O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar as funções punitiva e a preventiva da responsabilidade civil, como mecanismos para coibir a reiteração de condutas lesivas dos fornecedores litigantes habituais, combatendo assim os danos de massa, a partir da aplicação do Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Propõe-se uma reflexão sobre como uma releitura do instituto da responsabilidade civil pode reorganizar as estruturas do mercado de consumo, e, a partir de indenizações que contemplassem os caracteres punitivo e preventivo da responsabilidade, reconduzir as condutas dos grandes fornecedores à observância da lei. / This study proposes to analyze the punitive and preventive functions of civil liability, as mechanisms to prevent the repetition of injurious conduct of habitual litigating suppliers, thus combating mass damages, through the application of the Code of Consumer Protection. It is proposed to reflect on how a re-reading of the institute of civil responsibility can reorganize the structures of the consumer market and, based on compensations that contemplate the punitive and preventive character of civil liability, to redirect the conduct of large suppliers to compliance with the law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Gomes Ferreira Filho.pdf: 2520331 bytes, checksum: 926b85ce7caac36974866e2aa444067b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / The subject-matter of this study is the legal regime of the Third Sector, analyzing both thecontrol of public resources transferred to private nonprofit andtheprotection of citizen customerof public relevance services. It was presupposed that the State is the protagonist of social rights. Legally, according to the Federal Constitution, it was possible to conceptualize the Third Sector: the set of private non-profit organizations which receives states incentives and provides social services. It was examined the main legal titles awarded to private nonprofitorganizations. It was demonstrated that the federal law of social organizations are, in part, unconstitutional. It was possible to demonstrate that the implementationofprevious and objective selectionprocess to choosethe private partner of the Government contributes decisively to prevent the waste of public resources and the committingofcrimes and acts of dishonesty. The results have revealed that the Third Sector should always carry a selection process for hiring companies and people using public funds. It was identified the regime characteristics of the consumers of products and services andof the public services user, to then present the legal rules of the ThirdSector clients. It was concluded that for protection of the citizen client, the Article22 and the entire procedure of the Consumer Protection Code apply to the Third Sector organizations which are partners of public authorities and receive funding and public goods. It wasanalyzed the means of extrajudicial and judicial action of the prosecutors in charge of the Third Sector. The internal control exercised over the transfer of public resources for private initiative is lacking, which reinforces the importance of parallel external control exercised by the Courts of Accounts and the prosecutors on the Third Sector organizations / O objeto deste estudo é o regime jurídico do Terceiro Setor sob a dupla perspectiva do controle dos recursos públicos repassados às entidades privadas sem fins lucrativos e da tutela do cidadão cliente dos serviços de relevância pública. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que o Estado é o protagonista dos direitos sociais. Juridicamente, de acordo com a ConstituiçãoFederal, foi possível conceituar o Terceiro Setor: é o conjunto de pessoas jurídicas de direito privado sem fins lucrativos, beneficiadas pela atividade administrativa de fomento, que prestam serviços de relevância pública. Foram examinados os principais títulos jurídicos concedidos às entidades privadas sem fins lucrativos. Apurou-se que a lei federal das Organizações Sociaisé, em boa parte, inconstitucional. Foi possível demonstrar que a realização de processo seletivo prévio e objetivo para a escolha da entidade privada parceira do Poder Público contribui decisivamente para se evitaro desperdício de recursos públicose a prática de crimes e atos de improbidade. Os resultados alcançados permitem afirmar que é obrigatória a realização, pelo Terceiro Setor, de procedimento administrativo prévio para a contratação de terceiros, com recursos públicos, e para seleção de pessoal. Foram identificadas as características do regime do consumidor de produtos e serviços e do usuário de serviços públicos, para, então, apresentar-se o regime jurídico do cidadão cliente do Terceiro Setor. Concluiu-se que, para tutela do cidadão cliente, o artigo 22 e toda a parte processual do Código de Defesa do Consumidor se aplicam às entidades do Terceiro Setor parceiras doPoder Públicoque recebam recursos e bens públicos. Foram analisados os meios de atuação extrajudicial e judicial do Ministério Público no controle do Terceiro Setor. O controle interno exercido sobre a transferência de recursos públicos para a iniciativaprivadaé deficiente, o que reforça a importância do controle externo exercido paralelamente pelos Tribunais de Contas e pelo Ministério Público sobre as entidades do Terceiro Setor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cecilia Cury Chaddad.pdf: 2206986 bytes, checksum: 82564a4366fdadb6ebbc1aee18a566f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-11 / This study aim to protect the rights to health and adequate food of the population with food allergy, estimated at about 8% of children and 3% to 5% of adults, arguing there is a need for the provision of information about allergens on product labels, as well as along consumers service assistance (such as electronic websites and phone numbers). It is pointed the interrelationship between the right to health and right to life as well as that between the right to health and the right to adequate food, rights whose effective protection depend on the consumers access to information. The relevance of the topic regarding the right to information about the presence of allergens and feasibility of the proposal of the obligation of allergens labeling are demonstrated through the analysis of existing standards relating to food labeling in Brazil, as well as which treatment given to the issue of labeling of allergens in comparative law. Finally, on the premise that people with food hypersensitivity need to maintain a diet that excludes the presence of allergens, as a way to ensure their well-being and their life with dignity, it is pointed to the State's responsibility to protect the rights to health and to adequate food of this portion of the Brazilian population, with the regulating of the duty of providing information about the presence (or absence) of such substances in food available for consumption for part of the food industry, although this presence give up unintentionally (traces), which depends on compliance with good manufacturing practices for food products and careful risk assessment / Este trabalho objetiva tutelar os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada da população com alergia alimentar, estimada em cerca de 8% das crianças e entre 3% e 5% dos adultos, sustentando a necessidade de que haja a disponibilização de informações a respeito de substâncias alérgenas nos rótulos dos produtos, assim como junto aos canais de atendimento ao consumidor (como sítios eletrônicos e telefones). Como fundamentação, aponta para a inter-relação existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à vida, assim como aquela existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à alimentação adequada, direitos cuja tutela efetiva dependem do acesso à informação por parte dos consumidores. A relevância do tema, atinente ao direito à informação quanto à presença de alérgenos e a viabilidade da proposta de rotulagem obrigatória, é demonstrada a partir da análise das atuais normas relacionadas à rotulagem de alimentos no Brasil, assim como qual o tratamento conferido ao tema da rotulagem de alérgenos no direito comparado. Por fim, partindo da premissa de que as pessoas com hipersensibilidade alimentar necessitam manter uma dieta que exclua a presença de alérgenos, como forma de se garantir o seu bem-estar e sua existência digna, aponta-se a responsabilidade do Estado em proteger os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada desta parcela da população brasileira, através da regulamentação do dever de disponibilização de informações quanto à presença (ou ausência) de tais substâncias nos alimentos disponibilizados ao consumo por parte das indústrias alimentícias, ainda que tal presença se dê de forma involuntária (traços), o que depende da observância de boas práticas de produção de produtos destinados à alimentação e criteriosa avaliação de riscos

The aim of this thesis is to analyse legal regulation of liability for defects and guarantee in Czech civil code and to elaborate problematic paragraphs of this area of law. Thesis defines general regulation, specific regulation for separate contracts and also specialities of consumer law according to civil codes no. 40/1964 and no. 89/2012. There are defined principles of liability for defects and guarantee liability, rights from liability for defects and complaint procedure. Thesis also contains comparision of Czech legal regulation with the English one. Law of European Union is added too, there is summarized the accuracy and suitability of implementation of European directive no. 1999/44/ES into the Czech Civil Code.

The thesis examines the enforcement of consumer rights in South Africa, and is set against the backdrop of the underlying principles and theories on the enforcement of consumer protection law. It then analyses the various forms of consumer protection law enforcement mechanisms that were in place prior to the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008, and sets out why there was a need for the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act. The thesis then critically discusses the consumer protection law enforcement mechanisms introduced and/or catered for by the Consumer Protection Act. The in-depth comparative analysis against the consumer protection law enforcement dispensations in both India and the United Kingdom culminates in a critical analysis of the successes and shortcomings of consumer protection law enforcement regime in present-day South Africa; as well as recommendations (in the form of legislative amendments and practical solutions) on how the South African consumer protection enforcement framework can be improved in order to facilitate the realisation of consumer rights. / Mercantile Law / LL. D.

In Peru, the right to choose freely among products and services has not been developed in extent, right contained in the Code of Protection and Defense of the Consumer. In that order of ideas, this right is not alleged in courts to be enforced due its content is not well known. Therefore, our research has the purpose of analyzing common situations, where the right to choose freely among products and services is discussed with the objective to limiting its scope clear and evenly, which would greatly contribute to its compliance. / En el Perú, no se han desarrollado en extenso los alcances del derecho a elegir, libremente, entre productos y servicios, consagrado, actualmente, en el artículo 1º, inciso 1, literal f ) del Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor. En ese sentido, podemos manifestar que este derecho no se hace respetar a plenitud por parte de los consumidores, en la medida que su real contenido no es conocido. Por ende, en este breve artículo queremos pasar revista a aquellas situaciones de la vida cotidiana, en las cuales el respeto al derecho a elegir está en discusión, con el fin de que aplicando, básicamente, el método deductivo se clarifiquen los alcances del mismo, y situaciones que hoy no son pasibles de cumplimiento por parte de los proveedores, lo sean.

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the application of the common law rule prohibiting unilateral price determination in contracts of sale governed by the Consumer Protection Act. The unilateral determination of price has been a controversial issue for an extended period of time. This controversy is traced back to Roman law where different translations and interpretations are given to the texts dealing with the unilateral determination of price in a contract of sale. The majority of the Roman-Dutch writers preferred the view that regarded a contract granting a discretion to one of the parties to determine the price as void. Subsequently, this view was incorporated into South African law. During the 1990s the Supreme Court of Appeal questioned whether the rule should still form part of South African law. An overview of the case law indicates that the courts have been prepared to allow contractual price discretions provided such discretions refer to an objective external standard or reasonableness. There are also indications that the courts would imply that the discretion should be exercised reasonably, except in the case of clearly unfettered discretions. Recently, the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 ("the CPA") has made substantial amendments to the law of sale in respect of contracts governed by the CPA. The dissertation investigates the influence of the CPA on the rule governing unilateral price determinations in such sales. It also investigates the consumer's fundamental rights to disclosure of information and fair, just and reasonable terms and conditions. Legal uncertainties and issues arising from the provisions of the CPA are identified. Finally, a comparative study with English law is undertaken which provides a comparative basis from which possible solutions are extracted and proposals made to address the uncertainties and issues emanating from the CPA. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

The study was conducted in Harare as regards Zimbabwe’s mobile telecommunications sector, examining the influence of a selected factors on consumers’ awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the effects that CSR awareness has on consumers. The practice of CSR influences a number of business aspects including firm financials, corporate image, corporate reputation and market share. This study has been ignited by the fact that little evidence exist in studies covering the precursors and effects of CSR awareness from the consumers’ perspective. More so, that Zimbabwe’s mobile telecommunications sector is currently the fastest growing sector accompanied with numerous CSR activities. The present study therefore sought to answer the questions which includes; (i) does ethical consumerism, consumer rights awareness, socio-environmental awareness and consumer generosity culture influence consumer awareness of CSR in the mobile telecommunications sector? (ii) what is the effect of age, gender and level of education on consumer awareness of CSR in the mobile telecommunications sector? (iii) what is the influence of consumer awareness of CSR on corporate image, consumer attitude, purchase intention and actual purchase behaviour in the mobile telecommunications sector? (iv) what is the effect of corporate image on consumer attitude in the mobile telecommunications sector? (v) what is the effect of consumer attitude on purchase intention in the mobile telecommunications sector? (vi) what is the effect of purchase intention on actual purchase behaviour in the mobile telecommunications sector? A mixed research study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire on 1,100 mobile telecommunications sector consumers in Harare, Zimbabwe. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS with AMOS while qualitative data was analysed using NVIVO. The study results indicate that ethical consumerism, consumer rights awareness, socio-environmental awareness and consumer generosity positively influence consumer CSR awareness while age, gender and level of education do not influence consumer CSR awareness. CSR awareness proves to have a direct influence on corporate image, consumer attitude, purchase intention and not on actual purchase behaviour. The study findings show a direct positive relationship among corporate image, consumer attitude, purchase intention and actual purchase behaviour. The study recognized that respondents are aware of CSR in the form of firm donations, assistance towards social causes, improving the environment, building or renovating facilities, good services, affordable prices and promotional programs. Study results points out that respondents are aware of CSR through platforms such as advertising, sending text messages, firms’ ethical or professional conduct, campaigns and exhibitions. / Business Management / D. B. L.(Business Leadership)

In South Africa, no occupational or professional councils for pastoral work exist as yet. In order to support pastoral counsellors in their negotiations to obtain professional status in this country, the presumed limitations and ineffectiveness of present mental health systems in South Africa is examined. Pastoral counselling as a possible national health resource is explored with reference to primary health care, freedom of choice, consumer rights, cost-effectiveness, spirituality, social change and reconciliation and multi-cultural application. Arguments are imbedded in relevant theory and supported by vignettes of suffering, survival, and redemption in spirituality. A postmodern, qualitative approach is used. Participants' narratives indicate that they have experienced healing through utilising their religion and spirituality. However, this study does not claim to provide conclusive proof that pastoral work is relevant in this country - it should be seen as part of a process which aims to develop pastoral counselling as a profession. / Practical Theology / M. TH. (Pastoral Therapy)

As informações acerca da performance e impacto socioambientais do fornecedor e do produto são necessárias para o exercício do consumo de forma sustentável. O conhecimento dos impactos socioambientais advindos da produção, uso e pós-consumo é requisito para a livre escolha dos consumidores por produtos que apresentem impactos socioambientais positivos em qualquer dessas fases de seu ciclo de vida. Um dos instrumentos para o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável é possibilitar o consumo de produtos que utilizem menos recursos finitos da natureza e que tragam melhorias sociais como suas consequências. No Brasil, o fundamento para a inclusão dos dados socioambientais do produto nas informações veiculadas ao consumidor está presente no ordenamento jurídico, na garantia de acesso à informação e no direito à preservação do meio ambiente, ambos inseridos no rol dos direitos constitucionais fundamentais, ao lado do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, bem como em preceitos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor e da legislação ambiental. A função social da empresa decorrente do princípio constitucional da função social da propriedade também justifica o dever de veiculação dos dados referentes ao impacto socioambiental de seus produtos e acerca do comportamento socioambiental da empresa. A veiculação desses dados beneficia a concorrência, acarretando o aperfeiçoamento dos próprios meios de produção para atrair os consumidores que optam por produtos sustentáveis. Os deveres de clareza e veracidade, decorrentes do princípio da boa-fé objetiva previstos no CC e CDC, necessitam ser observados na veiculação dessas informações para evitar a maquiagem socioambiental, que é a divulgação da falsa imagem de preocupação socioambiental ao produto. A essencialidade ou utilidade das informações é o parâmetro para sua veiculação sob o risco de ocorrer seu excesso, que impede a correta compreensão de todos os dados apresentados. Até os riscos de impactos socioambientais ainda não comprovados cabem ser informados em atenção ao princípio da precaução. O repasse dessas informações pode e deve ocorrer por todos os meios de comunicação utilizados para a divulgação dos produtos, ressaltando-se o papel da rotulagem. / The information concerning the social-environmental impact of the product and the of the producers performance are necessary for the exercise of the sustainable consumption. The knowledge of the social-environmental impacts of the life cycle impact of the product is a requisite for the free choice of the consumers for products that present positive social-environmental impacts in any of these phases of its cycle of life. One of the instruments for the reach of the sustainable development is to make possible the consumption of products that use less finite resources of the nature and that they bring social improvements as its consequences. In Brazil, is possible to conclude that the legal system establishes the inclusion of the social-environmental data of the product in the information propagated to the consumer. Brazilian Constitution imposes the guarantee of access to the information, the consumer protection and the right of the preservation of the environment, as well as the dignity of the person human being. The social function of the companies, based in the constitutional principle of the social function of the property also justifies the duty of propagation of the referring data to the social-environmental impact of its products and concerning the social-environmental behavior of the company. In the legislative basis, there are strong rules concerning information in the Code of Defense of the Consumer and the environmental legislation. The propagation of these data benefits to the competition, creating incentives to the companies improving the means of production to attract the consumers that opt to sustainable products. The duties of clarity and veracity, attached with the good-faith principle established by Civil Code and Consumer Defense Code, need to be observed in the propagation of this information to prevent the greenwashing, that it is the propagation of the false image of social-environmental concern to the product. The essentiality or utility of the information is the parameter for its propagation under the risk to occur its excess, which hinders the correct understanding of all the presented data. Until the risks of social-environmental impacts not yet proven, they fit to be informed in attention to the Precautionary Principle. The view of this information can and must occur by all means of communication used for the spreading of the products, standing out itself the paper of the labeling.