Folkhälsopolitiken skapar förutsättningar för befolkningens hälsa. Folkhälsoinsatserna bör vara politiskt förankrade på nationell, regional och lokal nivå för att förstärka folkhälsan. Hälsopolicytriangeln är ett hjälpmedel för de aktörer som vill skapa eller revidera handlingsplaner som används för att styra och följa upp kommunalt folkhälsoarbete. Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetet med policyformuleringen för Eskilstuna kommuns handlingsplan för folkhälsa ur ett aktörsperspektiv. Studiedesignen var kvalitativ med deduktiv manifest innehållsanalys med stöd av analysverktyget hälsopolicytriangeln. Totalt genomfördes fem intervjuer med politiker, tjänstemän och kommunchefer. I resultatet framkom det att intervjupersonerna beskrev arbetet i policyformuleringen som demokratiskt, att det inte fanns någon hierarki eftersom de strävade mot ett gemensamt mål för folkhälsan. Det framkom även att de ser policyformuleringen som en central och viktig roll i hela policyprocessen för handlingsplanen, eftersom det är där beslut tas angående vad som ska finnas med och vilka folkhälsoinsatser som kommunen ska göra. Handlingsplanen för folkhälsoarbetet speglas av kommunens politiska folkhälsoinriktning, tidigare folkhälsoarbeten och styrdokument. Slutsatserna var att aktörerna beskriver arbetet i policyformuleringen som prestigelöst och demokratiskt för att nå de gemensamt uppsatta målen för folkhälsan i kommunen. Policyformuleringen upplevdes av aktörerna som en central och viktig del i policyprocessen och att lokal folkhälsopolitik tillsammans med tidigare erfarenheter av lokalt folkhälsoarbete samt styrdokument för folkhälsa utgör underliggande faktorer för utformningen av Eskilstuna kommuns handlingsplan. / Public health politics creates opportunities for population health. Public health efforts must be politically supported to be able to enhance public health at national, regional and local level. Health policy triangle is a tool for operators who want to create or revise action plans that are used to control and monitor the municipal public health work. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of policy formulation for Eskilstuna action plan for public health from an actor's perspective. The study design was qualitative with deductive manifest content analysis supplemented by the analysis tool of health policy triangle. A total of five interviews with politicians, officials and municipal managers were conducted. The result shows that the interviewees described the work in policy formulation as democratic, that there was no hierarchy because they strove toward a common goal of public health. It also emerged that they see policy formulation as a central and vital role in the policy process of the action plan. It is where decisions are made and about what should be included and what public health actions that the municipality should do. The action plan for public health greeted appearance mirrored by municipal policy focus on public health, previous public health works and policy documents. The conclusions were that participants describe the work of policy formulation as unpretentious and democratic order to achieve the common goals of public health in the municipality. Policy formulation was perceived by participants as a central and important part of the policy process and that local public health policy, along with previous experience in local public health and regulatory documents for public health serve as underlying factors in the design of Eskilstuna Municipality's action plan.

The master thesis describes in its introduction the deductive and inductive approach to teaching English grammar, compares them, and also lists the pros and cons of each approach. The main content of the theoretical part is the presentation of key concepts and principles of inductive teaching of English grammar. The practical part converts theoretical knowledge to real grammar teaching. Pupils learned how to express past events within four lessons. These sample lessons are examples of good practice of teaching grammar inductively. The reflection of these lessons is provided at the end of this part.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2015-11-03T18:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 42429990 bytes, checksum: 73b94c005d54caae39822d3081337167 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2015-11-03T19:05:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 42429990 bytes, checksum: 73b94c005d54caae39822d3081337167 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T19:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 42429990 bytes, checksum: 73b94c005d54caae39822d3081337167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study the principle of the Deductive and Experimental Geometry trated in the High School. We begin the work with a set of axioms of the Plane Geometry, and we follows the work studing some topics of the Spacial Geometry. To illustrate some definitions and results ao long of the work, some solids are constructed with paperboard, straw and etc. / Neste trabalho estudamos os princípios da geometria dedutiva e experimental tratada no Ensino Fundamental e Médio. Iniciamos o trabalho com um conjunto de axiomas da geometria plana, e seguimos o mesmo estudando alguns tópicos da geometria espacial. A fim de ilustrar algumas definições e resultados discutidos ao longo do trabalho, alguns sólidos são construídos com cartolina, isopor, canudos e etc.

Orientador: Marcelo Esteban Coniglio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T00:21:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sanz_WagnerdeCampos_D.pdf: 2570437 bytes, checksum: 15352759879927665653f4fc165c3703 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é o de propor uma elucidação da negação e do absurdo no âmbito dos sistemas de dedução natural para as lógicas intuicionista e clássica. Nossa investigação pode ser vista como um desenvolvimento de uma proposta apresentada por Russell há mais de cem anos e a qual ele parece ter abandonado posteriormente. Focaremos a atenção, em primeiro lugar, sobre a negação e, depois, como conseqüência das propostas para a negação, sobre a constante de absurdo. Nosso ponto de partida é, na verdade, um problema de natureza conceitual. Questionaremos a correção e a adequação da análise da negação e do absurdo atualmente predominante no meio-ambiente de dedução natural de estilo gentzeniano. O questionamento dessas análises adota como ponto focal o conceito de hipótese. O conceito de hipótese é uma noção central para os sistemas de dedução natural e a nossa proposta de análise desse conceito servirá de esteio para a formulação das propostas elucidatórias para a negação e o absurdo dentro dos sistemas de dedução natural / Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to present an elucidation of negation and absurd for intuitionist and classical logics in the range of natural deduction systems. Our study could be seen as a development of a proposal presented by Russell over a hundred years ago, which he presumably abandoned later on. First, we will focus on negation and then on the absurd constant, as a consequence of the claims we are making for negation. As a matter of fact, our starting point is a problem of a conceptual nature. We will question the correctness and the adequacy of the analysis of negation and absurd, prevailing nowadays in the Gentzen-style natural deduction circle. The concept of hypothesis is the focus point in questioning these analyses. The concept of hypothesis is a central notion for natural deduction systems and the purpose of our analysis of this concept is to support the formulation of elucidative propositions for negation and absurd in natural deduction systems / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

Les dyscalculie se caractérise par d’importantes difficultés d’apprentissage des maths, malgré une scolarisation adéquat et des capacités intellectuelles dans la norme. Même si ce trouble affecte 3 à 7% des enfants d’âge scolaire, ses causes restent encore peu connues. Il a été proposé que la dyscalculie consiste en un déficit spécifique de représentation des quantités numériques, causé par des anomalies cérébrales au niveau du sillon intra-pariétal (IPS). Cependant, de plus en plus d’études suggèrent que la dyscalculie serait dûe à des atteintes cognitives générales. Cette thèse s’est intéressée au lien entre apprentissage des maths et une forme de raisonnement déductif, à savoir le raisonnement transitif (A>B, B>C donc A>C). Dans une première étude en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf), nous avons comparé l’activité cérébrale d’enfants dyscalculiques de 9 à 12 ans à celle d’enfants neurotypiques de même âge pendant l’écoute d’histoires comprenant des problèmes transitifs. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons évalué l’amélioration en maths des enfants neurotypiques 1,5 an après la session IRMf. Nous avons déterminé si les mesures cérébrales associées au raisonnement transitif pouvaient prédire l’amélioration en maths. Nous avons mis en évidence l’implication de l’IPS gauche dans le raisonnement transitif chez les enfants neurotypiques mais pas chez les dyscalculiques, qui étaient moins précis pour évaluer les problèmes transitifs. Par ailleurs, les capacités de mémoire de travail étaient corrélées à la performance et à l’activité de l’IPS lors du raisonnement transitif. Enfin, l’activité cérébrale de l’IPS pendant le traitement des problèmes transitifs prédisait l’amélioration en maths chez les enfants neurotypiques. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance du raisonnement transitif pour l’apprentissage des maths et suggèrent qu’un déficit de traitement des problèmes transitifs dans l’IPS pourrait contribuer à la dyscalculie / Children who struggle to learn math despite normal intelligence and adequate schooling may suffer from dyscalculia. Although this learning disability may affect 3-7% of children worldwide, its causes remain poorly understood. Previous research has suggested that dyscalculia was due to a specific deficit in the processing of numerical magnitude that results from neural anomalies to the Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS). However, a growing body of studies has highlighted the domain-general deficits exhibited by children with dyscalculia. The goal of the present thesis was to investigate the neural relationship between math learning and a type of deductive reasoning, namely transitive reasoning (A>B, B>C, therefore A>C). In a first study, we used functional Magnetic Reasonance Imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity in both typically developing (TD) children and chidren with dyscalculia while they listened to stories that included transitive relations. In a second study, we followed TD children longitudinally and to test whether brain measures of transitive reasoning could predict math improvement. First, the processing of transitive relations was associated with enhanced activity in the left IPS in TD children, but not in children with dyscalculia. Second, children with dyscalculia made more errors when processing transitive relations than TD peers. Third, IPS activity and behavioral performance was correlated with working-memory skill across all participants, suggesting that working memory impairments contribute to impaired transitive reasoning skills. Fourth, math gain in TD children was predicted by brain activity around the IPS during the processing of transitive relations. Therefore, the present findings show that measures of transitive reasoning are associated with math achievement. Our results further suggest that impaired neural processing of transitive relations in the IPS may contribute to math difficulties in dyscalculia

This research compares the grammar in English schoolbooks with the grammar teaching practisedin a Swedish secondary school classroom. It explores the grammar content of two Englishschoolbooks from two different levels, and whether the teacher uses other materials when teachinggrammar: language websites with grammar and vocabulary exercises, and listening, reading andwriting activities, that are different or similar to the ones in the schoolbooks. The study also looks atdifferent grammar teaching methods, Grammar-translation method, Direct method andAudiolingual method, used in the schoolbooks. Throughout the years, different methods have beenused for teaching grammar, which is why it is interesting to see which ones are used here. Thegrammar content of two English schoolbooks and the classroom observations of year eight and yearnine English lessons were analysed and compared in order to find out whether the grammarteaching affects the pupils proficiency level and accuracy in their essays. This investigation isrelevant since language teaching has become more and more focused on communication, whichmeans that accuracy has a tendency of being forgotten, even though fluency and accuracy are bothequally important in order to achieve a communicative competence.

Cette thèse se place dans le contexte de la vérification déductive des programmes et a pour objectif de formaliser un certain nombre de concepts qui sont mis en œuvre dans l'outil de vérification Why3.L'idée générale est d'explorer des solutions qu'une approche à base de systèmes de types peut apporter à la vérification. Nous commençons par nous intéresser à la notion du code fantôme, une technique implantée dans de nombreux outils de vérification modernes, qui consiste à donner à des éléments de la spécification les apparences d'un code opérationnel. L'utilisation correcte du code fantôme requiert maintes précautions puisqu'il ne doit jamais interférer avec le reste du code. Le premier chapitre est consacré à une formalisation du code fantôme, en illustrant comment un système de types avec effets en permet une utilisation à la fois correcte et expressive. Puis nous nous intéressons à la vérification des programmes manipulant des pointeurs. En présence d'aliasing, c'est-à-dire lorsque plusieurs pointeurs manipulés dans un programme dénotent une même case mémoire, la spécification et la vérification deviennent non triviales. Plutôt que de nous diriger vers des approches existantes qui abordent le problème d'aliasing dans toute sa complexité, mais sortent du cadre de la logique de Hoare, nous présentons un système de types avec effets et régions singletons qui permet d'effectuer un contrôle statique des alias avant même de générer les obligations de preuve. Bien que ce système de types nous limite à des pointeurs dont l'identité peut être connue statiquement, notre observation est qu'il convient à une grande majorité des programmes que l'on souhaite vérifier. Enfin, nous abordons les questions liées à la vérification de programmes conçus de façon modulaire. Concrètement, nous nous intéressons à une situation où il existe une barrière d'abstraction entre le code de l'utilisateur et celui des bibliothèques dont il dépend. Cela signifie que les bibliothèques fournissent à l'utilisateur une énumération de fonctions et de structures de données manipulées, sans révéler les détails de leur implémentation. Le code de l'utilisateur ne peut alors exploiter ces données qu'à travers un ensemble de fonctions fournies. Dans une telle situation, la vérification peut elle-même être modulaire. Du côté de l'utilisateur, la vérification ne doit alors s'appuyer que sur des invariants de type et des contrats de fonctions exposés par les bibliothèques. Du côté de ces dernières, la vérification doit garantir que la représentation concrète raffine correctement les entités exposées, c'est-à-dire en préservant les invariants de types et les contrats de fonctions. Dans le troisième chapitre nous explorons comment un système de types permettant le contrôle statique des alias peut être adapté à la vérification modulaire et le raffinement des structures de données. / This thesis is conducted in the framework of deductive software verification.is aims to formalize some concepts that are implemented in the verification tool Why3. The main idea is to explore solutions that a type system based approach can bring to deductive verification. First, we focus our attention on the notion of ghost code, a technique that is used in most of modern verification tools and which consists in giving to some parts of specification the appearance of operational code. Using ghost code correctly requires various precautions since the ghost code must never interfere with the operational code. The first chapter presents a type system with effects illustrating how ghost code can be used in a way which is both correct and expressive. The second chapter addresses some questions related to verification of programs with pointers in the presence of aliasing, i.e. when several pointers handled by a program denote a same memory cell. Rather than moving towards to approaches that address the problem in all its complexity to the costs of abandoning the framework of Hoare logic, we present a type system with effects and singleton regions which resolves a liasing issues by performing a static control of aliases even before the proof obligations are generated. Although our system is limited to pointers whose identity must be known statically, we observe that it fits for most of the code we want to verify. Finally, we focus our attention on a situation where there exists an abstraction barrier between the user's code and the one of the libraries which it depends on. That means that libraries provide the user a set of functions and of data structures, without revealing details of their implementation. When programs are developed in a such modular way, verification must be modular it self. It means that the verification of user's code must take into account only function contracts supplied by libraries while the verification of libraries must ensure that their implementations refine correctly the exposed entities. The third chapter extends the system presented in the previous chapter with these concepts of modularity and data refinement.

Abstract This study deals with the grammar sections in one older and one newer textbook series for Swedish in grades 7–9. The questions for the study are: firstly, the scope of the teaching materials, the content and the number of exercises, and secondly if the content presentation can be classified as deductive or inductive, and if the design of exercises is mainly product or process-oriented. Furthermore the relationship between the goals of the national curriculum and progression in grades 7–9 is investigated. The method chosen for this study is a text analysis. The results show that both textbook series contain similar content for word classes, that the material presentation is predominantly deductive and that most exercises are product-oriented. Differences that can be seen are that the older teaching series contain more pages devoted to word classes and parts of speech and more exercises. Furthermore, the older textbooks series show a clearer progression to the curriculum goals. The conclusions are that the two teaching materials have difficulties to deviate from the focus on grammatical terminology, but also to link grammar to students' own writing.

The purpose of this research is to provide companies with how they can affect customer’s trust through tools found within the three technological factors on mobile applications or websites. A research gap was discovered by the researchers due to the lack of in-depth exploration regarding this topic and took the opportunity to do research within this field. This research undertook a qualitative research approach with a deductive nature, this was done by using a theoretical sample technique with theories on what factors affect customers' trust on mobile applications and websites. When collecting information for this research, 14 unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted online. With the help of the interviews the researchers could gather rich in-depth information to explore the research question. The main theoretical findings of this research are the three personas, Branded Betty, Aesthetical Alexia and Recommended Rob. Each persona is representative of a customer and they are each stimulated by the technological tools differently to trust a mobile application or website.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13222号 / 論医博第2169号 / 新制||医||1033(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 松村 由美, 教授 森田 智視 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM