Chief Justice Lamer has stated that the doctrine of Aboriginal rights exists and is recognized by section 35(1) of the Canadian constitution because of the “one simple fact” that Aboriginal peoples were already here, living in what became Canada when Europeans arrived. As a result, the purpose of Aboriginal rights is to reconcile the pre-existence of Aboriginal peoples with the Crown. Yet both the conception of reconciliation and the test Lamer C.J. developed to fulfil the purpose underlying s. 35(1) are fraught with numerous problems and contradictions. This thesis adapts the relational approach in anthropology to create a trans-systemic legal framework for Aboriginal rights that allows a more equitable reconciliation than that advanced by Lamer C.J. and avoids the pitfalls of the courts’ current approach. I begin by exploring how the Court’s conceptions of society and culture, in particular, are the source of the problems in their approach to Aboriginal rights. Focusing in on the Court’s use of “culture,” I then discuss the intellectual foundations of the notion and go through the three phases of the test for Aboriginal rights showing how those foundations have influenced it and the dilemmas and barriers “culture” creates for both the courts and Aboriginal claimants. One of my major, continuing criticisms of the Court’s approach is that by focusing on culture, the lives and perspectives of Aboriginal claimants and their ancestors are marginalized, and so my proposed trans-systemic framework is based on “re-enlivening” Aboriginal rights. By focusing on life, rather than culture, I argue that this more ably meets the goals and purposes of s. 35(1). This refocusing also results in a different relationship between Aboriginal peoples, the Court and the Crown, and I conclude this thesis with a discussion of how the convergence of Aboriginal legal systems and the common law in Canada may occur.

Cette thèse étudie le phénomène du concours de chant « Super Voice Girl » dans le but de déterminer les mécanismes fondamentaux de la dynamique culturelle en Chine contemporaine. S’inspirant de l’émission américaine « American Idol », le concours de chant « Super Girl Voice » est produit par Hunan TV et sa compagnie filiale EE Media. Avec une participation massive, le concours est commenté par un jury dans les auditions régionales préliminaires, complété par un système de vote des téléspectateurs afin d’élire le gagnant. « Super Girl Voice » est devenu un des sujets les plus discutés de la société chinoise dans le domaine des medias de masse. La thèse examine ce phénomène dans la cadre théorique de l'hégémonie culturelle qui articule des vues divergentes dans des études culturelles. Pour son auteur, la force culturelle en Chine contemporaine est caractérisée par la négociation entre l’idéologie dominante, la culture populaire et les discours intellectuels. L'idéologie dominante de l’état fortement ancrée dans la société détermine la politique et les pratiques culturelles chinoises. Elle est en même temps réinterprétée et diluée dans le processus de la modernisation économique. La culture émergente populaire à visées lucratives se tient délibérément à distance de l'idéologie dominante, mais elle reste dans l’obligation de s’adapter aux règles de l’idéologie dominante. Les discours intellectuels sont diversifiés depuis que les intellectuels chinois ont plus d’indépendance économique, politique et culturelle. Leur influence, toutefois, a été minée par la politique de contrôle des médias et la dépolitisation de l’industrie culturelle chinoise. / This thesis investigates the Super Girl Voice phenomenon in order to achieve some understanding of the mechanisms underlying cultural dynamics in contemporary China. A Chinese imitation of the American reality television singing competition American Idol, the Super Girl Voice Contest is produced by Hunan TV and its subsidiary company EE Media. This highly participatory contest features a panel of judges in the preliminary regional auditions and employs a telecommunication-Based voting system to determine the winner. Its finals are broadcast live in prime time with record-Breaking national viewership. This contest also becomes one of the most heatedly discussed issues in Chinese society in the public sphere of mass media. The author contends that the cultural dynamics in contemporary China is characterized by the mediated negotiation between the dominant, the emergent, and the residual cultures. The dominant state ideology is embodied in the majority of the society and determines Chinese cultural policy and practices. On the other hand, it is being reinterpreted and diluted in the process of economic modernization. The profit-Oriented emergent popular culture deliberately keeps a distance from the dominant ideology, but it still need to comply with the ideology-Dominated regulations. The intellectual discourses are diversified since Chinese intellectuals achieve more economic, political and cultural independence. However, their influences have been undermined due to the political control over Chinese media and the depolitisation of Chinese cultural industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilson Backes.pdf: 3877687 bytes, checksum: 270d88d829c1b60d996e1ca56de8e722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / This research probes experiences lived in the socio-cultural dynamics of the mint plantations in the borough of Mercedes, extreme West of Paraná, since 1960. We analyzed, by the ways of memory, the labor relations, the ways of life, the tensions and the cultural differences constituted around this economic activity which had been practiced through different workers that migrated to that region and worked on there. The study of memories and social trajectories let us to apprehend a past reality that was more complex than the one which was told by the memorial and academy literatures; that defends hegemonic concepts or ideas, which are part of the social life of this region. These trajectories evinced that the occupation of the region didn t has constituted by a planned and consensual form like it was divulged, because the most part of the migrant workers arrived and went out without having a sense of belonging. When different people arrived; by diverse places and times, differences and socio-cultural conflicts became latent, as it was verified in oral telling reported by people who remains in that region. This research sought, then, to study the historical events of the formation of this border space with a recent occupation, probing the formation of your social landscape, which passed by intense and deep changes in that period. In the dynamically of the conflicts, relations and social problems of pertain, memories became primordial to the interpretation of this frontier, where the increasing multiple tensions and instituting deep damages to the nature / Esta pesquisa problematiza experiências vividas nas dinâmicas socioculturais das lavouras de hortelã no município de Mercedes, Extremo-Oeste do Paraná, desde a década de 1960. Buscou-se analisar, pelas trilhas da memória, as relações de trabalho, os viveres, as tensões e estranhamentos culturais constituídos em torno desta atividade econômica, praticada por diferentes trabalhadores que migraram para a região e nela atuaram. O estudo das memórias e trajetórias sociais permitiu apreender uma realidade passada muito mais complexa em relação àquela contata pela literatura memorialista e acadêmica, de fôlego hegemônico, que paira na vida social da região. As trajetórias evidenciaram que a ocupação da região não se constituiu de forma tão planejada e consensual como tanto propalado, uma vez que muitos dos migrantes chegaram e partiram sem portarem um sentido fixo de pertencimento. Com a chegada de diferentes sujeitos, de lugares e tempos diversos, diferenças e conflitos socioculturais tornaram-se latentes, na medida em que expressas em narrativas orais de entrevistados que permaneceram naquela localidade. Esta pesquisa buscou então historicizar a formação deste espaço de fronteira de ocupação recente, problematizando a formação de sua paisagem social, a qual viveu intensas e profundas transformações no período. Na dinamicidade dos conflitos, relações e tramas sociais de pertença, as memórias tornam-se primordiais para a interpretação desta fronteira, onde as plantações de hortelã foram praticadas e, por sua vez, potencializaram tensões múltiplas e instituíram prejuízos profundos no meio ambiente

L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence la nature et l’intensité des interactions culturelles au premier âge du Fer en Provence occidentale entre les communautés indigènes et leurs interlocuteurs méditerranéens. Passé le chapitre introductif, la première partie comporte nos trois dossiers documentaires : l’enclos Saint-Césaire (Arles), le Castelet (Fontvieille) et le sondage MN11 de Saint-Blaise (Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts). Chaque gisement est replacé dans son contexte historiographique et environnemental avant que ne soit réalisée l’étude typo-chronologique du mobilier. Sont ainsi associés le phasage et le faciès céramique dans le but de procéder à nos premières conclusions. La seconde partie élargit le cadre analytique avec des problématiques transversales nous permettant d’envisager l’espace considéré selon différents angles de vue basés sur les dynamiques d’échanges et mettant en évidence les éventuels marqueurs de phénomènes de contact entre ces différentes cultures. La mise en perspective de l’ensemble de ces données permet de réintroduire la notion même d’ « homme » et sa relation à l’Autre lors du premier âge du Fer provençal. / The objective of this thesis is to highlight the nature and intensity of cultural interactions during the first Iron age in Western Provence, between indigenous communities and their Mediterranean interlocutors. Past the introductory chapter, the first part comprises our three documentary records: the enclos Saint-Césaire (Arles), le Castelet (Fontvieille) and the sondage MN11 of Saint-Blaise (Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts). Each deposit is placed in its environmental and historiographical context before the typo-chronological study of the ceramics. Thus the phasing and ceramic facies are associated in the purpose to proceed to our first conclusions. The second part extends the analytical framework with the cross-cutting issues allowing us to consider the space considered according to different points of view based on trade dynamics and highlighting any markers of contact phenomena between these different cultures.The consideration of the data allows us to reintroduce the notion of 'man' and its relationship to the Other during the first age of the Provençal early Iron age.

Language plays an indispensable role in the transmission, maintenance, and formation of culturally shared beliefs. Yet beliefs about groups, in particular, are shared despite the existence of prohibitive norms that act to inhibit their expression. This apparent incongruity suggests that cultural beliefs become shared through linguistic means other than explicit expression. In support of this, the linguistic bias paradigm proposes that linguistic bias is the implicit and unintentional expression of beliefs through the differential use of linguistic abstraction (Franco & Maass, 1996; Maass, 1999; Maass, Salvi, Arcuri, & Semin, 1989), as defined by the Linguistic Category Model (Semin & Fiedler, 1988). According to this paradigm, linguistic bias not only reveals the speakers’ privately held beliefs but also transmits these beliefs to recipients, leading to belief sharedness. The consequences of exposure to linguistic bias, however, have yet to be shown and this is the aim of the present research program. The first study focuses on belief transmission, by determining if there is a direct causal effect from linguistic abstraction to individual impression formation. Results show that biased language transmits information about individuals but the communication context, specifically whom the message is about, is also important. Given this, it is likely that the content of the message will also affect the reception of biased language. The second study thus focuses on belief maintenance, by considering the relative effects of different levels of linguistic abstraction on pre-existing beliefs. Results were inconclusive, but may have been affected by methodological limitations. The third study addresses these limitations while focusing on belief formation, by measuring the impact of biased language in the absence of pre-existing beliefs. Recipients, in general, formed beliefs that corresponded to the biased language to which they were exposed. Together, these studies suggest that linguistic bias plays a role in belief sharedness as a mechanism through which cultural beliefs are transmitted and formed. Linguistic bias, however, must be understood within the specific communication context, which also independently affects reception.

The objective of this multi-perspective qualitative research study was to explore the phenomenon of Inclusivity and to develop a theoretical Inclusivity Framework. Inclusivity is defined by the researcher as a radical transformational methodology with the intent to achieve sustainable results. A case study, in which an Inclusivity Transformational Strategy was implemented, was introduced to provide context. Six years after initial implementation of this strategy, with the purpose to investigate the sustainability thereof, in-depth interviews with a phenomenological nature were conducted with national leaders (n=4) responsible for the strategy and provincial leaders (n=13) that participated in the interventions. Furthermore, a round table discussion was conducted with the executive team (n=12), and three focus groups were held on regional leader level (n=32) and three on employee level (n=28). The essence of the phenomenon namely Inclusivity was synthesised through Phenomenology. Emerging theory was built through Grounded Theory principles. Meta-insights were derived through content analysis. Post Intervention Investigation was done in the case organisation. This strategy and the Inclusivity Framework, derived from literature, were adapted and presented as contributors to the theory of Inclusivity. Positive trends were found in the case organisation, in profitability, retention, compliance to legislation, levels of emotional intelligence of leaders and organisational climate indicators. Six years after the initial stages of the strategy were implemented, evidence of the principles of Inclusivity was still found. It was derived that Inclusivity leads to higher levels of commitment, trust and engagement. Fundamental to the achievement of success were leadership�s emotional intelligence, and willingness to allow differences. A key finding was that although aligned around strategy, individual styles were allowed to manifest in the case organisation. Creating Inclusivity in one system may however lead to the exclusion of other systems. It was concluded that Inclusivity as defined by this study is a radical transformational methodology that may result in sustainable transformation. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L.

The objective of this multi-perspective qualitative research study was to explore the phenomenon of Inclusivity and to develop a theoretical Inclusivity Framework. Inclusivity is defined by the researcher as a radical transformational methodology with the intent to achieve sustainable results. A case study, in which an Inclusivity Transformational Strategy was implemented, was introduced to provide context. Six years after initial implementation of this strategy, with the purpose to investigate the sustainability thereof, in-depth interviews with a phenomenological nature were conducted with national leaders (n=4) responsible for the strategy and provincial leaders (n=13) that participated in the interventions. Furthermore, a round table discussion was conducted with the executive team (n=12), and three focus groups were held on regional leader level (n=32) and three on employee level (n=28). The essence of the phenomenon namely Inclusivity was synthesised through Phenomenology. Emerging theory was built through Grounded Theory principles. Meta-insights were derived through content analysis. Post Intervention Investigation was done in the case organisation. This strategy and the Inclusivity Framework, derived from literature, were adapted and presented as contributors to the theory of Inclusivity. Positive trends were found in the case organisation, in profitability, retention, compliance to legislation, levels of emotional intelligence of leaders and organisational climate indicators. Six years after the initial stages of the strategy were implemented, evidence of the principles of Inclusivity was still found. It was derived that Inclusivity leads to higher levels of commitment, trust and engagement. Fundamental to the achievement of success were leadership�s emotional intelligence, and willingness to allow differences. A key finding was that although aligned around strategy, individual styles were allowed to manifest in the case organisation. Creating Inclusivity in one system may however lead to the exclusion of other systems. It was concluded that Inclusivity as defined by this study is a radical transformational methodology that may result in sustainable transformation. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L.

1958, au Brésil, surgit un genre musical nouveau, la Bossa Nova, qui s'annonce comme une révolution dans le paysage musical traditionnel. Vingt ans plus tard, 1978 est l'année de "l'Ouverture" politique, Chico Buarque, poète musicien qui a dominé la décennie autant à travers ses chansons qu'à travers son attitude de résistance contre la dictature, lance un disque dans lequel il enregistre des musiques jusqu'alors interdites par la censure. Cet événement conclut une période de grande créativité artistique, ponctuée de bouleversements sociaux et culturels, de déclarations d'intentions, de ruptures, de prises de position en rapport avec la vie politique ou culturelle du pays, qui souvent ne fait qu'une. Ces vingt années ont vu apparaître les figures les plus marquantes de la chanson brésilienne du XXe siècle, en même temps que le sigle par lequel la chanson urbaine a reçu ses lettres de noblesse : MPB, initiales de Música Popular Brasileira. S'ancrant dans la tradition tout en s'en défendant, dialoguant avec les influences extérieures qu'elle influence également, se démarquant jusqu'à la rupture des mouvements qui lui étaient les plus proches, cette génération nous apparaît aujourd'hui beaucoup plus unie et limitée dans le temps qu'elle n'en avait conscience. C'est pourquoi le temps est venu, avec le recul historique, de s'interroger avec un regard nouveau sur la production musicale de cette époque, afin d'en définir les caractéristiques qui la soudent et la distinguent à la fois. / In 1958, a new musical genre appears in Brazil: the Bossa nova, which looks like a revolution in the traditional musical landscape. Twenty years later, 1978 is the year of political openness, Chico Buarque, poet musician who dominated the decade through his songs as well as his resistance against the millitary dictatorship, launches an album on which he records some songs that were censored until then. This event puts an end to a period of great artistic creativity, punctuated with social and cultural changes, statements of intents, ruptures, standpoints on the political or cultural life of the country, which often are one. These twenty years witnessed the appearance of the most striking figures of Brazil’s 20th century music scene, and of the acronym whereby the urban song gained respectability: MPB, initials of Música Popular Brasileira. Rooted in tradition though defending itself from it, exchanging with outside influences which it influences as well, distancing itself till the rupture of the movements of which it was the closest, today this generation seems to us much more united and limited in time than it thought it was. That’s why the time has come, with historical perspective, to look at the musical production of that period with fresh eyes, in order to define the characteristics that unite and distinguish it at the same time. / 1958, nasce no Brasil un gênero musical novo, a Bossa Nova, que se anuncia comme uma revolução na paisagem musical. Vinte anos depois, 1978, é o ano da "Abertura" política, Chico Buarque, poeta músico que dominou a década tanto pelas suas canções como pela sua atitude de resistência contra a ditadura, lança um disco no qual ele grava músicas até então proibidas pela censura. Esse acontecimento conclui um período de intensa criatividade artística, acompanhada por grandes mudanças sociais e culturais, declarações de intenções e rupturas, tomadas de posição em relação com a vida política ou cultural do país, que muitas vezes faz uma só. Esses vinte anos viram emergir as figuras mais marcantes da canção brasileira do século XX, concomitantemente à sigla pela qual a canção urbana moderna foi consagrada : MPB, iniciais de Música Popular Brasileira. Ancorando-se na tradição sem reivindicá-lo, dialogando com as influências externas que ela influencia por sua vez, demarcando-se até à ruptura dos movimentos que lhe eram próximos, essa geração nos aparece hoje muito mais unida e circunscrita no tempo do que ela o percebia. Por essa razão, o tempo veio, com o recuo histórico, de questionar com um olhar novo a produção musical daquela época, para definir as características que a unificam e distinguem ao mesmo tempo.