa - 2018.pdf: 3025718 bytes, checksum: 528397a4e8ef0d19381ad1d109155d9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T12:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Alves Costa - 2018.pdf: 3025718 bytes, checksum: 528397a4e8ef0d19381ad1d109155d9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research is a study about existential constructions in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. The works of Viotti (1999), Avelar (2006a), Pezatti (2014), Vitório (2008), Franchi, Negrão and Viotti (1998) found that there is a type of construction in which the verbs Ter, Haver and Existir are used as introducers of speech object in enunciative sequence in Brazilian Portuguese. From this, we aim to describe and analyze the form / function pairing of existential constructs, from the semantic / cognitive, morphosyntactic and pragmatic properties. In addition, verify their specificity of performance at the level of the text. In order to do so, the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the constructional approach, more specifically of Frame Semantics, in terms of Fillmore (1982) and the Construction Grammar, in the Goldberg (1995, 2006) and Croft (2001) . The central hypothesis is that the morphosyntactic design of this construction is evoked by a conceptual / perceptual frame scene, and thus there are levels of instantiated instantiations in linguistic expressions. This semantic / syntactic / pragmatic configuration acts at the textual level, specifically in the process of reference, aiding in the degree of informativeness of varied texts. The constructional approach considers language integrated with cognitive, sociointerational and cultural capacities, and language as a complex adaptive system with a fluid, that is, procedural structure. Precisely, Frames Semantics analyzes linguistic phenomena based on the recognition that meaning involves a web of cultural knowledge of the world, sensory-motor experiences being primary sources of this knowledge and thus the senses are relativized to the scenes. The Grammatical of Constructions defines the grammar of a language as a conceptual network, a system of cognitively interconnected entities, that constructional meaning designates a conceptual-perceptive scene based on human experience (GOLDBERG, 1995, FILLMORE, 1985, LAKOFF, 1987). With this theoretical conception, we present the results of the research that involves the uses of the existential construction in the variant of Goian Portuguese. The corpora chosen for the study are the Corpus Fala Goiana and a copy of written texts from the newspapers of Goiás. The analyzes confirmed the hypothesis that this construction presents degrees of abstraction, acting at the textual level, helping the process of reference and the degree of information. / Esta pesquisa é um estudo sobre construções existenciais no português brasileiro contemporâneo. Os trabalhos de Viotti (1999), Avelar (2006a), Pezatti (2014), Vitório (2008), Franchi, Negrão e Viotti (1998) constataram que há um tipo de construção na qual os verbos Ter, Haver e Existir são utilizados como introdutores de objeto de discurso na sequência enunciativa no português brasileiro. A partir disso, objetiva-se descrever e analisar o pareamento forma/função de construções existenciais, a partir das propriedades semântico/cognitivas, morfossintáticas e pragmáticas. Além disso, verificar sua especificidade de atuação no nível do texto. Para tanto, mobiliza-se os pressupostos teóricos-metodológicos da abordagem construcional, mais especificamente da Semântica de Frames, nos termos de Fillmore (1982), e da Gramática de Construções, na vertente de Goldberg (1995, 2006) e Croft (2001). A hipótese central é que o design morfossintático dessa construção é evocado por uma cena conceptual/perceptiva, frame, e, com isso, há níveis de existências instanciados nas expressões linguísticas. Essa configuração semântica/sintática/pragmática atua no nível textual, especificamente no processo de referenciação, auxiliando no grau de informatividade de textos variados. A abordagem construcional considera a linguagem integrada às capacidades cognitivas, sociointeracionais e culturais, e a língua como um sistema adaptativo complexo, com uma estrutura fluída, ou seja, procedural. Precisamente, a Semântica de Frames analisa os fenômenos linguísticos partindo do reconhecimento de que o sentido envolve uma teia de conhecimentos culturais do mundo, sendo as experiências sensório-motoras fontes primárias desses conhecimentos e, assim, os sentidos são relativizados às cenas. Já a Gramática de Construções define a gramática de uma língua como uma rede conceitual, um sistema de entidades interconectadas cognitivamente, que o sentido construcional designa uma cena conceptual-perceptiva baseada na experiência humana (GOLDBERG, 1995, FILLMORE, 1985, LAKOFF, 1987). Com essa concepção teórica, apresentamos os resultados da pesquisa que envolve os usos da construção existencial na variante do português goiano. Os corpora escolhido para o estudo são o corpus Fala Goiana e um exemplário de textos escritos depreendidos de jornais goianos. As análises confirmaram a hipótese de que essa construção apresenta graus de abstratização, atuando no nível textual, auxiliando o processo de referenciação e no grau de informatividade.

Este trabalho aborda os três problemas clássicos de geometria da Grécia antiga trazendo as principais histórias e conceitos necessários para compreensão dos mesmos. Construções geométricas com régua não graduada e compasso, números construtivos, corpos, números complexos e polinômios são alguns dos assuntos que antecedem o tratamento dos problemas. As construções são exibidas usando as relações existentes nas operações aritméticas, dá opções de como se representar geometricamente as quatro operações básicas e a extração de raízes quadradas, mostrando que todo problema modelado nessas condições pode ser solucionado através dos instrumentos euclidianos. Essa exibição vem ao encontro dos números construtivos, trazendo à tona quais os principais pensamentos sobre construções com régua e compasso, deixando claro a definição de construções geométricas para os gregos. São apresentados também propriedades da álgebra abstrata envolvendo conjuntos numéricos que possuem características de corpo, dentre eles os números complexos. Além disso, tratamos dos polinômios, os quais são fundamentais nas demonstração das impossibilidades clássicas. Por fim, esta pesquisa deixará claro a integração de todos os conteúdos citados acima e de que forma toda teoria pode ser organizada na realização das demonstrações da impossibilidade da duplicação do cubo, trissecção do ângulo e quadratura do círculo, frizando a mobilização dos matemáticos ao longo da história para tentar explicar tais problemas, acarretando um alto desenvolvimento da Matemática. / This work addresses the three classic problems ancient Greek geometry bringing the main stories and concepts needed to understand them. Geometric constructions with non-graded ruler and compass, building numbers, bodies, complex numbers and polynomials are some of the issues that precede the statements of problems. The buildings are displayed using the relationships in arithmetic operations, the options of how to represent geometrically the four basic operations and extraction of square roots, shows that every problem can be modeled in such conditions solucionas through Euclidean tools. This view comes against constructive rising numbers which the main thoughts of constructions with ruler and compass, making clear the definition of geometric constructions for the Greeks. It also present properties of abstract algebra involving numerical sets that have body characteristics, including complex numbers, also explains the importance of polynomials in the statement of classical impossibilities building the definition of degree of extension. Finally this research will clarify the integration of all the contents mentioned above and how every theory can be organized in the realization of doubling the cube demonstrations, angle trisection and squaring the circle, plus the mobilization of mathematicians throughout history for trying to explain such problems causing a high development of mathematics

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T12:11:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Vieira, Mariana Araujo.pdf: 2336552 bytes, checksum: a3cdecc71ec9fe00f17a840ededdcce2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T15:10:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Vieira, Mariana Araujo.pdf: 2336552 bytes, checksum: a3cdecc71ec9fe00f17a840ededdcce2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T15:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Vieira, Mariana Araujo.pdf: 2336552 bytes, checksum: a3cdecc71ec9fe00f17a840ededdcce2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to present the main problems of Apollonius.... / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar os dez problemas de Apôlonio....

Diferentes agrupamentos de verbos, parte do que chamamos aqui de construções marginais, representam em georgiano um pequeno número de verbos que apresenta peculiaridades estruturais que se desviam, de um modo ou de outro, do padrão dominante representado por classes maiores de verbos. São nessas classes maiores que esses agrupamentos menores tradicionalmente acabam por ser inseridos, estando no limiar, diacrônica e sincronicamente, entre construções morfossintáticas maiores. Argumenta-se que, assim como em relação às classes verbais maiores e mais produtivas, esses grupos menores de verbos também revelam tendências bastante específicas presentes na língua, destacando-se por apresentar diferentes processos de significação. Em vista disso, com base no movimento teórico conhecido pelo amplo termo Linguística Cognitiva, procurou-se compreender e explicar fornecendo as necessárias relações entre construções que apontam para essas tendências menos e mais produtivas e prototípicas de que forma mudanças formais vistas nesses grupos de verbos em particular como mudanças argumentais, aumento ou apagamento de argumentos, mudança na marcação de caso de argumentos etc. codificam e espelham maneiras e processos distintos de significação, e qual seria, consequentemente, a natureza dessas diferentes significações. / Different groups of verbs, that we call here marginal constructions, represent in Georgian a limited number of verbs that have structural peculiarities that deviate in one way or another, from the dominant pattern represented by major verb classes in which they are traditionally classified, since they are at the threshold between major morphosyntactic constructions, diachronically and synchronically. It is argued that, compared to the largest and most productive verb classes, these smaller groups of verbs also reveal quite specific tendencies within the language, particularly by showing different meaning processes. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework known by the broad term Cognitive Linguistics, we sought to understand and explain by providing the necessary relations between those constructions that point to less and more productive and prototypical tendencies - how formal changes seen in these verb groups in particular, e.g. changes in argument structure, increase or deletion of arguments, shifting in case marking of arguments etc., reflect and code distinct ways and processes of conceptualization, being able, therefore, to caracterize the nature of these different meanings.

Esta pesquisa investiga os usos de get nos contextos em que o verbo é seguido de sintagmas nominais com a finalidade geral de apresentar um mapeamento das construções em que esse predicado pode ocorrer. A pesquisa adota a perspectiva metodológica da Linguística de Corpus (McENERY; HARDIE, 2012), para a seleção e extração de dados da língua em uso por meio da utilização de um corpus de inglês americano (Corpus of Contemporary American English - COCA), e o embasamento teórico adota a perspectiva da Gramática de Construções Cognitiva (GOLDBERG, 1995; 2006), para a análise e classificação dos dados em construções. Mais especificamente, o referido mapeamento construcional tem como objetivo descrever o comportamento linguístico de get em dois níveis de análise, a saber: (1) No nível construcional, ao salientar as principais características sintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas dos contextos gramaticais em que o verbo ocorre e; (2) No nível lexical, ao focalizar e discutir os principais fraseologismos nucleados por get. O corpus de estudo é composto de 9.210 enunciados extraídos do COCA e conta com get em todas as suas formas morfológicas possíveis, isto é, a busca feita no corpus fez uso da forma lematizada do verbo de maneira a trazer diferentes instanciações de get (get, gets, getting, got, gotten). Quanto aos colocados, a metodologia de busca e seleção dos complementos nominais priorizou os 50 substantivos mais frequentes à margem direita de get, também em suas formas lematizadas, de maneira a garantir uma variedade semântica considerável entre os elementos que colocam com o verbo sob investigação. Os resultados a que este estudo chegou confirmam o comportamento polissêmico e a versatilidade sintática de get (ISRAEL, 2004), ao explicitarem 13 contextos construcionais em que esse verbo é produtivo. Entretanto, a análise quantitativa dos dados demonstra a preferência de get pela construção transitiva, contexto no qual o sentido central licenciado é o de obtenção. No que se refere ao comportamento de get no nível lexical, o corpus de estudo salientou 74 unidades fraseológicas nucleadas pelo verbo / This research examines the uses of get in contexts where the verb is followed by nominal phrases and it aims at proposing a mapping of the constructions where this predicate may occur. The research adopts the methodological perspective of Corpus Linguistics (McENERY; HARDIE, 2012) for the selection and extraction of data of language in use from a corpus of American English (Corpus of Contemporary American English COCA), and the theoretical framework adopts the perspective of Cognitive Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995; 2006), for the analysis and categorization of the data in constructions. More specifically, the constructional mapping referred to has the objective to describe the linguistic behavior of get in two levels of analysis, namely: (1) In the constructional level, by highlighting the main syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the grammatical contexts in which the verb occurs and; (2) In the lexical level, by emphasizing and discussing the main phraseologisms headed by get. The study corpus is composed of 9.210 utterances extracted from COCA and it contains get in all of its possible morphological forms, that is, the search run in the corpus made use of the lemmatized form of the verb so as to generate distinct instantiations of get (get, gets, getting, got, gotten). As for the collocates, the method of search and selection of the nominal complements prioritized the 50 most frequent nouns to the right of get, also in their lemmatized forms, in order to guarantee a considerable semantic variability amongst the elements with which the verb under analysis collocates. The conclusions at which this study arrived confirm the polysemous behavior and the syntactic versatility of get (ISRAEL, 2004), by outlining 13 constructional contexts in which the verb is productive. Nevertheless, the quantitative analysis of the data shows the preference of get for the transitive construction, context in which the licensed central meaning is that of obtention. As for the behavior of get in the lexical level, the study corpus highlighted 74 phraseological units headed by get

Este trabalho investiga, teórica e experimentalmente, a transferência de cargas que ocorre entre pavimentos de concreto armado ligados por meio de pontaletes, bem como busca identificar eventos e procedimentos que promovam ações críticas de execução. Em recente revisão, as normas da ABNT sugerem uma maior preocupação com as ações aplicadas nas estruturas, com o concreto ainda jovem. A literatura nacional e internacional pesquisada também indica a ocorrência de manifestações patológicas decorrentes de deformações excessivas nas estruturas devida às ações de construção que, inclusive, podem superar o que é previsto em projeto. Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma metodologia experimental e são mostradas duas análises experimentais em edifícios de andares múltiplos, com ciclos acelerados de execução. Foi instrumentado o escoramento remanescente e o reescoramento de uma parte representativa das estruturas, através da colocação de células de carga, com o objetivo de medir as cargas que são transferidas para os pavimentos por meio dos pontaletes. O primeiro ensaio contou com a instrumentação de dois pontaletes, correspondentes ao escoramento remanescente, em uma laje de tamanho médio, em quatro pavimentos consecutivos. Já o segundo ensaio contou com a instrumentação de oito pontaletes, correspondentes ao reescoramento, em uma laje de grandes dimensões em um único pavimento. Várias situações foram observadas nos experimentos, tais como: sensibilidade frente às variações térmicas, fluência no concreto, aperto descontrolado dos pontaletes em condição de reescoramento, entre outros aspectos importantes. Os resultados mostraram um grande potencial investigativo das técnicas de execução e manuseio dos sistemas de escoramento, escoramento remanescente e reescoramento, inclusive a necessidade de ampliar a investigação experimental. Identificou-se que os modelos teóricos necessitam de uma majoração de valores e que as formas de aplicação das cargas pelos pontaletes nas lajes influenciam, fortemente, a grandeza das solicitações, provocando importantes perdas de segurança. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de se ampliar as combinações de carregamento de projeto, com níveis de carga de acordo com as etapas construtivas e com modo de aplicação compatível com a quantidade e posição dos pontaletes. / This paper investigates, theoretically and experimentally, load transfer that occurs between reinforced concrete pavements connected by props and seeks to identify events and procedures that promote critical actions for implementation. In a recent review, ABNT codes suggest a greater concern on the actions applied to structures with a still young concrete. The national and international literature consulted also indicates the occurrence of pathological manifestations resulting from excessive deformations in structures due to construction actions which may overcome what is expected on the project. An experimental methodology is developed in this work and two experimental analyses on multi-storey buildings with accelerated execution cycles are shown. The shoring remaining and the re-shoring of a representative proportion of the structures were instrumented by placing load cells, intending to measure the loads that are transferred to the pavements through the props. The first test involved the instrumentation of two props, corresponding to the remaining shoring, on a medium sized slab, in four consecutive pavements. The second test involved the instrumentation of eight props, corresponding to the re-shoring, in a large slab on a single deck. Several situations have been observed in the experiments such as sensitivity to thermal variations, creep in concrete, uncontrolled tightening of props on re-shoring condition, among other important aspects. The results showed a great potential investigative of the implementing technical and handling of shoring systems, remaining shoring and re-shoring, including the need to expand the experimental investigation. It was identified that the theoretical models require an increase of values and that forms of application of the loads on the slab by the props, strongly influence the magnitude of requests, resulting in significant loss of security. It was concluded that it is important to expand the loading project combinations with load levels according to the constructive stages and application mode, consistent with the amount and position of the props.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T19:01:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Jacymar de Almeida Salgado.pdf: 1091711 bytes, checksum: f0ed1cc320f0c803135d5f30b832917e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T19:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Jacymar de Almeida Salgado.pdf: 1091711 bytes, checksum: f0ed1cc320f0c803135d5f30b832917e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-16 / The present work was carried out in three stages, which are the theoretical, research with professionals of education (mathematics teachers from public schools in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro) and performing diagnostic and educational activities at the Municipal School Cruzeiro do Sul, Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro, with students from the 6th grade of elementary school. The work has shown promise in identifying a strong tendency of mathematics teachers in this region promote their practice in teaching Plane Geometry, highly influenced by a process algebrization this science and its teaching. This study aimed to promote reflection on the current teaching of Plane Geometry in elementary school in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, as well as provide a strong tool to minimize disability in its teaching. It is speculated, with strong evidence, that the abandonment occurred in Brazil, particularly in the region where the study was promoted, the use of Geometric Constructions in teaching plane geometry is, perhaps, the main factor that affects the teaching and learning of this discipline. / O presente trabalho foi realizado em tr?s etapas, que s?o parte te?rica, pesquisa com profissionais de educa??o (professores de matem?tica da rede p?blica da regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro) e realiza??o de atividades diagn?sticas e pedag?gicas na Escola Municipal Cruzeiro do Sul, Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro, com alunos do 6? ano do ensino fundamental. O trabalho mostrou-se promissor ao identificar uma forte tend?ncia dos professores de Matem?tica dessa regi?o em promoverem sua pr?tica pedag?gica, no ensino da Geometria Plana, altamente influenciados por um processo de algebriza??o desta ci?ncia e do seu ensino. Este trabalho teve como objetivo promover reflex?es sobre o atual ensino da Geometria Plana no ensino fundamental da regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, bem como apresentar uma forte ferramenta para minimizar a defici?ncia no ensino da mesma. Especula-se, com forte ind?cio, que o abandono ocorrido no Brasil, em particular da regi?o no qual o estudo foi promovido, do uso das Constru??es Geom?tricas no ensino da Geometria Plana ?, talvez, o principal fator que afeta o ensino e aprendizagem desta disciplina.

Many topics that mathematicians study at times seem so unrelated such as Geometry and Abstract Algebra. These two branches of math would seem unrelated at first glance. I will try to bridge Geometry and Abstract Algebra just a bit with the following topics. We can be sure that after we construct our basic parallel and perpendicular lines, bisected angles, regular polygons, and other basic geometric figures, we are actually constructing what in geometry is simply stated and accepted, because it will be proven using abstract algebra. Also we will look at many classic problems in Geometry that are not possible with only straightedge and compass but need a marked ruler.

This study explores how JFL learners take a benefactive stance in Japanese. As Jaffe (2009) observes, stance-taking "plays a complex role with respect to the naturalization of social and linguistic ideologies and the social structures they legitimate." The way in which language is used to take a stance always concerns the social context in which a speaker finds her/himself. In Japanese, benefactive verbs (kureru, ageru, morau and their honorific and humble equivalents) are indispensable stance indicators for showing gratitude or indebtedness. Such expressions do not really exist in English and their grammar is complex. It is assumed that JFL learners will struggle with taking a benefactive stance using those expressions. In order to analyze JFL learners' stance-taking, data were collected from narrative interviews with ten JFL learners who are currently in 300- and 400-level university courses. In order to explore how learners attempt to show stance-reflecting benefaction, they were asked questions that aimed to elicit a speaker's feelings of gratitude. Some examples of such questions are, "Who do you appreciate the most in your life?" or "Who is the most generous person you know?" The data show that (1) learners do use (or attempt to use) benefactive verbs to indicate stance, (2) they also fail to use benefactive verbs in contexts where they are called for, and (3) they misuse benefactive verbs, e.g., using ageru instead of kureru. Furthermore, it revealed that learners tend to show stance using evaluation such as adjectives, adverbs, or ritual expressions that show appreciation but they fail to utilize benefactive verbs. This failure to project a benefactive stance can lead to miscommunication and/or misunderstanding between learners and Japanese speakers. I offer possible ways to promote learners' awareness of the benefaction in Japanese culture.

The Spanish subjunctive has been the focus of much SLA research, largely because it poses difficulties for learners of Spanish whose L1 is English (e.g., Collentine, 1993; Stokes & Krashen, 1990; Terrell et al., 1987). Investigating the same feature in heritage learners of Spanish can provide more information about their linguistic development and also has the potential to inform our knowledge of the acquisition of the subjunctive in traditional FL learners. The present study investigates whether heritage learners recognize grammatical and ungrammatical modal choice in volitional constructions. These constructions have been selected because this use of the subjunctive does not vary by a speaker's dialect or by belief about the idea being expressed. Furthermore, given that theories of language attrition posit that the structures that are acquired earliest are the last to be lost (e.g., De Bot & Weltens, 1991) and that Spanish monolingual children acquire the subjunctive in volitional constructions first (Blake, 1980; 1983), heritage learners who have experienced some language attrition may still have knowledge of this feature. To investigate the effect that language attrition or incomplete acquisition may have on this knowledge, I also compared the SHL learners in the sample who were early bilinguals in English (those born in the United States or who immigrated before age 6) with those who were late bilingual (those who immigrated between ages 6 and 13). Students enrolled in Spanish for Heritage Learners (SHL) and Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) courses at three universities in the Northeast completed grammaticality judgment (GJ) and editing tasks, which contained examples of correct and incorrect mood choices, as well as distracter items. The GJ task also required participants to explain their judgments. The results indicate that SHL learners outperform their SFL peers on recognizing correct mood selection. No significant differences were found between early and late bilinguals. SHL and SFL learners tended to correct utterances that they had rejected of judged neutrally but gave different types of reasons for accepting utterances. There were several similarities between early and late bilinguals in terms of their reasons for their judgments of utterances.