Η δημιουργία, παρουσίαση και ανταλλαγή της πληροφορίας όπως, επίσης, και η συλλογή, οργάνωση και αποθήκευση των μέσων πληροφορίας είναι εργασίες που επιτελούνται από τον άνθρωπο από τον καιρό της ύπαρξής του. Αυτό που καθιστά το πρόβλημα μεγαλύτερο και δυσκολότερο για την σημερινή κοινωνία της πληροφορίας είναι η διαχείριση της ποσότητας της πληροφορίας σε ψηφιακή μορφή (ψηφιακό περιεχόμενο), η ταχύτητα με την οποία αναπαράγεται και οι τρόποι με τους οποίους παρουσιάζεται, ανταλλάσσεται, οργανώνεται και αποθηκεύεται. Η εδραίωση του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού έχει επηρεάσει δραματικά όλες αυτές τις δραστηριότητες παρέχοντάς μας νέα εργαλεία και μορφές διαχείρισης και διάθεσης ψηφιακού υλικού. Τόσο η δημιουργία ψηφιακού περιεχομένου από έναν συνεχώς αυξανόμενο αριθμό αναλογικών και ψηφιακών πηγών όσο και η ανάγκη αναπαράστασής του σε μια ατέλειωτη λίστα διαφορετικών μορφών και τύπων έχουν μεταβάλλει σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό τους τρόπους της διαχείρισής του. Στις μέρες μας, οργανισμοί με μεγάλο όγκο ψηφιακού υλικού προβάλλουν και διανέμουν το υλικό τους μέσω του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού εμπλουτίζοντας και προεκτείνοντας τις ηλεκτρονικές τους υπηρεσίες και εφαρμογές αξιοποιώντας τα δίκτυα υπολογιστών. Κάτι τέτοιο απαιτεί την ολοκλήρωση εξειδικευμένων πληροφοριακών συστημάτων στην επιχειρησιακή λογική ενός οργανισμού καθώς και την ορθή του χρήση και υποστήριξη από ειδικό προσωπικό. Τα συστήματα αυτά αποτελούν έναν καθοριστικό παράγοντα για τη μελλοντική ανάπτυξη ενός οργανισμού ενώ εγγυώνται και διασφαλίζουν τις οικονομικές του επενδύσεις. Ωστόσο, ο Παγκόσμιος Ιστός αποτελεί ένα ιδιαίτερα εχθρικό περιβάλλον όσον αφορά θέματα ασφάλειας, πλήττοντας άμεσα την εμπορική (ή μη) εκμετάλλευση του διακινούμενου ψηφιακού περιεχομένου. Σε κάθε περίπτωση, οι οργανισμοί οφείλουν να αντιμετωπίσουν όλες εκείνες τις προκλήσεις που προέρχονται από τα ανοιχτά θέματα ασφάλειας του Διαδικτύου ακριβώς επειδή αυτά μπορούν να προκαλέσουν απώλειες μεγάλου όγκου δεδομένων, να οδηγήσουν σε οικονομική καταστροφή ή/και να αμαυρώσουν το κύρος και την αξιοπιστία του οργανισμού προς το ευρύ κοινό. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ενδελεχής παρουσίαση πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων Διαχείρισης Ψηφιακών Αντικειμένων (Digital Asset Management Systems – DAMS). Στο 1ο από τα 2 μέρη της, παρουσιάζουμε την αρχιτεκτονική τέτοιων συστημάτων, τις υποδομές πάνω στις οποίες στηρίζονται και υλοποιούνται, τις υπηρεσίες και εφαρμογές που παρέχουν καθώς και τους τρόπους ολοκλήρωσής τους με άλλα πληροφοριακά συστήματα καθώς και με το Διαδίκτυο. Στο 2ο μέρος περιγράφουμε το λεπτομερή σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση ενός ανθεκτικού αρχιτεκτονικού μοντέλου ασφάλειας για Internet-based DAMS. Αναπτύσσουμε τις βασικές λειτουργικές προδιαγραφές και απαιτήσεις ασφάλειας με βάση τις οποίες κάναμε το σχεδιασμό. Επιπλέον, περιγράφουμε όλες εκείνες τις κρυπτογραφικές αρχές και τεχνολογίες που χρησιμοποιούμε για να πετύχουμε ασφάλεια στα διαχειριζόμενα δεδομένα και ασφαλή αλληλεπίδραση χρηστών με το μοντέλο μας σε διαδικτυακά συνεργατικά περιβάλλοντα. Τέλος, παρέχουμε μια υλοποίηση ενός πρωτοτύπου για Internet-based DAMS το οποίο στηρίζεται πάνω στο αρχιτεκτονικό μας μοντέλο και αναλύουμε όλα τα τεχνικά ζητήματα που ανακύπτουν. / Information creation, presentation and exchange, but also the collection, organization and storage of information carriers, is an old craft. What makes the problem different in today's information society is the amount of information in digital form (digital content) that has to be handled, the speed at which it is produced and the ways that it is presented, exchanged, organized and stored. The advent of the World Wide Web has tremendously affected all these activities, giving us new tools and ways for harnessing digital material. Its creation from an ever-increasing number of analog and digital sources and the need for representing it into an endless list of different types and formats influences dramatically the ways of its management. Nowadays, rich-media organizations tend to exhibit and distribute their material over Internet by extending their electronic services and applications into computer networks. This task requires specialized information systems and also skilled staff to use, maintain and integrate them into the organization's business logic. Adoption of such systems is a critical factor for future economic growth and return on investment (ROI). However, Internet increases the vulnerability of digital content commercial (or not) exploitation since it is a possibly hostile environment. In any case, organizations have to deal with all the open security challenges that can cause huge data and financial losses, harm their reputation and strictly affect people's trust on them. In the present work we describe the design and implementation of a secure and robust architectural model for digital asset management. Usage and exploitation of the World Wide Web is a critical requirement for a series of administrative tasks such as collecting, managing and distributing valuable assets. Our model addresses a list of fundamental operational and security requirements. It utilizes a number of cryptographic primitives and techniques that provide data safety and secure user interaction on especially demanding on-line collaboration environments. We provide a reference implementation of our architectural model and discuss the technical issues. It is designed as a standalone solution but it can be flexibly adapted in broader management infrastructures as well as existing DAMS platforms.

Purpose - This study addresses the gap concerning the barriers of integrating actors and digital assets into digital platforms (DPs) within an existing business ecosystem. To achieve this, the following two research questions: What are the barriers when integrating business ecosystem actors into a DP? and What are the barriers when integrating digital assets into a DP? are answered.  Method - A qualitative single case study was conducted on a Swedish goods transport ecosystem (GTE) where informants of 12 different firms were interviewed. This was followed by a thematic analysis, utilizing the data obtained from 15 semi-structured interviews that engaged various actors within the GTE. The actors either possessed firsthand experience in successfully integrating a DP or expressed an interest in such integration. Findings - The analysis resulted in 14 different issues categorized within 6 barriers in the 2 main areas based on RQ1 and RQ2. The identified barriers included Competition and Conflicts of Interest, Organizational and operational differences, Regulation, Integrity, and Compliance, Need of digital infrastructure, Data transparency and Data sharing and Data Standardization and Data quality. Despite the clear need for standardized data, there is a lack of incentives for investment in this. Additionally, the fear of losing data integrity outweighs the benefits of increased data availability between the actors of the GTE.  Implications - This study adds to existing literature by identifying the barriers to integrating actors and digital assets into DPs within a business ecosystem. It maps out these barriers as perceived by business ecosystem actors during the integration process. The study also offers 3 focus areas for managers to utilize in the integration process, providing insights to overcome barriers and improve actor and digital asset integration. Limitations and future research - The case study investigated a logistical ecosystem in Sweden, highlighting the need for future research to explore other business ecosystem settings. Further investigation is required into the focus areas identified in this study and their implications for barrier mitigation. / Syfte - Denna studie behandlar gapet gällande hinder för att integrera aktörer och digitala tillgångar i digitala plattformar (DP) inom ett befintligt affärsekosystem. För att uppnå detta besvaras följande två forskningsfrågor: Vilka är hindren vid integration av aktörer i ett affärsekosystem i en DP? och Vilka är hindren vid integration av digitala tillgångar i en DP? Metod - En kvalitativ fallstudie genomfördes på ett svenskt godstransportekosystem (GTE) där informanter från 12 olika företag intervjuades. Detta följdes av en tematisk analys, som använde data från 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer som engagerade olika aktörer inom GTE. Aktörerna hade antingen direkt erfarenhet av att framgångsrikt integrera en DP eller uttryckte intresse för sådan integration. Resultat - Analysen resulterade i 14 olika problem kategoriserade inom 6 hinder i de 2 huvudområdena baserade på RQ1 och RQ2. De identifierade hindren inkluderade Konkurrens och intressekonflikter, Organisatoriska och operativa skillnader, Regelverk, Integritet och efterlevnad, Behov av digital infrastruktur, Datatransparens och Datadelning samt Datastandardisering och Datakvalitet. Trots det tydliga behovet av standardiserade data saknas incitament för investering i detta. Dessutom överväger rädslan för att förlora dataintegritet fördelarna med ökad data tillgänglighet mellan aktörerna i GTE. Implikationer - Denna studie bidrar till befintlig litteratur genom att identifiera hindren för att integrera aktörer och digitala tillgångar i DP inom ett affärsekosystem. Den kartlägger dessa hinder så som de uppfattas av affärsekosystemets aktörer under integrationsprocessen. Studien erbjuder också 3 fokusområden för ledare att använda i integrationsprocessen, vilket ger insikter för att övervinna hinder och förbättra aktörs- och digital tillgångsintegration. Begränsningar och framtida forskning - Fallstudien undersökte ett logistiskt ekosystem i Sverige, vilket påvisar behovet av framtida forskning för att utforska andra affärsekosystem. Vidare forskning behövs kring de fokusområden som identifierats i denna studie och deras implikationer för att mildra de funna hindren.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4484678 bytes, checksum: 07ef67519a9b72fcf80724948f89a605 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The increased production of digital assets in enterprise environments makes digital asset management an increasingly complex task, since we must make use of well-defined metadata, so that you can easily find and use assets from different repositories. However, obtaining a standardized model that cover the peculiarities of all involved, is usually a highly complex task due to heterogeneity between the models. In addition, is considered the fact that existing solutions specialize in solving part of the problem, leaving a gap in the other phases of the integration process. Thus, for the development of this dissertation was proposed, implemented and evaluated a service framework for metadata interoperability that aims to encompass most of the workflow of digital asset management integration process. This framework aims to bring together and complement existing solutions, providing support to semi-automatic identification of correlations between elements of metadata models and a component-based architecture responsible for the dynamic generation of meta-models, which in turn will aggregate the result of the correlation analysis and serve as a unified language, enabling interoperability between digital assets repositories, regardless the metadata standard used by each one. Lastly, the work validation was conducted by performing an experiment using a proof of concept applied to a scenario involving heterogeneous models of digital asset management real systems. The objective of experiment was perform an assessment of quality of the automatically mapping obtained. The result was accuracy up to 98% within the universe of elements that had at least an correlation suggestion, which occurred in 66% of the elements of the models. / O crescimento da produção de ativos digitais dentro de ambientes corporativos torna o gerenciamento de ativos digitais uma tarefa cada vez mais complexa, visto que é preciso fazer uso de metadados bem definidos, de maneira que seja possível localizar e utilizar facilmente ativos provenientes de diferentes repositórios. Entretanto, obter um modelo padronizado, que atenda às peculiaridades de todos os envolvidos, é normalmente uma tarefa altamente complexa, devido às heterogeneidades existentes entre os modelos. Adiciona-se ainda o fato de que as soluções existentes se especializam em resolver uma parte do problema, deixando uma lacuna nas demais fases do processo de integração. Sendo assim, para o desenvolvimento dessa dissertação, foi proposto, implementado e avaliado um framework de serviços que visa contemplar a maior parte do fluxo de trabalho do processo de integração entre sistemas de gerenciamento de ativos digitais. Esse framework visa reunir e complementar soluções já existentes, disponibilizando os recursos necessários para apoiar a identificação das correlações entre elementos dos modelos de metadados e fornecendo uma arquitetura baseada em componentes responsáveis pela geração dinâmica de meta-modelos, que por sua vez irão agregar o resultado da análise das correlações e servirão como uma linguagem unificada, possibilitando a interoperabilidade entre os repositórios de ativos digitais, independentemente do padrão de metadados utilizado por cada um. A validação do trabalho foi realizada através da execução de um experimento utilizando uma prova de conceito aplicada a um cenário envolvendo modelos heterogêneos de sistemas de gerenciamento de ativos digitais reais. O objetivo do experimento foi realizar uma avaliação da qualidade do mapeamento fornecido automaticamente. Como resultado foi obtido um índice de acerto de até 98% dentro do universo dos elementos que obtiveram ao menos uma sugestão de correlação, o que ocorreu para 66% dos elementos dos modelos.

This dissertation assesses the Swedish and the United Kingdom (UK) legislative frameworks for cross-border copyright clearance of orphan works in mass-digitisation schemes. By reviewing relevant copyright frameworks and practices around the world, interviewing Swedish and British experts in the field of libraries and copyright, and discussing the national solutions applied in Sweden and the UK, conclusions are drawn to form a roadmap for future policy work in the area. The findings are that even though copyright clearance systems for orphan works work well in their national context, they wouldn’t be transferable to a cross-border context due to the different legal and societal traditions in the EU Member States. Solutions for cross-border access could be a general copyright law exception (which is a time-consuming process and therefore less usable in practice in the next 5-10 years), create and build on rightsholder registers with increased collaboration with CMOs, changed management of digital collections (e.g. only digitising orphan works that are in the public domain), or work towards soft legislative solutions (such as an MoU). / <p>Licens: CC BY 4.0</p>

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Just like the rest of society, the use of digital technology has throughout the years become a more crucial part for train companies to improve performance, meet customer demands, improve operation and maintenance processes to increase efficiency and reliability. These solutions have through time developed to become part of a cluster named Digital Asset Management (DAM). A highly relevant segment of DAM is the maintenance and diagnostic segment (M&amp;D) involving solutions such as diagnostic systems, and predictive maintenance. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate what the market of M&amp;D looks like in Sweden given its complex market structure with approximately 40 private train owners. A multi-case study was conducted in which data was collected through eight semi-structured interviews with employees from different key companies in the Swedish railway industry. Based on the interviews, there are several challenges within the digitalization process in the maintenance and diagnostic segment of DAM. These are related to the following: data availability, data analysis and modelling, investments in knowledge and skills, ecosystem perspective and lastly, maintenance optimization. The role of legislation and its impact on the digitalization was studied. The transition to working with a full condition-based strategy is difficult due to the existing challenges. Instead, it is deemed optimal to implement a hybrid strategy consisting both of conventional/time-based maintenance and condition-based maintenance for applicable components given the current state of the industry. / Precis som resten av samhället har användningen av digital teknik under åren blivit en allt viktigare del för tågföretag för att förbättra prestanda, möta kundkrav, förbättra drifts- och underhållsprocesser för att öka effektivitet och tillförlitlighet. Dessa lösningar har med tiden utvecklats och blivit en del av ett kluster som kallas för Digital Asset Management (DAM) eller på svenska, digital tillgångsförvaltning. En central del av DAM är segmentet för underhåll och diagnostik (M&amp;D) som involverar lösningar som diagnostiksystem och prediktivt underhåll. Syftet var att undersöka hur marknaden för M&amp;D ser ut i Sverige med tanke på Sveriges komplexa marknadsstruktur. Data samlades in genom en flerfallstudie från åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda från olika nyckelföretag inom den svenska järnvägsbranschen. Baserat på intervjuerna att det finns flera utmaningar inom digitaliseringsprocessen inom segmentet för underhåll och diagnostik inom DAM. Utmaningarna är relaterade till följande områden: tillgänglighet av data, dataanalys och modellering, investeringar i kunskap och kompetens, ekosystemperspektiv och slutligen, optimering av underhåll. Lagstiftningens roll visade sig spela en viktig roll. Det konstaterades att övergången till att arbeta med en helt konditionsbaserad strategi är komplext. Med hänsyn till branschens nuvarande tillstånd är det i stället optimalt att implementera en ”hybridstrategi” som består av både konventionellt/tidsbaserat underhåll och konditionsbaserat underhåll för tillämpliga komponenter.

Background: Non-fungible token (NFT) trade has grown drastically over recent years. While scholarship on the technical aspects and potential applications of NFTs has been steadily increasing, less attention has been directed to the human perception of or attitudes toward this new type of digital asset; in particular, about potential concerns that users may have around the use of NFTs.  Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate what concerns, if any, are expressed in relation to non-fungible tokens by those who engage with NFTs on social media platform Twitter, with special attention to possible concerns about crime, using NFT marketplaces, and market dynamics.  Methods: This research offers a mixed methods, largely qualitative, study. The method of data gathering is online non-participant observation of NFT-related posts and conversations on the social media platform Twitter. The methods of data analysis are topic modelling and thematic analysis, with additional attention to visual analysis of images and animated or video material associated with posts. Two datasets (with 18,373 and 36,354 individual tweet records respectively) were obtained for quantitative analysis; two smaller-scale datasets (both ca. 1000 records, with supplementary conversation details and visual material) were obtained for qualitative analysis.  Conclusion: This study proposes an interpretation of NFTs as functioning as ‘happy objects’ in NFT conversations on Twitter, wherein NFTs are represented as digital objects that hold a ‘promise’ of the happiness or fulfilment associated with financial gain. Concerns around NFTs as expressed on Twitter fall into broadly three categories: (1) concerns relating to not being to able to engage in, or being locked out of the possibility of, NFT trade; (2) concerns about the conditions, security and safety of engaging in NFT trade; and (3) concerns about whether any of the anticipated (financial) rewards or gains from engaging in NFTs will actually be obtained. Hence, many of the concerns that come up within NFT conversations on Twitter relate to conditions that may stand in the way of these happy object in fact bringing about their desired result. Overall, this study offers a better understanding of the expressions of attitudes of concern, uncertainty and possible experience of barriers associated with NFT trading. These findings contribute to theoretical insight, and can moreover function as a basis for developing practical (design or policy) interventions.

Diese Dissertation hat zum Ziel, digitale Vermögenswerte statistisch zu durchleuchten und damit einen Beitrag zur Integration digitaler Vermögenswerte in die digitale Gesellschaft zu leisten. Die Kapitel dieser Arbeit lassen sich unter den Schlagworten Abbildung und Analyse der Marktdynamiken von digitalen Vermögenswerten, sowie Investitionen in digitale Vermögenswerte zusammenfassen. Das erste Kapitel, Abbildung der Marktdynamiken digitaler Vermögenswerte, evaluiert die derzeit existierenden Indizes für Kryptowährungen (KWen) sowohl qualitativ als auch quantitativ. Als Grundlage für die Analyse des KW-Sektors ist zunächst eine geeignete Abbildung von dessen Marktdynamiken nötig. Die schnelle Entwicklung des KW-Sektors, seine hohe Volatilität und das häufige Aufkommen und Verschwinden von KWen stellen die Emittenten von KW-Indizes vor Herausforderungen. Jeder Index geht mit diesen Herausforderungen anders um und so unterscheiden sich die methodischen Ansätze der Indizes ebenso wie ihre statistischen Eigenschaften. Das zweite Kapitel, Analyse der Marktdynamiken von digitalen Vermögenswerten, untersucht die Dynamiken des KW-Sektors. Damit sich der KW-Sektor etablieren und in die Finanzwelt integriert werden kann, müssen zunächst die zugrunde liegenden Dynamiken verstanden werden. Wir modellieren die nicht-stationären Renditen und deren Volatilität durch zwei stochastische Differentialgleichungen und schätzen deren Parameter auf Bayes’sche Weise. Dabei identifizieren wir verschiedene Muster des KW-Sektors in Bezug auf Renditen, Volatilität und Sprünge. Im dritten Kapitel, Investitionen in digitale Vermögenswerte, konstruieren wir einen ETF auf den CRIX (vgl. Trimborn and Härdle, 2018), einen Index für den KW-Sektor. Dabei beleuchten wir die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen, identifizieren potentielle Risiken und schätzen die Kostenstruktur eines solchen KW-ETFs ab. Damit ebnen wir den Weg für die Implementierung dieses neuartigen Finanzprodukts. / This dissertation aims to shed light on the new asset class „digital assets“ from a statistical perspective and thus contributes to the integration of digital assets into the digital society. The chapters of this thesis can be summarized by the keywords tracking, understanding, and investing in digital assets. The first chapter, tracking digital assets, evaluates the currently existing cryptocurrency (CC) indices both qualitatively and quantitatively. As a basis for the analysis of the CC sector, it is first necessary to find an appropriate mapping of the market dynamics. The rapid development of the CC sector, its high volatility and the frequent emergence and disappearance of CCs pose challenges for the issuers of CC indices. Each index deals with these challenges differently, and so the methodological approaches of the indices differ, as do their statistical properties. The second chapter, understanding digital assets, examines the dynamics of the CC sector. For the CC sector to become established and integrated, the underlying dynamics must first be understood. Therefore, we model the non-stationary returns and volatility by two stochastic differential equations and estimate their parameters in a Bayesian manner. Thereby, we identify several patterns on the dynamics of the CC sector with respect to returns, volatility and jumps. The third chapter, investing in digital assets, aims to pave the way for the integration of digital assets into the financial sector. As investments in digital assets remain risky due to high volatility and frequent disappearance of CCs, ETFs are a suitable tool to invest in this sector. We construct an ETF on the CRIX (cf. Trimborn and Härdle, 2018), an index for the CC sector. In doing so, we reveal the underlying mechanisms, risks and costs of such a new financial product and pave the way for its implementation.

This thesis is focused on digital image postproduction -- specific field, which is responsible for digital creation and manipulation with image data of a feature film or a commercial. To achieve that, it uses large amount of human resources and the newest computer technology. The aim of this thesis was to review actual situation in film production from the informatics point of view. That comprises of explanation of field specifics, identification of information system in a typical postproduction house and finding ways how to effeciently manage postproduction projects through that. Thesis is designed as a complex practical guide, which is well understandable both to inexperienced people and proffesionals and delivers them useful information. It can be used by existing employees of a postproduction house (primarily managers and heads), freelancers or prospective future employees. This thesis highlights importanant aspects of postproduction, connected risks and helps people's to better orientate in this field. Outputs are numerous table summaries, recommendations, tips and hints and examples of possible solutions of actual postproduction problems. They are based on many internet sources and my own previous experience as a 3d graphic.