Vários trabalhos relacionados ao tema produção de água estão sendo realizados, tendo em comum a associação da cobertura florestal com o escoamento em bacias hidrográficas. Entretanto, não existem estudos onde foram verificados os locais onde esta cobertura tem efeito ótimo, pois, este é dependente das condições edafoclimáticas de cada bacia. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as alterações na produção de água ocasionadas pela posição das áreas com cobertura florestal em relação às de solos rasos em uma bacia hidrográfica. Os estudos foram realizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão dos Marins em Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, por meio da modelagem hidrológica utilizando o modelo distribuído GSSHA. Para a calibração foram utilizados dados meteorológicos, fluviométricos e pluviométricos dos anos de 1999 e 2000, além da obtenção, em laboratório, da condutividade hidráulica e da curva de retenção dos solos da bacia. Foram realizadas sondagens SPT e testes de infiltração de água no solo para determinar a espessura dos solos na bacia e a condutividade hidráulica da zona saturada (lençol freático) desta. A espessura dos solos foi representada por um modelo numérico, elaborado a partir das espessuras medidas e da utilização do modelo HAND. A profundidade do lençol freático foi representada por outro modelo numérico, elaborado a partir da espessura do solo e da profundidade deste lençol medida em campo. Uma nova metodologia que, a partir do coeficiente CN, estima o coeficiente de rugosidade de Manning foi utilizada, apresentando resultados satisfatórios. Nos processos de calibração e validação o modelo apresentou coeficientes de índices de correlação adequados. Foram feitas simulações hidrológicas para 15 anos em três cenários de uso e ocupação do solo, que foram elaborados de modo a comparar uma mesma área de cobertura florestal em diferentes posições da bacia, em função da presença de solos rasos nas proximidades dos cursos d\'água. Foram analisados, entre os cenários para todo o período simulado: o escoamento total e o de base; parâmetros dos hidrogramas (em eventos selecionados da série histórica); posição do lençol freático; umidade do solo; e, curva de permanência. Os resultados permitiram concluir que na área de estudo não há influência da posição da cobertura florestal em relação aos solos rasos para a produção de água. Devido à existência de poucos trabalhos a campo e, também, de modelagem que abordem o efeito da localização da cobertura florestal na produção de água, incentiva-se a realização de novas pesquisas, necessárias, entre outras razões, para a determinação dos locais prioritários a reflorestar ou manter florestado em programas de conservação ambiental. / Several works related to the theme of water production are being made, having in common the association of forest cover with runoff in watersheds. However, no studies were found where the places where this land cover has optimum effect, because it is dependent on climatic and physiographic conditions of each watershed. The objective of this study is to evaluate changes in water yield caused by the spatial distribution of forest cover in relation to the shallow soils in a watershed. The studies were conducted in the watershed \"Ribeirão dos Marins\" in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, through the hydrologic modeling using the distributed model GSSHA. For calibration were used data of meteorological, rainfall and stream flow to the years 1999 and 2000, in addition of the hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention curve obtained in laboratory. SPT tests and water infiltration tests were conducted to determine the thickness of the soils and hydraulic conductivity of the saturated zone (water table) in the watershed. The thickness of the soil was represented by a numerical model, based on those thicknesses measures and the model HAND. The depth of the water table was represented by another numerical model, drawn from the soil thickness and depth of field measured. A new methodology that estimates the Manning coefficient from the CN coefficient was used with satisfactory results. In the processes of calibration and validation of the model, the coefficients showed adequate correlation indexes. Hydrological simulations were made for 15 years in three land cover and land use scenarios, which have been prepared in order to compare the same area of forest cover in different positions of the basin, due to the presence of shallow soils near watercourses. Were analyzed, among the scenarios simulated for the entire period: total flow and baseflow; parameters of hydrographs (in selected events of the series); position of the water table, available water content; and flow duration curves. The results showed that in the study area there is no influence of the position of forest cover in relation to shallow soils to the water yield. Because there are few studies that address the effect of the location of forest cover in water yield is encouraged to conduct further research, among other reasons, for the determination of the priority sites to the reforestation in environmental conservation programs.

Estudo de abordagem metodológica para avaliação de um instrumento de medida de carga de trabalho foi realizado na Unidade Neonatal e na UTIN (Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal) do Hospital Universitário da USP (HU-USP), no período de 06 de novembro de 2006 a 06 de dezembro de 2006. Teve como objetivo avaliar o resultado da aplicação do NAS, como instrumento de medida da carga de trabalho de enfermagem em neonatologia. Reviu-se a literatura sobre os instrumentos de medida de gravidade e carga de trabalho em UTI Pediátrica e Neonatal para que se iniciasse o processo de diferenciação dos processos assistenciais básicos nas unidades infantis. A amostra foi composta por 48 RN avaliados na Unidade Neonatal e 11 na UTIN e que permaneceram internados por um período mínimo de 24 horas. O NAS foi aplicado 301 vezes na Unidade Neonatal e 106 vezes na UTIN. Foi elaborado um tutorial para a melhor interpretação das atividades do NAS que facilitou a compreensão do instrumento, na área neonatal. Comparando as amostras segundo variáveis demográficas e clínicas, entre as unidades estudadas, observou-se que as únicas estatisticamente significativas foram peso ao nascer e tempo de permanência na unidade. A pontuação do NAS médio para a Unidade Neonatal foi de 66,9 pontos. Em média, 67% do tempo de um profissional de enfermagem é dedicado ao cuidado dos RN enquanto permanecem na Unidade. Ainda em relação ao tempo de cuidado, considerando que cada ponto NAS equivale a 14,4 min, foi identificada no estudo uma média de 16h 04 min de assistência por RN/24h. O valor médio para a equipe de enfermagem calculada pela pontuação do NAS obtido da amostra do estudo foi de 26,7 profissionais. Em média, a equipe disponível em serviço foi de 20,7 profissionais. O número médio de profissionais requerido, segundo o NAS foi 29% mais elevado do que no quadro de profissionais de enfermagem disponível para a Unidade Neonatal. Isso indica que nessa unidade deve haver sobrecarga de trabalho. A pontuação do NAS médio para a UTIN foi de 91,1 pontos. Em média, 90% do tempo de um profissional de enfermagem é dedicado ao cuidado dos RN enquanto permanecem na UTIN. Quanto ao tempo de cuidado, foi identificada uma média de 21h 54 min de assistência por RN/24h. O valor médio para a equipe de enfermagem calculada pela pontuação do NAS obtido da amostra do estudo foi de 12,8 profissionais. Em média, a equipe disponível em serviço foi de 12 profissionais. Essa diferença é menor que 1,7% e faz com que os valores sejam significativamente semelhantes e indiquem que não havia sobrecarga de serviço na UTIN. Os resultados da aplicação do NAS permitem identificar o perfil de cuidados de enfermagem na assistência semi-intensiva e intensiva aos recém nascidos. / Study of methodological approach of an instrument of workload measuring evaluation was done in the Neonatal Unit and the NICU (Neonatal Unit of Intensive Care) of the University Hospital of USP (HU-USP), in the period of 06 of November of 2006 to 06 of December of 2006. It had as objective to evaluate the application of the NAS (Nursing Activity Score) result as an instrument to measure the nursing workload in neonatology area. It was reviewed the available literature related to the gravity and to the workload measuring instruments in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and NICU, so then it was initiated the basic process differentiation of the assistant processes in the infantile units. The sample was composed by 48 neonates and evaluated in the Neonate Unit and 11 in NICU’s that had remained interned for a minimum period of 24-hour. The NAS instrument was applied 301 times in the Neonate Unit and 106 times in the NICU. A tutorial route was elaborated for better NAS activities interpretation and that has facilitated the instrument understanding, in the neonate area. Comparing the samples in according to demographic and clinical variables among the studied units, it was observed that only the statistical significant ones had been the weight at birth and length of stay in the unit. The punctuation of the medium NAS for the Neonatal Unit was of 66,9 points. On average, 67% of the time of a nursing professional is dedicated to the newborn (NB) care while they remain in the Unit. Even though in relation to the care time, considering that each NAS point is equivalent to 14,4 min, it was identified in the study the a average of 16h 04 min of assistance for NB/24h. The average value for the team of nursing calculated for the NAS punctuation gotten from the study sample of 26,7 professionals. On average, the available team in service was of 20,7 professionals. The average number of professionals required, in according to NAS was raised 29% more than what was available in the professionals total of available nursing in the Neonatal Unit. This indicates that in this unit it must have overload work. The punctuation of the average NAS for the NICU was 91,1 points. On average, 90% of a nursing professional time is dedicated to the NB care while they remain in the NICU. Related to the time of care, it was identified that the assistance average time as 21h 54 min by NB/24h. The average value for nursing team calculated by the NAS punctuation gotten from the study sample was of 12,8 professionals. On average, the available team in service was of 12 professionals. This difference is less than 1.7% and makes the values significantly similar and indicates that did not have overload of service in the NICU. The results of the application of the NAS allow identifying the care profile of nursing in the semi-intensive and intensive assistance to the newborn.

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-22T18:48:40Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Cristiane de Jesus da Cunha Luna_Dissertação (1).pdf: 4126188 bytes, checksum: ac3a46e3ca6be40db5d7a4fc54bb1830 (MD5) Cristiane de Jesus da Cunha Luna_Produto da Dissertação.pdf: 636397 bytes, checksum: 95bb602e339fb1e19be3a119c4133cc5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-22T18:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Cristiane de Jesus da Cunha Luna_Dissertação (1).pdf: 4126188 bytes, checksum: ac3a46e3ca6be40db5d7a4fc54bb1830 (MD5) Cristiane de Jesus da Cunha Luna_Produto da Dissertação.pdf: 636397 bytes, checksum: 95bb602e339fb1e19be3a119c4133cc5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Sem bolsa / Esta dissertação refere-se à utilização das tecnologias digitais, mais especificamente ao uso de vídeos na educação em Ciências. A pesquisa foi realizada com alunos de uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Pelotas, em dois momentos: na aplicação de um projeto piloto, no âmbito do projeto Mais Educação (2012), e em um projeto de intervenção com turmas regulares de 8ª série (2013), visando analisar o perfil desses estudantes e a sua relação com as tecnologias, e suas aprendizagens ao assistirem ou produzirem vídeos em atividades de ensino. A pesquisa, com aproximações em pressupostos da pesquisa-ação, procura analisar os discursos que instituem práticas envolvendo os estudantes em suas relações com a escola e com o mundo, a partir de pressupostos teóricos de Foucault, Veen e Vrakking, e Hall, entre outros. Constituíram o corpus de análise os documentos oficiais, as respostas dos questionários (impressos e online) aplicados aos alunos, as postagens e as interações realizadas nos grupos criados no Facebook intitulados 18A/2013 e 18B/2013, e dados do diário de bordo com registros das atividades desenvolvidas pelos estudantes nos projetos realizados. Entre as ações planejadas nos projetos de intervenção, os alunos assistiram a filmes, documentários e vídeos curtos sobre temas diversos e, concomitante a isso, produziram 14 vídeos de curta duração, também envolvendo temas diversos associados à área de Ciências. A realização do estudo mostrou que a exibição e a produção de vídeos podem ser uma boa estratégia para o ensino de Ciências, com desenvolvimento de aprendizagens–conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais – por jovens que têm habilidades para lidar com as mídias e que fazem isso com bastante motivação e autonomia. Nesse sentido, o trabalho com vídeos na escola mostrou-se uma prática que pode contribuir para o envolvimento dos alunos no objeto de estudo, auxiliando-os a serem sujeitos ativos de suas aprendizagens. / This dissertation refers to the digital technology usage, more specifically the video usage in Science education. The research was conducted with students from a local public school in Pelotas city, in two moments: the implementation of a pilot project, under the project “More Education (2012)”, and in an intervention project with regular classes in 8th grade (2013), aiming to analyze the students profile, their relationship with technologies, and their learning while watching or producing videos in teaching activities. The research, with approximations on assumptions of action research and seeks to analyze the speeches that establish practices involving students in their relationships with the school and with the world, from theoretical assumptions of Foucault, Veen, Vrakking, and Hall, among others. It was constituted the analysis “corpus” by official documents, answers questionnaire (printed and online) applied to the students, posts, interactions performed in groups created on Facebook titled 18A/2013 and 18B/2013, and data from the logbook, activities records by the students in performed projects. Among the planned actions in intervention projects, students watched movies, documentaries and short videos about several topics and, in the concomitant of these, they produced fourteen short videos, also involving several topics related to the Science field. The study doing showed us that the video show and video production can be a good strategy for teaching Science, with the apprenticeships development - conceptual, procedural and attitudinal - for young people who has skills to deal with the medias and do it with enough motivation and autonomy. In this way, the work with videos in school showed a practice that can contribute in the student involvement with the study subject, helping them to be active individuals in their own learning

Abstract The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its association with the course of illness in schizophrenia has been widely addressed, but the conclusions still remain essentially unclear. The studies with unselected samples and longitudinal data are few and needed. The aim of this dissertation was to study DUP and the long-term course of illness in schizophrenia in a meta-analysis and in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966). A meta-analysis of 31 original studies on the long-term association between DUP and clinical and social outcomes showed that long DUP had a small but statistically significant association with poor symptomatic, social, and global outcomes. However, there was no significant correlation between DUP and use of treatment, employment, and quality of life. In the NFBC 1966, the associations between DUP and the outcomes (n=89) were assessed with several measurements of mental and psychical state, treatment factors, education, and ability to work. In the short-term outcome, long DUP was associated with longer first hospitalization and increased risk of re-hospitalization. In the long-term, long DUP was associated only with a decreased rate of disability pension. When the association between DUP and brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed (n=46), long DUP correlated with decreased gray-matter density in the right hippocampus. DUP may be a modest marker of a more severe clinical phenotype regarding early outcome, but in the NFBC 1966, longer DUP seems to associate with better clinical and occupational outcomes. The relatively modest effect of DUP on outcomes indicates that shortening DUP may have positive effects on the long-term clinical course. However, it is unlikely that early intervention alone could significantly improve the overall long-term outcome of schizophrenia. Early detection of psychosis is one of the possibilities to achieve the improvement, especially in the short-term outcome of schizophrenia. / Tiivistelmä Hoitamattoman psykoosin kestoa ja sen yhteyttä skitsofrenian taudinkulkuun on tutkittu laajasti, mutta johtopäätökset asiasta ovat jääneet olennaisilta osilta epävarmoiksi. Aihetta koskevia valikoitumattomien aineistojen pitkittäisseurantoja on olemassa vain vähän. Tämän osajulkaisuväitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tutkia hoitamattoman psykoosin keston ja skitsofrenian taudinkulun pitkäaikaista yhteyttä meta-analyysin sekä Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohorttiaineiston avulla. Meta-analyysi hoitamattoman psykoosin keston ja kliinisen ja sosiaalisen ennusteen välillä osoitti, että pidentynyt hoitamattomuus on tilastollisesti merkitsevästi yhteydessä vakavampiin oireisiin ja huonompaan sosiaaliseen toimintakykyyn sekä kokonaisennusteeseen pitkäaikaisseurannoissa. Merkitsevää yhteyttä ei ollut hoitamattoman psykoosin keston ja sairaalahoitojen määrän, työllistymisen tai elämänlaadun välillä. Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohortissa tutkittiin hoitamattoman psykoosin yhteyttä taudinkulkuun ja ennusteeseen (n=89) ja aivojen rakenteeseen (n=46). Kahden ensimmäisen vuoden seurannassa pitkä hoitamattomuus oli yhteydessä pidempään ensimmäiseen sairaalahoitoon ja uuden sairaalahoidon kohonneeseen riskiin. Pitkäaikaisseurannassa pidentynyt hoitamattomuus oli merkitsevästi yhteydessä vähäisempään työkyvyttömyyseläkkeellä olemiseen. Kun aivojen rakennetta tutkittiin magneettikuvantamisen (MRI) avulla, löytyi yhteys pidentyneen hoitamattomuuden ja harmaan aineen pienemmän tiheyden välillä oikean hippokampuksen alueella. Hoitamattoman psykoosin keston tilastollisesti merkitsevä yhteys taudin eri ennusteisiin viittaa siihen, että psykoosin varhaisella tunnistamisella voi olla myönteisiä vaikutuksia. Muut mahdollisuudet parantaa skitsofrenian pitkäaikaisennustetta lienevät keskeisiä ja voivat tehostaa varhaisen tunnistamisen vaikutuksia.

Le sous-sol de Paris est reconnu et topographié depuis environ deux siècles par plusieurs disciplines. Dans cette thèse, nous avons retenu et analysé depuis leur genèses, souvent intimement liées sur le territoire urbain, ces disciplines de l’épaisseur : la géologie, l’hydrogéologie, l’archéologie, la topographie, puis ce que nous nommons actuellement le génie urbain. L’urbanisme, accepté comme « science de l’organisation spatiale des villes », possède peu de méthodes d’appréhension à même de synthétiser dans le temps et l'espace la diversité de ces approches. La méthode proposée par la thèse rend représentables et quantifiables plusieurs évolutions longues issues des « mesures de ville » étalées dans le temps, à travers un Système d’Information Géographique construit dans une perspective diachronique. Il concerne ici spécifiquement la verticalité. Plusieurs cartographies originales concernant le mouvement du sol et de la nappe phréatique en sont issues.Sur la base de ce support, intégrant la topographie historique, environnementale et tridimensionnelle de plusieurs disciplines urbaines, nous développons deux pistes d’analyse.La première est la compréhension de la construction du projet urbain au XIXe siècle jusqu’aux « grands travaux » à la lumière de la mesure de l’espace et des représentations disponibles. Une chronologie spécifique est proposée.La seconde est une proposition pour un récolement urbaniste souterrain appréhendant le temps long et l'épaisseur de la ville. Elle peut contribuer aux bases de données urbaines, actuellement en majorité construites sur un espace conçu comme parcellaire.Le modèle vise donc à fournir une contribution et de nouvelles pistes de recherches à la fois pour la morphologie préindustrielle de Paris, pour l’archéologie industrielle et plus généralement pour l'approche urbaniste de la couche, désormais connue dans un cadre géologique et environnemental, mais encore non définie du point de vue stratigraphique, sous le nom d'anthropocène. / For more than two centuries now, researchers from different backgrounds and disciplines have started studying and making topographical surveys of the Parisian underground.These different ways of studying urban thickness all inform this thesis. They are all analyzed from their very origins, which are often closely linked in an urban context. These methods include: geology, hydrology, archeology, topography, and what is currently called urban engineering. Urbanism, although it is often described as “the science of spatial organization in cities”, can seldom yield as much temporal and spatial information as these various approaches can when put together. This thesis proposes to present and quantify several long-term evolutions, traced through a series of “urban measurements” performed over time by a Geographical Information System, which was designed for the purposes of a diachronic study. The system here specifically targets urban verticality. It has resulted in the creation of many original maps of ground and ground-water movement.Based on these maps, which include historical, environmental and tridimensional topography, two analyses are then conducted.The first deals with understanding the construction of an urban project in the 19th century - up until the “grands travaux” - by looking at space measurement and available representations. A specific chronology is then proposed.The second analysis offers to compile information concerning the thickness of the urban underground and its evolution through time. This could then dispense information to urban databases, many of which are currently based on an urban space fragmented by plots.The model thus built serves to contribute and to give new research perspectives, to the study of Parisian preindustrial morphology, and industrial archeology, and more generally the urban approach of the layer - known in geological and environmental contexts, but which has yet to be defined from a statigraphic point of view - under the name anthropocene.

This diploma thesis observes the topic of life in early Bergson. It is divided into three parts. The first chapter is concentrated on Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness. In this chapter we can become acquainted with the distinction between duration and space. This distinction is the basic of Bergson philosophy. We can also see the distinction between the deeper self and the surface self, which is based on the first distinction. The second chapter Matter and Memory shows how the foregoing distinctions are connected through the Bergson's theory of memory. In the last charter, named Creative Evolution, we deal with the metaphysic concept of life by Bergson, which has always been connected with duration and freedom

Project management used to be described as rational and well structured - a notion that builds on a traditional view that project management is about planning, budgeting and controlling. Nevertheless, it has been questioned if this is a full description. Even though project management techniques were developed for large projects, those techniques and models are used today in small projects of short duration - projects that are quite dissimilar to the large ones. The present study takes a practice perspective to investigate what project managers do when they lead such short projects. Its observations and interviews are used to analyze what happens in the everyday life of project managers. Using classical managerial behaviour studies as a foundation, seen through a practice perspective lens, the study finds that the work of project managers in a software development project is fragmented – their time is filled with formal and informal meetings of different kinds and efforts to resist disturbances in the project. Three challenges were found in the project manager’s work. The first was to Understand: to create meaning. The plans were clearly defined at the start of the project but as the goals were later re-defined, it was scarcely possible to finalize them before delivery. Contrary to the traditional view that plans are inflexible, these plans were discussed, negotiated and interpreted throughout the project. This was the continuous work of creating both meaning in the plans and a common understanding of the project. The second challenge was to Order/coordinate: to manage resources. The project manager reacted to emerging issues rather than acting to prevent things from happening. These reactions led to creative ways of managing and finding solutions to problems. One important way of managing new or changed conditions was to reorganize resources to cover the needs of different teams. The meetings played a central role in this work as arenas for negotiating resources, which became especially evident in times of stress or high workload. The third challenge was to Make it in time: to manage time. Time is a central aspect of project management as projects are temporary organizations; they have a beginning and an end. Previous research has found a point in time, in the middle of a project, when the team starts to feel pressured and stressed about meeting their deadlines. For project managers there is always a struggle to manage time, as dates for delivery are one of the things in a project that are not negotiable. In short-duration projects where projects follow each other seriatim, there is an almost constant feeling of urgency; stress and pressure. The project manager used experiential data to determine and plan the amount of time that would be needed to manage changes in the project, intending that the slack created would enable the project to deliver on time. Although changes and deviations were expected, the project manager rarely knew beforehand what they were or when they would come. The three challenges, previously described as separated from each other, were observed to be all managed simultaneously. The site, the practitioner and the practices influence daily work practice.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: The global human resources for health crisis has affected Uganda deeply as is evidenced by grossly inadequate medical doctor to population ratios. Strategies to increase training and retention initiatives have been identified as the most promising ways to address the problem. In Uganda, the dual track tuition policy of higher education (called the Private Students Scheme or PSS) at the University of Makerere was initiated in the academic year 1993/94, to boost student intake and to supplement university revenue. However, the impact of this scheme on the enrolment and graduation of medical students at this University is unknown. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of the PSS on enrolment, time to completion, attrition and number of graduated medical students at Makerere University Medical School after (post-) the Private Students Scheme (PSS). Study design: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study based on a retrospective review of enrolment and graduation records of medical students was conducted comparing records of students enrolled five years before and after the privatisation scheme. Numbers enrolled, attrition rates, time to completion and graduation numbers were analysed. Results: There were 895 students enrolled in the study period, 612 (72.2%) males and 236 (27.6%) females. Pre- and post-PSS periods had 401 and 494 enrolments respectively (a net increase of 93 students). During the post-PSS period, 447 (90.5%) government sponsored students were enrolled - 351 (71.1%) males and 143 (28.9% females); in the same period, 47 (9.5%) private students were enrolled, 30 (63.8%) male and 17 (36.2%) female. Graduation rates for the entire study period were 96% (859), which represented 44% (378) in the pre-PSS and 56% (481) in the post-PSS periods. Private students contributed 8.9% (43) of the graduates 9in the post-PSS period. The majority of students (90.4%) graduated in five years. Thirty four students (3.8%) dropped out in the entire period, constituting significantly more in the pre-PSS - 22 (5.5%) than in the post PSS-period - 12 (2.4%). Males were more likely to drop out: 31 males did so (4.4%) compared with 3 (1.2%) females. In the post-PSS period, males made up 83.3% (10/12) of the attrition rate. Nine of them were government sponsored while three were private students. Conclusions: The PSS resulted in a 10% increase in enrolments when compared to the pre-PSS period. Furthermore the number of private medical student enrolments contributed 8.9% of the total graduations indicating that PSS succeeded in increasing the number of medical doctors graduated at MUSM. More males than females enrolled across all the years which might indicate a tendency for females to pursue non-medical professions which should be discouraged. Attrition of students was low which is encouraging but the finding that males were more likely to drop out than females deserves attention. / South Africa

Magister Public Health - MPH / Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of the PSS on enrolment, time to completion, attrition and number of graduated medical students at Makerere University Medical School after (post-) the Private Students Scheme (PSS).

In the presented thesis the aim is to apply methods of survival analysis to the data from the Labour Force Survey, which are interval-censored. With regard to this type of data, I use specific methods designed to handle them, especially Turnbull estimate, weighted log-rank test and the AFT model. Other objective of the work is the design and application of a methodology for creating a model of unemployment duration, depending on the available factors and its interpretation. Other aim is to evaluate evolution of the probability distribution of unemployment duration and last but not least aim is to create more accurate estimate of the tail using extreme value theory. The main benefits of the thesis can include the creation of a methodology for examining the data from the Labour Force Survey based on standard techniques of survival analysis. Since the data are internationally comparable, the methodology is applicable at the level of European Union countries and several others. Another benefit of this work is estimation of the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution on interval-censored data and creation and comparison of the models of piecewise connected distribution functions with solution of the connection problem. Work brought empirical results, most important of which is the comparison of results from three different data approaches and specific relationship between selected factors and time to find a job or spell of unemployment.