A collection of prose.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo seguido de tradução da tragédia Reso, tradicionalmente atribuída a Eurípides. No estudo, busca-se comparar o tratamento dado na peça ao mito de Reso e ao tema da astúcia (mêtis) com aquele presente em Ilíada X, tomando-se Odisseu como figura central: a partir dele, são abordados, por semelhança e dessemelhança, as demais personagens da peça e a visão de mêtis que cada uma tem ao longo da trama, além da estrutura da tragédia e as relações existentes entre os planos humano e divino. O objetivo principal é mostrar que os dois textos estão bem inseridos nos seus respectivos períodos e ilustram certa transformação no status do conceito estudado. / This research presents a study followed by a translation of Rhesus, a tragedy traditionally attributed to Euripides. In the study, we aim at comparing the treatment the play gives to Rhesuss myth and the theme of cunning intelligence (mêtis) with that presented by Iliad X. Taking Odysseus as the central figure, we make an approach (through similitude and dissimilitude) of the other characters of the play, as well as of the view concerning mêtis that each of them expresses in the action, the structure of the play and the relationship between men and gods. Our main purpose is to show that both texts are well inserted in their respective periods and illustrate some change in the status of the concept of mêtis.

Esta pesquisa investiga, através dos documentos da Inquisição de Zaragoza entre 1497 e 1700 as práticas heréticas dos réus homens qualificados por aquele tribunal como supersticiosos, portanto, praticantes de diversos tipos de magia necromancia, curandeirismo, exorcismo entre outras práticas mágicas. Através de objetos mágicos da necromancia, e dos temas pertencentes diversas de suas práticas mágicas, inclusive com o uso de papéis e textos que lhes dão suporte sobretudo a Clavícula Salomonis e o Livro de São Cipriano a magia masculina é construída sobre um campo específico de ação: o da magia material na qual o benefício individual é o único objetivo a ser alcançado. O diabo é não só um revelador dos conflitos entre o bem e o mal, mas também mostra os discursos dos hereges e as pedagogias da Inquisição e da Igreja. / This research investigates, through documents related to the Inquisition of Zaragoza that took place between 1497 and the 1700, the heretical practice of men held guilty by that Court, which considered them as superstitious. Such men were, therefore, practitioners of diverse types of magic necromancy, cunning practices, exorcism among other magical practices. Through the objects of necromancy, and the themes of many different magic practices, including the use of papers and texts that supported them specially the Clavícula Salomonis and the Book of São Cipriano male magic buildt itself on a specific field of action: the material magic in wich individual benefits are the unique aim to be reached. The devil is not just a revealer of conflicts between good and evil, but also shows the discourses of heretics, and the Inquisition and Church pedagogies.

In this essay I have taken a look at the discourse surrounding the cunning folk of Swedish folklore. By analysing folk legends I have attempted to discover what place the cunning folk held in religious and secular society. Through analysis of the thoughts, beliefs and discourse surrounding what help, harm and use of religious symbols were ascribed to the cunning folk in the material I have come to the conclusion that the cunning folk existed in an ambivalent state within society. They were seen and talked of as both helpful and harmful, and they were placed on the outskirts of the practices of the Christian church. All of this in turn gave them a set a part position, both in a positive and negative sense, in both the religious and secular society alike. Through the theory and method of discourse analyses I will show how the societal discourse surrounding the cunning folk both shaped their place and was shaped by their presence in society.

Esta pesquisa investiga, através dos documentos da Inquisição de Zaragoza entre 1497 e 1700 as práticas heréticas dos réus homens qualificados por aquele tribunal como supersticiosos, portanto, praticantes de diversos tipos de magia necromancia, curandeirismo, exorcismo entre outras práticas mágicas. Através de objetos mágicos da necromancia, e dos temas pertencentes diversas de suas práticas mágicas, inclusive com o uso de papéis e textos que lhes dão suporte sobretudo a Clavícula Salomonis e o Livro de São Cipriano a magia masculina é construída sobre um campo específico de ação: o da magia material na qual o benefício individual é o único objetivo a ser alcançado. O diabo é não só um revelador dos conflitos entre o bem e o mal, mas também mostra os discursos dos hereges e as pedagogias da Inquisição e da Igreja. / This research investigates, through documents related to the Inquisition of Zaragoza that took place between 1497 and the 1700, the heretical practice of men held guilty by that Court, which considered them as superstitious. Such men were, therefore, practitioners of diverse types of magic necromancy, cunning practices, exorcism among other magical practices. Through the objects of necromancy, and the themes of many different magic practices, including the use of papers and texts that supported them specially the Clavícula Salomonis and the Book of São Cipriano male magic buildt itself on a specific field of action: the material magic in wich individual benefits are the unique aim to be reached. The devil is not just a revealer of conflicts between good and evil, but also shows the discourses of heretics, and the Inquisition and Church pedagogies.

This essay explores the issue of organizing mathematics education by means of syllogism. Two aspects turn out to be particularly significant. One is the syllogistic analysis while the other is the cunning of reason. Thus the exploration is directed towards gathering evidence of their existence and showing by examples their usefulness within mathematics education. The syllogistic analysis and the cunning of reason shed also new light on Chevallard's theory of didactic transposition. According to the latter, each piece of mathematical knowledge used inside school is a didactic transposition of some other knowledge produced outside school, but the theory itself does not indicate any way of transposing, and this empty space can be filled with the former. A weak prototype of syllogism considered here is Freudenthal's change of perspective. Some of the major difficulties in mathematics learning are connected with the inability of performing change of perspective. Consequently, to ease the difficulties becomes a significant issue in mathematics teaching. The syllogistic analysis and the cunning of reason developed in this essay are the contributions to the said issue.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo seguido de tradução da tragédia Reso, tradicionalmente atribuída a Eurípides. No estudo, busca-se comparar o tratamento dado na peça ao mito de Reso e ao tema da astúcia (mêtis) com aquele presente em Ilíada X, tomando-se Odisseu como figura central: a partir dele, são abordados, por semelhança e dessemelhança, as demais personagens da peça e a visão de mêtis que cada uma tem ao longo da trama, além da estrutura da tragédia e as relações existentes entre os planos humano e divino. O objetivo principal é mostrar que os dois textos estão bem inseridos nos seus respectivos períodos e ilustram certa transformação no status do conceito estudado. / This research presents a study followed by a translation of Rhesus, a tragedy traditionally attributed to Euripides. In the study, we aim at comparing the treatment the play gives to Rhesuss myth and the theme of cunning intelligence (mêtis) with that presented by Iliad X. Taking Odysseus as the central figure, we make an approach (through similitude and dissimilitude) of the other characters of the play, as well as of the view concerning mêtis that each of them expresses in the action, the structure of the play and the relationship between men and gods. Our main purpose is to show that both texts are well inserted in their respective periods and illustrate some change in the status of the concept of mêtis.

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[pt] Este trabalho pretende analisar, a partir de questões surgidas na prática clínica, a relação entre dois mundos: o mundo particular do indivíduo e o mundo externo a esse indivíduo, representado pelas chamadas sociedades pós-modernas. A idéia de um self perdido é para nós uma imagem representativa do que se passa na contemporaneidade quando as pessoas se esforçam para conseguir ser uma unidade nas gigantescas comunidades. Através de vinhetas clínicas ilustrativas vamos entrelaçar as narrativas pessoais com pontuações advindas da psicanálise e das ciências sociais. Procura-se observar como as sociedades tratam as pessoas e o quanto de senso crítico pode haver por parte destas acerca do mundo em que vivem. Entre tantas possibilidades de ser, uma em especial chama a nossa atenção pela forma astuciosa de pensar e agir. Abordaremos aqui um perfil de pessoas que conseguem transitar pelos excessos que as megalópoles despejam sobre elas utilizando para isso um filtro especial que lhes permite preservar o que possuem de mais precioso: sua autenticidade. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze, in view of matters observed in the clinic, the relationship between two worlds: the world particular to the individual and the world external to that individual, represented by the so-called postmodern societies. The idea of a lost self is for us an image that represents what has been happening nowadays when people attempt to be a unity in our enormous communities. Using illustrative examples from the clinic, we will intertwine contemporary people s narratives with observations from Psychoanalysis and Social Sciences. We want to observe how societies treat their inhabitants and how much critical thinking can people have concerning the world in which they live. Among so many possibilities of being there is one in special that calls our attention because of its cunningness in thinking and acting. We will approach here this profile of people who manage to journey through the excesses the megalopolis pour down on them using a special filter that allows them to preserve what they have of most precious: their authenticity.

The aim of the present thesis is to introduce different types of cunning intelligence in Greek mythology and their role in the broader context of Greek thought. The subject matter is explored using representative mythic figures and situations. The pivotal problem is the relationship between cunning tricks and both cultural and divine order. The first part is concerned with greek expressions connected to cunning tricks and their possible meanings. The subsequent section deals with the forms of cunning as they can be seen in the charecters of Hermes and Odysseus and considers the way in which cunning tricks can be beneficial to order. A comparison with other cunning characters and myths of origins of rituals follow in the final chapter. It concludes with determining in which context a cunning trick is acceptable. In conclusion it is argued that cunning intelligence bears a culturally constitutive function and may even be beneficial in existing order. However, its positive role is manifested maily in the primordial state of the universe when cultural order is not clearly delimited. Cunning intelligence always remains ambivalent and a paradox. Its ambiguity is most apparent in clearly defined and structured cultural order.