Syfte: Idag har det blivit allt mer vanligt att verksamheter använder sig av aktivitetsbaserade kontor, så kallade ABW-kontor. En anledning till detta är att kontorsformen är mer yteffektiv då den oftast är utformad för ett färre antal medarbetare än vad verksamheten har anställda. Problemet med många av dagens aktivitetsbaserade kontor är att utformningen inte är rätt anpassad till verksamhetens behov. Detta grundar sig i att det finns en kommunikationsbrist i utformningsprocessen vilket medför att arkitekten inte får den information om verksamheten som behövs. Målet med arbetet har varit att komma fram till ett hjälpmedel som kan undvika kommunikationsbristen för att i framtiden ge arkitekter ett bättre underlag för att utforma ABW-kontor. Metod: Studien har bestått av en kvalitativ undersökning där fallstudier, intervjuer och dokumentgranskning använts. Studiens största datainsamling består av semistrukturerade intervjuer med arkitekt och personer som arbetat hos de tre verksamheterna under utformningsprocessen. Utöver detta utfördes en dokumentgranskning av planlösningarna hos verksamheterna. Dessa datainsamlingsmetoder kunde därefter analyseras och generera svar på studiens frågeställningar. Resultat: Undersökningen visade att det funnits en kommunikationsbrist i samtliga utformningsprocesser hos de tre verksamheterna. En av verksamheterna hade använt sig mer av medarbetarna i utformningsprocessen vilket kan kopplas till att de anställda var nöjda med kontoret. Från intervjuerna framgick det vad i kontorets utformning som var viktigt för att kontoret skulle bli så anpassat till verksamhetens behov som möjligt. Utifrån den här informationen skapades en checklista för arkitekt, beställare och anställda. Checklistan kan användas i utformningsprocessen för att få ett bra underlag till att anpassa kontorets utformning till verksamhetens behov. Konsekvenser: En slutsats av den här studien är att alla ABW-kontor inte är anpassade efter verksamhetens behov. Under utformningsprocessen involveras inte alla medarbetarna tillräckligt mycket vilket har visat sig vara nödvändigt för ett fungerande resultat. För att ge en arkitekt möjlighet att utforma ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor så bra som möjligt behövs information från medarbetarna som förklarar deras arbetssätt och behov. En rekommendation utifrån resultatet är att göra checklistan digitaliserad så att större företag kan använda sig av den också. Begränsningar: Studien har avgränsats till att undersöka tre verksamheter med olika typer av organisationer, ekonomi, IT och marknadsföring. Antalet intervjuer på de olika verksamheterna har även avgränsats till att intervjua personer som endast varit med under bytet till ABW-kontor. Den resulterande checklistan är lämpad att användas i små företag eftersom checklistan är i pappersform. För stor insamling av checklistor kan minska effektiviteten i utformningsprocessen. Metodvalen är anpassade för studiens omfattning men arbetet hade stärkts om intervjuer även utförts med arkitekter som utformat de valda ABW-kontoren. Nyckelord: ABW, Aktivitetsbaserat kontor, Kommunikationsverktyg, Utformningsprocess. / Purpose: Nowadays it is more common to use activity based work offices, known as ABW-offices. One of the reasons why it is getting more popular is because of the space efficiency. ABW-offices are often designed for less people than number of employees. The problem with many of today’s activity based work offices is that it is not suitable for every type of work environment and its needs. The reason is lack of communication during the design process. That can lead into less information about the working environment for the architect. The goal with the case study has been to produce a userfriendly communication tool so the architect has a better base to start the design process. Method: The study is a qualitative survey with case studies, interviews and document analysis. The largest data collection has been semi structured interviews with architect and employees. The document analysis is based on the layouts of the different work offices. These data collection methods could thereafter be analyzed and generate answers to the questions of the case study. Findings: The study showed that there has been a lack of communication during the design process in every ABW-office. One of the three offices involved the employees during the design process, and the employees seemed to be happy with how the office turned out. The interviews gave information about what factors that can be most important to make the ABW-office as suitable as possible for the work office. After analyzing the empiricism a checklist was created for architect, client and employees. The checklist can be used during the design process to fill the client and the employees need to make a suitable working environment. Implications: A conclusion of this study is that all ABW-offices are not suitable enough for the work office. All the employees did not get fully involved during the design process which, after research, are the best way to get the ultimate result. Therefore, the architect needs to get as much information as possible from the employees to make a good and suitable layout for plan views. A recommendation is to improve the checklist and make it digitized so bigger companies can use the checklist too. Limitations: The study has been delimited to make a research about three different companies with different types of organizations, economy, IT and marketing. People that has been interviewed have all been a part of the exchange to an ABW-office. The checklist is mostly suitable for smaller companies to use since the checklist is in shape of paper. Too many checklist can lead to a less effective designprocess. The methods are chosen in consideration to time and extent of the study. The study would have strengthen if more interviews with for instance the responsible architects of the chosen ABW-offices were made. Keywords: ABW, Activity based work office, Communication tool, Design process.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur medarbetare hos kommunikationsbyrån Åkestam Holst, uppfattar att kontorets interiör kommunicerar företagets visuella identitet. I teorin om Diskursiv-materialitet diskuterar man huruvida materia är kommunikativt. I studien undersöks den teorin i förhållande till att internt förmedla organisationens identitet genom visuell kommunikation. Detta görs genom  enkätundersökning bland Åkestams Holst medarbetare. För att kunna tolka och analysera det resultatet genomfördes även en informantintervju angående kontorets faktiska utformning.  Studiens resultat visar på att interiören är en viktig del för att kommunicera den visuella identiteten och att den uppfattats som en del av företagets identitet även om det inte är syftet. Vidare visar resultatet att interiören som en del av den visuella kommunikationen är viktig för medarbetarna ska inspireras till kreativa lösningar i sitt arbete.

<p>The use of air-conditioning and comfort cooling in offices and stores has been increasing during recent years. Adnot, (2002) reports an increased use in commercial buildings by 200 % from 1990 to 2002. The increase is primarily due to the growing use of electrical equipment generating internal heat. The enhanced public demands of the indoor climate are yet another explanation to the increase. The main cooling method used is mechanical chillers based on vapor compression. Many of these cooling systems are old and will shortly become obsolete which gives the property holder a chance to improve in his cooling system.</p><p>The office building Mercurius 12 in Karlstad operates activities that require comfort cooling. The cooling method used is conventional vapor compression which is distributed by an airborne system. The property consists of two buildings one built in 1939 and one in 1970. The property is 7700 m² and accommodates one apartment, offices and stores. The property is currently housing 190 people.</p><p>The aim of this report is that on a basis of life-cycle costs analyze how a change of cooling methods and cooling needs are connected to the Life-cycle costs of the cooling. The practicability of each change shall also be investigated.</p><p>The calculation of the life-cycle costs and heat surpluses have been made using generally accepted formulas that has been outlined in Excel.</p><p>All of the simulated measures to reduce the building's life-cycle costs in terms of internal heat and solar radiation pays off. The higher energy prices, the greater savings.</p><p>The Cooling tower method is the chilling process that provides the minimum life-cycle costs, both with both air and waterborne distribution system.</p><p>Vapor compression used with today’s energy prices provides comparatively to the other investigated methods a low life-cycle cost. The vapor compression method is however not as good if the energy price would get higher than today.</p>

No description available.

No description available.

The use of air-conditioning and comfort cooling in offices and stores has been increasing during recent years. Adnot, (2002) reports an increased use in commercial buildings by 200 % from 1990 to 2002. The increase is primarily due to the growing use of electrical equipment generating internal heat. The enhanced public demands of the indoor climate are yet another explanation to the increase. The main cooling method used is mechanical chillers based on vapor compression. Many of these cooling systems are old and will shortly become obsolete which gives the property holder a chance to improve in his cooling system. The office building Mercurius 12 in Karlstad operates activities that require comfort cooling. The cooling method used is conventional vapor compression which is distributed by an airborne system. The property consists of two buildings one built in 1939 and one in 1970. The property is 7700 m2 and accommodates one apartment, offices and stores. The property is currently housing 190 people. The aim of this report is that on a basis of life-cycle costs analyze how a change of cooling methods and cooling needs are connected to the Life-cycle costs of the cooling. The practicability of each change shall also be investigated. The calculation of the life-cycle costs and heat surpluses have been made using generally accepted formulas that has been outlined in Excel. All of the simulated measures to reduce the building's life-cycle costs in terms of internal heat and solar radiation pays off. The higher energy prices, the greater savings. The Cooling tower method is the chilling process that provides the minimum life-cycle costs, both with both air and waterborne distribution system. Vapor compression used with today’s energy prices provides comparatively to the other investigated methods a low life-cycle cost. The vapor compression method is however not as good if the energy price would get higher than today.

Dagens föränderliga samhälle ställer höga krav på organisationers anpassningsförmåga vilket i sin tur kräver att utformningen av arbetsplatser ska kunna möta denna föränderlighet. Ett kontorskoncept som vinner mark på alltfler svenska företag är det aktivitetsbaserade konceptet. På en aktivitetsbaserad arbetsplats, som är uppbyggd efter olika zoner, ska medarbetarna kunna välja plats som stödjer den arbetsuppgift som för tillfället utförs. Fördelarna med dessa arbetsplatser framförs vara minskad lokalyta, ökad kommunikation samt större produktivitet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en förståelse för hur medarbetarna i en offentlig organisation upplever den aktivitetsbaserade arbetsplatsen. Vidare vill vi undersöka om avsikten med införandet av det nya kontorskonceptet har infriats i medarbetarnas upplevelser. Undersökningen genomfördes på Kungälvs stadshus som nyligen har börjat arbeta aktivitetsbaserat. Undersökningen har en kvalitativ ansats där intervjuer och observationer har genomförts. De framträdande slutsatserna i undersökningen visar att respondenternas upplevelser av arbetsplatsen, i de flesta fall, inte var kopplade till det aktivitetsbaserade kontorskonceptet som sådant, utan istället till den fysiska miljön. Flertalet upplevde att arbetsplatsen fungerade bra i förhållande till deras arbete. Däremot framkom att upplevelsen av arbetsplatsen skiljde sig något åt beroende på respondenternas uppdrag. Det framkom även att medarbetarna inte utnyttjade arbetsplatsens alla resurser och var begränsade i sin rörlighet. Vidare infriades vissa av avsikterna med införandet av kontorskonceptet i respondenternas upplevelser, medan vissa inte gjorde det. Denna undersöknings värde ligger i att det forskningsaktuella läget är begränsat och att de flesta studier som gjorts på området är kvantitativt riktade. Vidare belyser undersökningen, det allt för sällan undersökta, medarbetarperspektivet. / Today’s changeable society requires a great deal of organizations adaptability which in turn puts high demands on the office design to meet this changeability. An office concept that is attaining more attention from Swedish organizations is the activity-based concept. At an activity-based workplace, which is made up by different activity-areas, the employee can choose a workstation that best supports the activity at hand. Some of the uttered pros of activity-based workplaces are the decrease in use of office space as well as the increase in communication and productivity. The purpose of this research is to receive an understanding for the employee’s experience of the activity-based workplace, in a public organization. We will furthermore view if the intentions with the implementation, of the office concept, are shown in the employees’ experiences. The research was carried out at Kungälvs stadshus who just recently started working activity-based. Interviews and observations, with a qualitative approach, were carried out. The major findings of this research was that the respondents experiences of the workplace, in most cases, weren’t connected to the activity-based concept as such. Instead it was connected to the physical environment. The majority of the respondents experienced that the workplace supported them in their work. However, the experiences differed some, due to the employee’s assignment. Another finding was that the employees didn’t use all the resources in the workplace and was restricted in their mobility. Further the research shows that some of the intentions, with the implementation of the office concept, are shown in the employees’ experiences and some of the intentions are not shown. The value of this research lies in the fact that the research in this area is limited and the research that exists is done with a quantitative approach. Furthermore, the research illuminates the, all too rarely researched employee-perspective.

This study aims to investigate and evaluate design principles that are important or central for developing a mobile application for fieldworkers. By developing a design proposal for a case company, the design principles can be evaluated and reflected on. The theoretical framework, used in the analysis, includes definition of mobile units, design principles for information system and challenges for developers of mobile units. Qualitative data has been collected during the study by interviews and prototype testing at the chosen company. Two interviews were completed with field workers, each interview took about one hour. A development of low and high detailed prototypes were also done, to enhance communication and visualization during user testing. Service experience blueprint was applied for the concept to visualize the customer journey together with the mobile application. The prototype testing included three field workers and took about one hour. To complement the interviews and prototype testing the author(developer) gathered information about the context the field workers are in during the study. The information was in the form of photographs taken of the context and the field workers field notes describing different variables that affected the work. Action design research has been used as a strategy that has enabled design principles to be explored, evaluated, tested and finally presented in a proposed design solution. Finally, the result presented important design principles and specifically, highlights new design principles that are central for developing a mobile office for field workers. The result of the study shows that the field worker want to have informative feedback when the context change and has an effect on the documentation process. The proposed application can provide the right information that the field worker needs by gathering information from small devices called Internet of Things (IoT). The information can then be used to support the user in their customer journey. The secondary data also shows that the field worker are in a noisy context. In that perspective, the developer needs to be restricted to use sound as informative feedback. The study also provides new design principles. The fieldworkers prefer to make interact with a digital pencil when documenting information during a project. The context is also changeable in for example light. To make it easier for the field worker (the user), the system should make it possible to change color and contrast of the layout. Also, due to perspective, the navigation and the structure of the layout should make it possible for the field worker to choose alternatives ways beside the standardized menus.

This thesis considers the integration of BIM and IoT in the building process of offices. The thesis is hopefully going to create knowledge about BIM and IoT and describe what needs to be done to carry out an integration.The planning of offices today consists of the use of BIM and a lot of smart solutions. But what are the benefits from an integration of BIM and Internet of Things and how can this be used throughout the building process? New and smart solutions are invented all the time and although not all are possible to use in everyday offices, some can already be of great use. For the future there is a great need for smart and sustainable solutions that helps to conserve energy but at the same time are economically sustainable. This needs to become a part of our everyday to help conquer one of our times biggest challenges, the environmental issue. This thesis highlights the advantages, disadvantages and requirements of an integration of BIM and IoT. It concerns the technology behind IoT and what the future has to offer.The result of the written thesis is a model that describes how an integration of BIM and IoT can be carried out during the different stages of the building process. The model is going to work like a cycle where information from sensors constantly flows to the BIM model during the entire building process. Information and experiences gained from the different stages of the building process can be used to evaluate the construction and its different systems and the experience gained is used in the next project.An integration will be hard to do on a big scale due to different factors. The technology is here but the pathway and standards for it are not.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka en aktivitetsbaserad arbetsplats och de anställdas upplevelser av att arbeta på en sådan. Frågeställningarna berör vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som kan identifieras på en aktivitetsbaserad arbetsplats, samt hur de anställda beskriver övergången till ett aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt. Det teoretiska ramverk som presenteras berör begrepp om fysisk arbetsmiljö, organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö, integrering och segmentering, extern- och intern reglering, samt den så kallade krav-kontroll och stödmodellen. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats har präglat denna uppsats. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat genom åtta semi-strukturerade intervjuer med anställda som arbetar på en aktivitetsbaserad arbetsplats. Målet har varit att fånga de intervjuades upplevelser, åsikter och känslor om uppsatsens ämne. Studiens resultat har gett en ökad förståelse för hur anställda upplever och beskriver sin aktivitetsbaserade arbetsplats. De möjligheter som har konstaterats handlar om den kontroll och flexibilitet informanterna har fått i och med arbetssättet, samt att de fått större kontroll och utbyte gällande de sociala relationerna på arbetsplatsen. De utmaningar som uppmärksammats berör huvudsakligen hur individuella preferenser och personlighetsdrag kan påverka upplevelsen av en aktivitetsbaserad arbetsplats. Resultatet visar även att informanterna beskriver övergången till aktivitetsbaserat som relativt positiv, eftersom de har varit delaktiga i processen och i och med övergången till aktivitetsbaserat fått större självbestämmande än innan implementeringen. Den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön har delvis förbättrats i och med större valmöjligheter, medan den fysiska har några utmaningar kvar, speciellt gällande anställdas koncentrationsmöjligheter och arbetsplatsens lokaler.