Student selection test in Turkey compose of two parts. The purpose of the first part is to assess students&rsquo / higher order thinking skills like analytical thinking, interpretation and reasoning about elementary school curriculum and 9th grade curricula objectives. On the other hand, second part of the test aims to assess students&rsquo / higher order thinking skills given in the high school curriculum. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze to what extend 2006, 2007 and 2008 student selection tests biology items assess higher order cognitive skills. In accordance with this purpose, elementary and high school curriculum and the appropriateness of the questions in the student selection test with the educational objectives of the curriculum are examined. In addition, dimensions of 2006, 2007, and 2008 SST biology items are examined by Exploratory Component Analysis and Confirmatory Component Analysis techniques. The result of those analysis revealed that SST biology items mostly focus on remembering skill and fail to assess higher order thinking skills. Additionally, there is not any consistency among 2006, 2007, and 2008 SSTs biology items in terms of dimensions which means there is not any construct in biology subtests of SSTs. The other aim of the present study is to identify how much academic and non-academic factors explain the biology achievement. While for academic factors reading comprehension, mathematics, physics, and chemistry achievements of students are used, age, gender, and school type are used for non-academic factors. Findings of the research revealed that academic factors, especially chemistry achievement, have significant affect on biology achievement. In terms of non-academic factors, graduating from selecting high school has important role for biology achievement. Additionally, older students and girls tend to have higher grades in biology.

La complexité du traitement oncologique a amélioré les taux de survie des adolescents ayant le cancer mais a également augmenté leur souffrance. Le but de la présente étude était d'élaborer une échelle pour mesurer la souffrance chez cette population. À partir d’entrevues semi-structurées auprès de 19 adolescents et 16 experts, un pool d’items associés à la souffrance a été créé. Les items ont été présentés à un panel de neuf experts pour déterminer leur validité de contenu. Les analyses ont montré une validité de contenu élevée de l’échelle par l’indice de validité de contenu de 0,98 associé à un accord inter-juges de 0,88. La majorité des items étaient considérés faciles à comprendre et à y répondre. L’Échelle de Souffrance des Adolescents ayant le cancer (ESAC) est de type likert à quatre choix de réponses. Elle comprend 41 items portant sur la souffrance physique, psychologique, sociale, spirituelle, cognitive et globale. / The complexity of cancer treatment has improved the survival rates among adolescents with cancer but has also increased their suffering. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure suffering in this population. A pool of items associated with suffering was created after analysing the verbatim of semi-structured interviews conducted with 19 patients and 16 experts. The items were then presented to nine experts to determine their content validity. The analysis showed a high content validity of the scale with a content validity index (CVI) of 0.98 associated with an interrater agreement (IRA) of 0.88. The majority of the items were considered easy to understand and answer. The scale, called the “Suffering Scale of Adolescents with Cancer” (SSAC), is a likert type scale with four answer choices. It comprises 41 items about physical, psychological, social, spiritual, cognitive and global suffering.

Bakgrund: Smärta är mer vanligt förekommande hos vuxna personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning jämfört med normalbefolkningen. Vuxna personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning är helt beroende av att personer i omgivningen uppmärksammar och kontinuerligt kartlägger deras smärta. Valida och reliabla bedömningsinstrument för smärta på svenska framtagna för vuxna personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning saknas. Syfte: Att undersöka innehållsvaliditeten hos den svenska preliminära versionen av San Salvadourskalan för vuxna personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning. Metod: I en Delphistudie med två rundor undersöktes innehållsvaliditeten för den svenska preliminära San Salvadourskalan. En enkät skapades och skickades via e-post till tretton experter i kliniskt arbete med vuxna personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning, vilka skattade relevansen av frågor i basfrågeformulär, smärtbedömningsskala samt texten tillhörande skalstegen i den. Item content validity index (I-CVI) beräknades för frågorna och Scale content validity index universal agreement (S-CVI UA) samt Scale content validity index average (S-CVI Ave) beräknades för skalan som helhet. Resultat: I-CVI för basfrågor, smärtbedömningsfrågor samt texten tillhörande dess skalsteg låg över 0,78 för flertalet frågor. S-CVI UA låg under 0,80 för alla delar. S-CVI Ave låg lika med eller över 0,90 för alla delar utom för texten i skalstegen i runda två. Slutsats: Utifrån experternas skattningar hade frågorna ett övervägande utmärkt I-CVI. Fortsatta studier av skalans innehållsvaliditet behövs för att kunna bedöma om den svenska preliminära San Salvadourskalan kan anses som valid för att bedöma beteenden som kan bero på smärta hos vuxna personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning. / Background: Pain is more common among adults with severe cognitive and physical impairments than in the overall population. These persons are often nonverbal and therefore dependent upon people in the vicinity to detect and continuously chart the presence of their pain. Validated and reliable pain observation scales for the group is scanty. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the content validity of the Swedish preliminary version of the San Salvadourscale for adults with severe cognitive and physical impairments. Method: A modified Delphi in two rounds examined content validity of the Swedish preliminary version of the San Salvadourscale. A survey was distributed over email in 2 rounds. 13 clinically experienced experts estimated the relevance in the baseline-chart, the pain questionnaire and the different degrees in it. Item content validity Index (I-CVI) was calculated for the questions, Scale content validity index universal agreement (S-CVI UA) and Scale content validity index average (S-CVI Ave) was calculated for the scale. Result: The I-CVI for the questions in the baseline-chart, the pain questionnaire and the text for the different degrees was above 0.78 in most cases. S-CVI UA was below 0.80 in every domain. S-CVI Ave was greater than and or equal to 0.90 in five out of six domains. And below 0.90 for the different degrees in the pain questionnaire in the second round. Conclusion: Based on the experts ratings of the questions I-CVI showed mostly excellent result. Further studies on the content validity of the Swedish preliminary version of the San Salvadourscale is needed to investigate whether the content validity is sufficient to measure behaviors that can indicate pain in adults with severe cognitive and physical impairments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T15:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Otacilio L dos Santos.pdf: 2060361 bytes, checksum: b4c669f94feb668acc0602d83f24931d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to analyze the content and construct validity of motor tasks proposed by the assessment instruments used to discriminate the motor performance. Nine academic authorities on motor development and motor assessment area were recruited to address the aims in theoretical terms. Three hundred and fifty children from Manaus, aged between eight and ten years of both gender participated of this study to address the empirical terms. The selected variables was: conceptual dimensionality of motor tasks, internal structure of motor tasks, gender, age and motor performance in motor tasks. To determine the conceptual dimensions of the tasks a questionnaire developed by the authors of this study (Appendix 3) was used. To study the internal structure of the task, we used the criteria described in the literature and adapted by the authors based on concepts previous determined. To determine the motor performance in tasks, 27 motor tasks were taken from three instruments of motor assessment: Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) and Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD - 2). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (p≤0.05). The results showed that 25% of motor tasks demonstrated a level of agreement among the experts, or the experts classified within the same dimension. The internal structure of the motor task had a specific analysis according to their nature depending on the criteria used. When analyzing the complexity/difficulty of the task, 33% of motor tasks showed a distribution similar to a normal distribution curve. The majority of the tasks were negative asymmetric that means an easy task since the most individuals achieved the maximum value proposed by the task. The discrimination according to gender showed that only 30% of the tasks significantly classified boys as superior than girls in the majority of the tasks. The discrimination according to age showed that fourteen tasks were significantly discriminatory (52%). Children of eight years consistently showed lower motor performance in the task compared to children with nine. Furthermore, children of nine years consistently showed lower motor performance in the task compared to children with ten. The construct validity of the motor tasks was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and was possible to extract four factors explaining 50.09% of the variance. From the 27 motor tasks, fifteen tasks (56%) achieved statistical criteria and explain the construct validity. Thus, the psychometric assumptions have to be respected in its entirety; in other words, the choice of items should be based on both theoretical and empirical elements. Therefore, caution on the importance of reversing the traditional procedure of construction and validation of instruments (concept, construct, dimensions, items or tasks) for empirical initial approach of multiple motor possibilities that can converge to the needs of the construct previously defined. / O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a validade de conteúdo e construto de tarefas motoras propostas por instrumentos de avaliação utilizados para discriminar o desempenho motor. Para contemplar os objetivos em termos teóricos participaram nove autoridades acadêmicas na área do desenvolvimento motor e avaliação motora. Para contemplar os objetivos em termos empíricos participaram 350 indivíduos, idades entre oito e dez anos, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculados em escolas na cidade de Manaus. As variáveis selecionadas para a pesquisa foram: dimensionalidade conceitual das tarefas motoras, organização interna das tarefas motoras, sexo, idade e desempenho motor nas tarefas motoras. Para determinar as dimensões conceituais das tarefas foi utilizado um questionário construído pelos próprios autores desta pesquisa (Apêndice 3). Para o estudo da organização interna da tarefa foram utilizados critérios descritos na literatura e ainda critérios adaptados pelos autores desta pesquisa definidos com base em conceitos já determinados. Para determinar o desempenho motor nas tarefas foram aplicadas 27 tarefas motoras retiradas de três instrumentos de avaliação motora Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) e Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). Os dados foram analisados a partir dos recursos da estatística descritiva e inferencial (p≤0,05). Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que apenas 25% das tarefas motoras em análise demonstraram um nível de concordância entre os juízes, ou seja, os juízes as classificaram dentro da mesma dimensão. Em relação à organização interna da tarefa motora foi possível observar que as tarefas em análise apresentam especificidades de acordo com sua natureza, variando em função do critério utilizado. Ao analisar a complexidade/dificuldade da tarefa constatou-se que apenas 33% das tarefas motoras apresentaram uma distribuição próxima a uma curva de distribuição normal. Assim, a maioria das tarefas apresentaram assimetria negativa, característica de tarefa fácil, pois a grande parte dos indivíduos conseguiu atingir o valor máximo proposto pela tarefa. Ao observar o poder de discriminação de acordo com o estrato de sexo observou-se que 30% das tarefas apenas discriminaram significantemente meninos de meninas, sendo os meninos superiores na maioria das tarefas. Em relação aos estratos idade quatorze tarefas apresentaram poder de discriminação significante (52%), onde as crianças de 08 anos sempre demonstraram desempenho motor na tarefa inferior as de 9 anos que consecutivamente apresentaram desempenho motor inferior as crianças de 10 anos. Em relação à validade de construto das tarefas motoras desta pesquisa foi possível extrair, por meio da análise fatorial exploratória, quatro fatores explicando 50,09% da variância. Das 27 tarefas motoras analisadas quinze tarefas (56%) supriram os critérios estatísticos e explicam o construto estudado. Conclui que os pressupostos psicométricos na escolha dos itens precisam ser respeitados em sua totalidade, ou seja, a escolha dos itens deve ser baseada tanto em elementos teóricos quanto empíricos. Assim, alerta-se para a importância de reverter o tradicional procedimento de construção e validação de instrumentos de medida (conceito, construto, dimensões, itens ou tarefas) para uma abordagem inicial empírica das múltiplas possibilidades motoras que possa convergir para as necessidades do construto previamente definido.

The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale, Objective Version. Content validity was obtained using Aiken’s V coefficient with the participation of 10 experts and inter-rater reliability was assessed with a sample of 45 participants from 15 families with presence of an intellectual disabled. The results showed insufficient validity in the criteria of clarity, consistency and relevance. The inter-observer reliability was moderate with an overall coefficient of .58. A new version of the scale was obtained for intellectual disabled persons, adapted to the sociocultural characteristics of Lima, Perú. / Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida: Versión Objetiva. Se obtuvo evidencias de validez por contenido mediante el coeficiente V de Aiken con participación de 10 jueces expertos y análisis de fiabilidad inter-observador en una muestra de 45 personas pertenecientes a 15 familias con presencia de una persona con discapacidad intelectual. Los resultados muestran una insuficiente evidencia de validez de jueces en cuanto a los criterios de claridad, coherencia, relevancia y suficiencia presentados. La fiabilidad inter-observador reporta un coeficiente Krippendorff ’s Alpha total de .58, correspondiente a nivel moderado. Se obtuvo una nueva versión de la Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida: Versión Objetiva para personas con discapacidad intelectual adaptada a las características de la realidad sociocultural de Lima, Perú. / Avaliaram-se as propriedades psicométricas da Escala Integral de Qualidade de Vida: Versão Objetiva. Obteve-se evidências de validade por conteúdo mediante o coeficiente V de Aiken com participação de 10 juízes experientes e análises de confiabilidade inter-observador em uma mostra de 45 pessoas pertencentes a 15 famílias com presença de uma pessoa com discapacidade intelectual. Os resultados mostram uma insuficiente evidência de validade de juízes em quanto aos critérios de clareza, coerência, relevância e suficiencia apresentados. A confiabilidade inter-observador reporta um coeficiente Krippendorff ’s Alpha total de .58, correspondente a nível moderado. Obteve-se uma nova versão da Escala Integral de Qualidade de Vida: Versão Objetiva para pessoas com discapacidade intelectual adaptada às características da realidade sociocultural de Lima, Peru.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Substance abuse is recognised as one of the greatest health and social problems in South Africa (SA). There is a need to explore the problem of substance use in the South African context in terms of the Bio-ecological Systems Theoretical Framework. All of the reviewed local and international studies on instruments that are used to measure factors associated with adolescent substance use, while yielding useful information; do not adequately address the issues of an instrument that successfully includes all the levels of the Bio-ecological Systems Theoretical Framework at the dimension level. As a result, a need for an applicable instrument exists. The overall purpose of the current study was to evaluate the content validity of the dimensions of the proposed self-administered questionnaire in terms of the Bio-ecological Systems Theoretical Framework, which will assist the factors associated with youth at risk of substance abuse in low socio economic status communities in the South African context. The study was framed in psychometric test theory focusing specifically on the procedures for content validation. It is being increasingly recognized that the development of a valid test requires multiple procedures, which are employed sequentially, at different stages of test construction. Validity is thus built into the test development from the outset. Participants were selected by means of purposive sampling. The sampling method was appropriate since the participants were required to meet certain inclusive criteria. The participants comprised of two groups of community leaders within two different communities on the Cape Flats. An adapted version of the Nominal Group Technique method was employed to collect data. The data for aim one was collected using a self administered questionnaire (Content Validity Questionnaire) consisting of two sections. The first section was presented in the form of a ranking scale with all relevant factors associated with adolescent substance use. The second section of part 1 was in the form of open-ended questions. The second aim was collected in the form of focus groups. Data was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in the relevant sections. Data collected from the Content Validity Questionnaire (CVQ) was analysed quantitatively by means of statistical analysis making use of frequencies, and the open-ended questions of the content validity and data from the focus groups was analysed qualitatively by means of thematic analysis. The study concluded that all factors presented in the CVQ are important factors associated with adolescent substance use in the two low socio-economic statuses communities that were analysed in both the quantitative and qualitative components of the study.

No description available.

<p>Background: Health status and quality of life (QOL) instruments developed for children were created with many different conceptual perspectives. These perspectives were based on contextual understandings of the terms health and QOL at different points in time. As a result, there is a wide variety in the perspectives, health and life domains that are measured with these instruments.</p> <p>Purpose: This thesis is dedicated to resolving conceptual inconsistencies that arise from various instruments using content analysis techniques.</p> <p>Method: A method for analyzing the content of self-report instruments has been created and validated for adult measures. This method uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as the conceptual framework and the standard terminology to code each item from each instrument. Content analysis using this method will be reviewed, revised and validated for child health status and QOL instruments.</p> <p>Results: The content analysis method was revised to resolve issues regarding the perspective of instruments (e.g. health status versus QOL). Once applied to child self-report instruments, many inconsistencies between measures and their application were discovered.</p> <p>Discussion: The field of child health and QOL measurement applies and interprets the use of health status and QOL instruments inconsistently and this impacts upon content validity. Additionally, the repercussions of conceptual inconsistencies have an important effect on consequential validity in child health.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Den Gemensamma Europeiska Referensramen för Språk (GERS) har haft en betydande inverkan påutvärderingen av språkkunskaper i Europa. Denna studie fokuserar på två nationellaspråkfärdighetstester med avgörande konsekvenser för testtagarna, vilkas utfärdade GERS-nivå kananvändas för antagning till utbildningsprogram, medborgarskap och certifiering i två olika europeiskaländer: CILS i Italien och Swedex i Sverige. Det som testerna avser testa och hur deras innehållåterspeglar detta analyseras i relation till GERS standardnivåer. I analysen fokuseras på inferensernaEvaluation och Explanation i Kanes (1992, 2002, 2013) och Chapelles m. fl. (2008, 2021)tolkningsargument (interpretative argument) som utgörs av sju olika inferenser som används för attanalysera de antaganden som görs om testtagarens språknivå vid tolkning av testresultat ochutvärdering av språktesters användbarhet (figur 1, s. 9, bilaga 2). Resultaten används som en del avett större validitetsargument för språktester kopplade till GERS för att underbygga antaganden omtesternas konstrukt och innehållsrelaterade validitet och konsekvenserna av testernas användning.Den genomgripande frågeställningen är hur den europeiska referensramen tillämpas mellan olikaspråkfärdighetstester och huruvida användningen av en gemensam referensram leder till en jämliktolkning och tillämpning av GERS standardnivåer och en rättvis europeisk språkbedömning. Genomanalysen utkristalliserar sig testernas starka och svaga punkter i relation till grunddokumentet GERS,och vilka sociala konsekvenser testernas användning kan medföra. Resultaten visar att testernauppvisar bristande innehållsvaliditet inom de undersökta områdena, samt att det förekommer faktorersom ligger utanför de konstrukt som testerna avser testa, vilka kan påverka testtagarens testprestation.

An interdisciplinary team of a pediatric university teaching hospital in the Montreal area, who treats annually a considerable number of child burn victims, developed a behavioral observation scale on the comfort of children of 7 years of age and less during painful procedures «Échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés» (OCCEB- BECCO). The goal of this study was to initiate the validation of OCCEB-BECCO, a new tool for evaluation of comfort for child burn victims. With samples of 16 patients and 5 experts, we proceeded to the evaluation of content validity, internal consistency and criterion validity. Results have shown adequate content validity, internal consistency with (T1) r = 0,96 p < 0,0001, (T2) r = 0,95 p < 0,0001, (T3) r = 0,95 p < 0,0001 and criterion validity with Cronbach alpha at 0,82. A future study with a larger sample and on a longer period of time would be required to pursue validation of this new scale. / L’équipe interdisciplinaire d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique de la région de Montréal, a développé un instrument d’observation comportementale sur le confort d’enfants de moins de 7 ans, lors de procédures douloureuses, soit l’échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés (OCCEB- BECCO). Le but de la présente étude était de débuter la validation de l’OCCEB-BECCO, un nouvel outil d’évaluation du confort pour les enfants brûlés. Avec un échantillon de 16 patients et de 5 experts, nous avons débuté l’évaluation de la cohérence interne de l’outil, sa validité de contenu et sa validité de critère. Les analyses ont montré une validité de contenu qui s’est avéré très satisfaisante. La validité de critère selon les temps de mesure est à : (T1) r = 0,96 p < 0,0001, (T2) r = 0,95 p < 0,0001, (T3) r = 0,95 p < 0,0001. Ainsi qu’une cohérence interne avec un alpha de Cronbach à 0,82. Une étude ultérieure avec un plus grand échantillon et sur une plus longue période permettrait de compléter les données psychométriques de cette échelle.