Teacher education occupies a position between the school system and higher education. It is expected to both have an impact on the school system and to be influenced by it. Compared to other higher education programs, teacher education has more often been subject to government control and detailed regulation. This thesis deals with the various roles and functions ascribed to teacher education in its complex position within the educational system, and above all its relationship with the school system. The objective of the thesis is to increase knowledge on government policy, with regard to teacher education, and frames within which the policy is developed, that in turn creates the framework for teacher education.    The issues outlined above are processed through two sub-studies. The first sub-study deals with these issues in a general and historical perspective. The second sub-study is focused on a specific content (ICT) in initiatives for teacher education reforms. By analyzing arguments put forward in government policy from a curriculum theory perspective the thesis shows that teacher education throughout the whole review period was considered to mainly benefit and serve the school system. However, the significance attached to this service varies. Generally two trails are highlighted. The first involves the teacher education service of delivering the teachers that the school system requires in order to live up to expectations of today. The other definition of working in the service of the school system is to contribute to a future-oriented development of the current school system. In many cases these perspectives are combined but the trend in the period reviewed in this study is that the first definition, to work in the service of the contemporary school system, has been accorded ever greater prominence.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A HistÃria do currÃculo, como parte integrante da HistÃria da EducaÃÃo, exemplifica os processo de mudanÃa vivenciados pelo currÃculo, mobilizado por artefatos sociais, histÃricos e culturais, articulados com aqueles que frequentam as instituiÃÃes educacionais com vista a uma epistemologia social do conhecimentos e seus determinantes, sociais e polÃticos, sobre o conhecimentos e seus efeitos. Neste contexto, emergiu o interesse em pesquisar sobre o curso de licenciatura em CiÃncias BiolÃgicas da Universidade Regional do Cariri â URCA. Estudar o campo do currÃculo e a formaÃÃo de professores de ciÃncias deste curso e relacionÃ-lo com as questÃes histÃricas (1987 â 2017), polÃticas econÃmicas, sociais e culturais, marcam os desafios da construÃÃo deste trabalho de tese. Assim, tem-se como objetivo geral compreender o processo de constituiÃÃo histÃrica do curso de licenciatura em CiÃncias BiolÃgicas da Universidade Regional do Cariri â URCA, identificando seus determinantes polÃticos, sociais, econÃmicos, culturais, pedagÃgicos e curricular, bem como suas implicaÃÃes na formaÃÃo profissional docente da EducaÃÃo BÃsica. Utilizou-se como metodologia a HistÃria Oral, estruturada na pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analÃtica. O local de realizaÃÃo da pesquisa foi o Curso de licenciatura em CiÃncias BiolÃgicas da Universidade Regional do Cariri â URCA. Participaram da pesquisa cinco professores aposentados que tiveram atuaÃÃo no processo de implantaÃÃo e desenvolvimento do curso. O corpus documental consistiu de fontes orais e fontes documentais e a tÃcnica de coleta dos dados se deu por meio da entrevista de HistÃria Oral gravada e na sistematizaÃÃo das informaÃÃes documentais do diÃrio de campo. Nessa perspectiva, os relatos orais (textualizados) provenientes das entrevistas foram organizados em categorias: Ensino Superior, Catarse, CiÃncia e ReminiscÃncias e nas subcategorias: Ensino Superior do Cariri, HistÃria do CurrÃculo, Poder e Desenvolvimento cientÃfico, tecnolÃgico e formativo, respectivamente. Os dados analisados revelaram que o curso passou por sucessivas modificaÃÃes em seus projetos pedagÃgicos ao mesmo tempo em que explicita contradiÃÃes em sua organizaÃÃo curricular em muito decorrentes dos determinantes polÃticos, econÃmicos, sociais e legais presentes na sociedade. / The history of curriculum, as an integral part of the History of Education, exemplifies the processes of change experienced by the curriculum, mobilized by social, historical and cultural artifacts, articulated with those who attend educational institutions with a view to a social epistemology of knowledge and its determinants, social and political, on knowledge and its effects. In this context, the interest in research on the Biological Sciences course of the Regional University of Cariri - URCA emerges. Studying the field of curriculum and the training of the science teachers in this course and relating it to historical issues (1987-1999), economic, social and cultural policies, mark the challenges of building this thesis. Hence, the general objective is to understand the historical constitution process of the Regional University of Cariri - URCA, identifying its political, social, economic, cultural, pedagogical, didactic and curricular determinants as well as its implications for vocational training Teacher of Basic Education. Oral History was used as methodology, structured in qualitative, descriptive and analytical research. The place of realization of the research is the Biological Sciences Course of the Regional University of Cariri - URCA. Five retired teachers who participated in the course implementation and development process participated in the study. The documentary corpus consisted of oral and documentary sources and the technique of data collection was given through the recorded interview and in the systematization of the documentary information in a field diary. The data were analyzed using NVIVO software version 10.0. In this perspective, oral (textualized) statements from the interviews were organized into categories: Higher Education, Catarsis, Science and Reminiscences and in the subcategories: Higher Education of Cariri, History of Curriculum, Power and Scientific, Technological and Formative Development, respectively. The data analyzed reveal that the course has undergone successive modifications in its pedagogical projects while at the same time it explicitly contradicts its curricular organization, due in large part to the political, economic, social and legal determinants present in society.

abstract: This dissertation historicizes the contemporary notions of student misbehavior through a critical study of 19th-century teacher manuals. Instead of reading the texts of the manuals as a window into the experiences of the past, I consider the manuals as discursive operations that enacted practices and ideals. In drawing upon historiographical and analytical methods inspired by Michel Foucault and Sara Ahmed, I explore how the intersection of student misbehavior with teacher pedagogy and disciplinary procedures enact “modes of subjection” (Foucault, 1995) and “affective orientations” (Ahmed, 2006) in the modernization of teacher pedagogy and schooling. I argue that the archive of manuals demonstrates the entanglement of student subjectivity and affect with modernizing regimes of governmentality and the marketplace. I equally argue that the modes of student misbehavior present in the archive provide avenues and strategies for thinking outside contemporary developmental and clinical framing of misbehavior. It is in rethinking misbehavior outside of contemporary frameworks that this dissertation provides an opportunity to reconsider how the boundaries of schooling and school participation might radically open up toward more diversity, inclusivity, and equity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Learning, Literacies and Technologies 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Audrey Pietrobelli de Souza.pdf: 1770724 bytes, checksum: 318db464b1667a6c6a5ec945dc2b3ad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / The general objective of this thesis is to analyze the trajectory of the Education Psychology area in the Education Course at the State University of Ponta Grossa – UEPG from 1962 to 2012. This period was chosen because the course was implemented in the institution in 1962 and in 2012 the most recent course curricular reform process occurred. More specifically, this research aims at comprehending the conditions that favored changes promoted in the Education Psychology area in the Education Course at UEPG. The study also intends to identify the main theoretical matrices that made up the course curricular structure along the years and explain how the process of insertion and appropriation of the interactionist perspective occurred in the subjects offered. Such perspective refers mainly to the Jean Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology and Lev S. Vigotski’s Cultural- Historical Theory taking into consideration their interfaces with the national scenery of the Education and Education Psychology fields. This investigation was based on the theoretical background of History of School Subjects, discussions put forward by Roger Chartier on the concept of appropriation and the category of field systematized by Pierre Bourdieu. It also gathers a set of written and oral sources to make up the documental corpus. The printed documents are Books of Activity Reports that belong to the Philosophy, Sciences and Language College of Ponta Grossa, UEPG University Brochures, Course Curricular Restructuring Processes and Programs of Academic Subjects which are comprised in the area Class Diaries. The oral sources used are semi-structured interviews, carried out with eleven professors who work and∕or used to work teaching in the Education Psychology area at the institution being investigated. The mediation between the conceptual apparatus and documental data allows this study to defend the thesis that not only did the constitution process of Education Psychology in the Education course at UEPG follow the movement and history of this area of knowledge in the national educational scenery, but was also influenced by the interests, forces and struggles that marked the curricular reform process to which the course was submitted. Also, the history of this area was seen to be intertwined with elements of its professor’s trajectories in the field of Education Psychology, in the teacher education speciality, in Education and in the teaching practice. This leads to the conclusion that the trajectory of Education Psychology in the Education Course at UEPG was marked by three significant periods: the first, between 1962 and 1972 corresponds to the introduction of Education Psychology in the Education Course and highlights the philosophical focus that characterized the area throughout this decade; the second, between 1973 and 1990, reveals a substantial change inside the Education Psychology field, which gains a more psychological approach with a curricular organization marked by technical principles; the third, between 1991 and 2012 emphasizes a cognitivist-cultural focus that began to characterize the Education Psychology area in the Education Course at UEPG. Among its conclusions, the study highlights specially the issue posed to any and all research on the history of certain area or academic subject that is to understand it as the result of a social and historical construction process. / O objetivo geral desta tese consiste em analisar a trajetória da área da Psicologia da Educação no âmbito do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa-UEPG, no período entre 1962 e 2012. Este recorte temporal se justifica porque o ano de 1962 marca a implantação do referido curso na instituição mencionada e 2012 corresponde ao último processo de reforma curricular ao qual o curso foi submetido. Em termos mais específicos, esta pesquisa pretende compreender as condicionantes que concorreram para as mudanças ocorridas no interior da área da Psicologia da Educação no Curso de Pedagogia da UEPG, identificar as principais matrizes teóricas que integralizaram a sua estrutura curricular ao longo dos anos e explicar como se deu o processo de inserção e de apropriação da perspectiva interacionista no ementário das disciplinas dessa área de conhecimento, em especial, da Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget e da Teoria Histórico Cultural de Lev S. Vigotski, sem deixar de considerar suas interfaces com o cenário nacional do campo da Pedagogia e da Psicologia da Educação. Esta investigação apoia-se nos aportes teóricos da História das Disciplinas Escolares, nas discussões efetivadas por Roger Chartier acerca do conceito de apropriação e na categoria de campo sistematizada por Pierre Bourdieu, assim como mobiliza um conjunto de fontes escritas e orais para compor o corpus documental. Os documentos impressos são Livros de Relatórios das Atividades da Faculdade Estadual de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ponta Grossa, Catálogos Universitários da UEPG, Processos de Reestruturação Curricular do curso, Programas das disciplinas que integram a área e Diários de Classe. As fontes orais empregadas são entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com onze professores que atuam e/ou já atuaram como docentes da área da Psicologia da Educação na instituição investigada. A mediação entre o aparato conceitual e os dados documentais permite que esta pesquisa sustente a tese de que o processo de constituição da Psicologia da Educação no Curso de Pedagogia da UEPG acompanhou não somente o movimento e a história da própria área de conhecimento no cenário educacional nacional, como também, foi perpassado pelo conjunto de interesses, forças e disputas que marcaram os processos de reforma curricular aos quais o curso foi submetido, pois a história da área se entrelaça com elementos da of the trajetória de seus docentes, do campo da Psicologia da Educação, da especialidade de formação docente, da Pedagogia e da prática pedagógica. Disso depreende-se que a trajetória da Psicologia da Educação no Curso de Pedagogia da UEPG é demarcada por três períodos expressivos: o primeiro, entre 1962 e 1972, corresponde ao início da Psicologia da Educação no referido curso e evidencia o enfoque filosófico que caracterizou a área durante essa década; o segundo, entre 1973 e 1990, revela uma mudança substancial no interior do campo da Psicologia da Educação, o qual assume um enfoque mais psicológico e tem sua organização curricular demarcada por princípios tecnicistas; o terceiro, entre 1991 e 2012, evidencia o enfoque cognitivista-cultural que passou a caracterizar a área da Psicologia da Educação no Curso de Pedagogia da UEPG. Dentre suas conclusões, a pesquisa confere destaque especial para o imperativo que se impõe frente a todo e qualquer estudo que se propõe a investigar a história de uma determinada área ou disciplina: tomá-la com resultado de um processo de construção social e histórico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEIZE_PONCIANO_DISSERRACAO_3_05_2011.pdf: 799173 bytes, checksum: 606e6b1f383db16f0bddad01e85b7e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / The black population in Brazil from the historical point of view has always been placed on the margins of society. The process of implementation of Law 10639/2003 and other laws make mandatory the teaching of History and Culture african-brazilian and african, as contents to be inserted in all disciplines of the school curriculum, as well as discussions related to education of ethno-racial relationship. This study aims to examine how the story developed and presented in african-brazilian Curriculum Course 6th to 9th grade History of the State of São Paulo, implemented from 2008. Is being performed a qualitative study which will involve documentary analysis of the Curriculum for teaching History from the 6th to 9th grades of elementary school official of the State of Sao Paulo published in 2009 by emphasizing issues: cultural diversity, appreciation, respect and racial prejudice. The analyses revealed that the Curriculum is not the current situation of Afro-Brazilian in our society, its importance in the construction of the Brazilian History and Culture and provides a consistent debate on cultural diversity, prejudice and racism / A população negra no Brasil sob o ponto de vista histórico, sempre foi colocada à margem da sociedade. O processo de implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 e outros dispositivos legais tornam obrigatórios o ensino da História e Cultura afro-brasileira e africana, como conteúdos a serem inseridos em todas as disciplinas do currículo escolar, bem como discussões pertinentes à educação das relações étnico-raciais. Este estudo se propôs a analisar como é desenvolvida e apresentada a História e Cultura afro-brasileira no Currículo do 6º ao 9ª anos de História do Estado de São Paulo, implementado a partir de 2008. A metodologia da pesquisa configurou-se como pesquisa qualitativa, centrada na análise documental do Currículo para ensino de História dos 6º ao 9° anos do ensino fundamental da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo, publicada em 2009, dando ênfase às questões: diversidade cultural, valorização, respeito e preconceito racial. As análises revelaram que o Currículo não remete à atual situação do afro-brasileiro em nossa sociedade, sua importância na construção da História e Cultura brasileiras e, não propicia um debate consistente sobre a diversidade cultural, o preconceito e o racismo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEIZE_PONCIANO_DISSERRACAO_3_05_2011.pdf: 799173 bytes, checksum: 606e6b1f383db16f0bddad01e85b7e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / The black population in Brazil from the historical point of view has always been placed on the margins of society. The process of implementation of Law 10639/2003 and other laws make mandatory the teaching of History and Culture african-brazilian and african, as contents to be inserted in all disciplines of the school curriculum, as well as discussions related to education of ethno-racial relationship. This study aims to examine how the story developed and presented in african-brazilian Curriculum Course 6th to 9th grade History of the State of São Paulo, implemented from 2008. Is being performed a qualitative study which will involve documentary analysis of the Curriculum for teaching History from the 6th to 9th grades of elementary school official of the State of Sao Paulo published in 2009 by emphasizing issues: cultural diversity, appreciation, respect and racial prejudice. The analyses revealed that the Curriculum is not the current situation of Afro-Brazilian in our society, its importance in the construction of the Brazilian History and Culture and provides a consistent debate on cultural diversity, prejudice and racism / A população negra no Brasil sob o ponto de vista histórico, sempre foi colocada à margem da sociedade. O processo de implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 e outros dispositivos legais tornam obrigatórios o ensino da História e Cultura afro-brasileira e africana, como conteúdos a serem inseridos em todas as disciplinas do currículo escolar, bem como discussões pertinentes à educação das relações étnico-raciais. Este estudo se propôs a analisar como é desenvolvida e apresentada a História e Cultura afro-brasileira no Currículo do 6º ao 9ª anos de História do Estado de São Paulo, implementado a partir de 2008. A metodologia da pesquisa configurou-se como pesquisa qualitativa, centrada na análise documental do Currículo para ensino de História dos 6º ao 9° anos do ensino fundamental da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo, publicada em 2009, dando ênfase às questões: diversidade cultural, valorização, respeito e preconceito racial. As análises revelaram que o Currículo não remete à atual situação do afro-brasileiro em nossa sociedade, sua importância na construção da História e Cultura brasileiras e, não propicia um debate consistente sobre a diversidade cultural, o preconceito e o racismo

Lorsque la Colombie s’émancipe de la Couronne d’Espagne en 1819, elle doit consolider son indépendance et faire face à divers obstacles qui s’opposent à l’instauration d’un enseignement scientifique et technique stable. En prenant en compte ce contexte postcolonial et en se concentrant sur le Colegio Militar de Bogota, une école d’ingénieurs civils et militaires, entre 1848 et 1884, ce travail retrace le processus ayant conduit à la mise en place d’un tel enseignement et suit son évolution au cours de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. L’influence du pouvoir s’avère alors constante et fait ressortir des caractéristiques de l’établissement telles que l’enseignement mixte, militaire et civil, la recherche d’utilité ou l’absence de sélection. Par ailleurs l’étude du curriculum du Colegio Militar indique dans quelle mesure la vision institutionnelle influencée par les idéologies des partis transparait dans les enseignements. Elle fait apparaître également la capacité des différents acteurs à modifier à leur niveau ce curriculum et parvient à suivre son histoire dans sa continuité, malgré l’hétérogénéité de ces interventions.L’analyse des notions scientifiques et techniques transmises par ce curriculum, montre également comment, en s’adaptant au contexte, la mise en place d’une diffusion des savoirs s’accompagne d’une production scientifique. Le décentrement du regard qu´implique cette étude, nous invite à aborder la question du transfert de connaissances, en montrant comment l’étude d’une institution éducative permet d’appréhender ces mécanismes dans leur complexité. Ces circulations seront considérées à différentes échelles au niveau local en lien avec la fonction régulatrice de l’établissement dans le champ éducatif, au niveau du continent sud-américain et vers les centres de production scientifiques d’Europe et d’Amérique du Nord. Enfin, ce travail permet d’apporter des éclairages sur la constitution et l’émergence en Colombie d’un groupe professionnel – les ingénieurs civils – étroitement lié à celui des enseignants de sciences. En suivant le parcours des anciens élèves du Colegio Militar, il révèle les stratégies adoptées par ce groupe social pour faire reconnaître à la fois sa profession et sa légitimité à l’exercer. / As Colombia becomes emancipated from the Spanish Crown in 1819, it has to strengthen its independence and is thus faced with a number of obstacles which come in the way of a stable scientific and technical education. By taking into account this postcolonial context and by focusing on the Colegio Militar of Bogota, a school of civil and military engineering between 1848 and 1884, this study describes the process which led to the foundation of such teachings and follows its evolution during the second half of the 19th century. The influence of power proves to be constant at the time and brings out such specificities as its mixed education curriculum, military and civil, its quest for utility or the absence of a selection process. Furthermore, the study of its curriculum reveals how its institutional vision influenced by party ideology shows through the teachings. It also demonstrates the ability of the various players to alter, at their level, this curriculum and manages to establish the continuity of its history despite the heterogeneity of their actions. Similarly, the analysis of the scientific and technical notions conveyed by this curriculum illustrates how, by adapting to the context, the diffusion of knowledge comes with scientific production. The decentralization entailed by our study leads us to consider the issue of transfer of knowledge, by showing how the study of an educational institution allows to tackle these mechanisms in their complexity. These circulations will be considered on different levels, locally with the regulating function of the school in the educational field, within the South American continent and toward the main hubs of scientific production in Europe and North America. Finally, this study sheds some light on the constitution and emergence of a professional group in Colombia namely, civil engineers, which is tightly linked to that of science teachers. By following the trail of former students of the Colegio Militar, we become acquainted with the strategies they adopt to ensure that both their profession and the right to practise it is acknowledged.

Orientador : Maria do Carmo Martins / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T19:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Onghero_AndreLuiz_M.pdf: 2273083 bytes, checksum: 9861939ec95da1142b5ea164fffede97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo : Esta pesquisa tem como objeto a disciplina de Educação Moral e Cívica (EMC) nos currículos escolares e nas práticas dos professores de escolas do Oeste catarinense durante o período de 1969 a 1993. A partir de fontes históricas variadas como leis, decretos e pareceres; livros didáticos e depoimentos de professores, procuro construir um conhecimento histórico que inclui as práticas de EMC nas escolas de uma região com características específicas. A Educação Moral e Cívica esteve presente nos currículos escolares a partir da proclamação da República, em certos períodos, como disciplina escolar e, em outros, como prática educativa. Após a instalação da Ditadura Militar, foi incluída como disciplina escolar obrigatória e prática educativa, permanecendo nos currículos escolares até 1993. Esta pesquisa analisa as prescrições curriculares para a disciplina, a formação de professores e os conteúdos programados. Alguns conteúdos da disciplina foram analisados com base nos livros didáticos, entrevistas e prescrições. Nas entrevistas, os professores narram diferentes práticas, atividades, avaliações e usos para os livros didáticos, demonstrando relativa autonomia em suas aulas / Abstract : The object of this research is the school subject Moral and Civic Education (EMC) in the school curriculum and practices of the teachers from the West of Santa Catarina schools during the 1969 to 1993 period. Starting from different historical fonts as legislation, didactical books, photographs and teacher¿s testimonials, I intent to build an historical knowledge that includes the practices of EMC in the schools from a place with specific characteristics. The moral and civic education was included in the school curriculum after the proclamation of republic, some periods as a school subject and others as an educative practice. After the introduction of the Military Dictatorship, it was implanted as obligatory school subject and educative practice, remaining in the school curriculum until 1993. This research analyses the curricular order to the subject, the teachers formation and the programmated contents. Some contents were analyzed using the didactical books, interviews and curricular orders. In the interviews, the teachers talk about different practices, activities, avaliations and the uses for the didactic books, showing a relative autonomy in their classes / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

Introdução: O Curso Experimental de Medicina (CEM) vigorado de 1968 a 1974 na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), foi uma estrutura curricular de ensino divergente dos padrões da época. O CEM consistia em um modelo integrado de ensino por blocos, sendo considerada uma forma mais atualizada para a formação médica. Essa nova concepção de ensino causou forte oposição entre docentes e apoiadores do curso tradicional. A reunificação dos cursos tradicional e experimental em 1974 neutralizou a nova proposta de ensino, porém, mantiveram-se, até os dias de hoje, reflexos de sua existência. Objetivo: Estudar a constituição do CEM, bem como seus elementos construtores por meio de narrativas dos seus protagonistas, apresentar critérios de comparabilidade com o curso denominado tradicional da FMUSP e verificar junto aos ex-residentes de Anestesiologia do período-vigente, o impacto dos referidos cursos na formação dos mesmos. Metodologia: Foram adotadas duas técnicas para a investigação: o levantamento de documentos institucionais oficiais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com resposta aberta envolvendo docentes e discentes pertencentes ao CEM e ao curso tradicional. Resultados: Onze docentes foram entrevistados, colaboradores de ambos os modelos, 12 ex-discentes do CEM, 12 ex-discentes do curso tradicional e 7 ex-residentes de Anestesiologia, configurados em 3 participantes do curso experimental e 4 do tradicional. O principal aspecto relatado foi a integração entre as disciplinas. Entre os discentes, o enfoque dado aos aspectos do CEM foram a sólida formação teórica em Ciências Básicas e o bom desempenho como médico generalista. Relata-se um revisitar frequente do conteúdo, que facilitava o aprendizado, uma maior aproximação discente-docente, proporcionando segurança na escolha da especialidade, com maior predileção dos alunos pelas especialidades na qual os docentes estavam mais próximos. Para os docentes, as reuniões frequentes com outros professores proporcionavam discussões norteadoras sobre pontos principais a serem abordados em diferentes disciplinas. Os alunos do curso tradicional referenciam-se a este como um modelo que não privilegiava um processo formativo amplo, compartimentando-se o conteúdo de modo a não possibilitar um repertório interativo entre discentes e docentes. Os apontamentos realizados pelos alunos do curso tradicional coincidiram com as reflexões dos ex-residentes em Anestesiologia, que elencaram lacunas no currículo da graduação médica. Conclusão: O CEM determinou grandes mudanças de paradigma quanto ao ensino médico, sendo a formação integrada entre disciplinas e a aproximação entre docente-discente notados como condições distintas e fundamentais entre os currículos / Introduction: The Medical Experimental Course (MEC), which lasted from 1968 to 1974 at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), was a curricular method that diverged from the standard curriculum present at that period. The standard curriculum could be described as classes based on expositive lectures during the years prior to internship, while the MEC consisted of an integrated model of block-based. This new conception of teaching caused strong opposition between teachers and supporters of the traditional course. The reunification of the traditional and experimental courses occurred in 1974 and extinguished the new teaching proposal, but remains of its existence persists today. Objective: To study the formation of the MEC, as well as its constructive elements through narratives of its protagonists, to present comparison criteria between the MEC and the traditional course and to check with the former residents of anesthesiology the impact of the MEC. Methods: Two data analysis techniques were adopted: the collection of official documents and the production of semi-structured interviews with open response involving teachers and students of the MEC and the traditional course. Results: Eleven teachers, collaborators of both models, 12 former students of CEM, 12 former students of the traditional course and 7 former residents of Anesthesiology. The main aspect reported by the MEC students and teachers was the integration between disciplines. Among the students, the focus given to the MEC aspects was the solid theoretical background in Basic Sciences and the good performance as general practitioner. It is also reported that there was constant revisiting of the content, which facilitated the learning and a greater student-teacher approach, providing an easier choice of the specialty. The CEM students also had a greater preference for the specialties in which the teachers were closer. For teachers, frequent meetings with other teachers provided guiding discussions on key points to be addressed in different disciplines. The students of the traditional course refer to this as a model that did not favor a broad formative process, compartmentalizing the content so as not to allow an interactive repertoire between students and teachers. The notes made by the students of the traditional course coincided with the reflections of the former residents in Anesthesiology, which listed gaps in the medical graduation curriculum of FMUSP. Conclusion: The CEM determined great changes regarding medical education, with integrated training between disciplines and the approximation between teacher-student noted as distinct and fundamental conditions between the curricula in present at that time

The overall aim of this dissertation is to explore the connections between rhetoric and civic and moral education. In the Latin schools (trivial schools, cathedral schools, and gymnasiums) in eighteenth-century Sweden, rhetoric still had a prominent position. In examining school rhetoric under the Swedish School Act of 1724, the study takes on rhetoric education in the broad sense, asking questions about teaching design and content, and about which texts were read and written. In addition to this, the dissertation discusses the moral content of the education as well as the function of the texts and exercises of rhetoric education in character and identity formation. The study also demonstrates the practices of rhetoric in schools and gymnasiums. Everyday classroom activities as well as ceremonies and festivities are treated as arenas for the display of erudition, asking questions about eloquence as a possible catalyst for the raising of schoolboys into men and citizens. Drawing from curriculum history, the investigation focuses on the content of the education. The analytical framework regards educational content as multilayered, ranging from conceptual content to content related to school subjects, syllabi and educational programmes, and further to socialisation content. Therefore a number of theoretical and methodological perspectives have to be employed in order to analyse a multitude of sources: from textbooks and records from schools to written curricula. The curriculum history foundation is therefore supplemented by theoretical inspiration from among other things the sociology of education and the sociology of literature, from the history of rhetoric and from gender history. The concept of virtue is given a special role in the construction of civic ideals and masculinities, two important aspects of an erudite identity cultivated in the early modern Latin schools. The dissertation shows that during the long period of time that the Swedish School Act of 1724 was effective – a total of 83 years, until 1807 – school rhetoric changed very little, and the changes that took place did so only slowly. A number of factors explain this rigidity. The same textbook, Elementa rhetorica by Gerardus Johannis Vossius, was used used in Swedish schools throughout the entire period studied. A shortage of textbooks led to older copies being used, and to a manual reproduction of textbooks and educational content.A canon or publica materies of classical, especially Latin, texts connected the branches of the trivium. It also worked as a common resource, read throughout the school: from fables and the short texts of compendia used in the first forms of the trivial schools to the philosophical and literary works used in the gymnasiums. The proximity between school rhetoric and the exemplary classical texts offers a further explanatory factor for the slow changes of 18th century rhetoric education. The rhetoric education in schools and gymnasiums appears as one of the most distinct illustrations of the early modern Swedish school's twofold objective to transmit knowledge and instill virtue. The rhetorical pedagogical programme was not just about the arts and crafts of linguistic ornaments. School rhetoric had an even larger aim, combining knowledge and virtue into the training of an orator. Through the reading of the exemplary texts and the moral lessons taught by them, and through pupils' own co-creation and rhetorical (re)production, a classical, medieval, Renaissance and Reformation legacy was passed on. In this legacy, the aim was virtuous eloquence. The learned world in and around schools and gymnasiums can be considered a premodern or early modern public sphere, filled with rhetorical ceremonials as a display of erudition and scholarly status. At the school level rhetoric was a representative resource that could justify the position of the scholarly community and the clergy, demonstrate the standing of the school and the church site in the city, and distinguish the learned from members of other social groups.