A utilização de tecnologias digitais é característica expressiva da sociedade atual, facilitando a realização de atividades cotidianas e possibilitando o acesso à informação e à comunicação de forma interativa, colaborativa e instrutiva nos mais diversos contextos sociais (LÉVY, 1993;1999; KENSKI, 2003; 2007). Considerando seu potencial para o desenvolvimento do ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras (LANCIEN, 2004; MANGENOT; LOUVEAU, 2006; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; MAYRINK, 2013; BRAGA, 2013; PIETRARÓIRA, 2013) e a urgência de colocar em prática inovações metodológicas para acompanhar as necessidades sociais e cognitivas dos nativos digitais (PRENSKY, 2010; CASTELLS, 2011), esta pesquisa foi realizada em um Centro de Estudo de Línguas do Estado de São Paulo (CEL) com o uso de tecnologias como instrumentos mediadores para a aprendizagem do francês língua estrangeira (VYGOTSKY, 1934), tendo como característica específica, a extensão da sala presencial a um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Desse modo, este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar como as tecnologias digitais podem auxiliar na realização de tarefas comunicativas na língua estrangeira (PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009) que levem o aluno a ser um aprendiz ativo (BACICH; MORAN, 2018; VALENTE, 2017) em seu processo de aprendizagem em contextos híbridos (BACICH; TANZI-NETO; TREVISANI, 2015), na era da Sociedade da Informação (COLL; MONEREO, 2010). A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa-interpretativista e foi desenvolvida aos moldes da pesquisa-ação junto a adolescentes do curso de francês do CEL e as tarefas propostas foram desenvolvidas e compartilhadas através da realização do projeto coletivo RADIO/MAG 6èmeA: a criação de uma rádio/revista virtual, em sala de aula presencial e no ambiente virtual no Evernote. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as tecnologias digitais mediadas pelo professor e associadas à realização de tarefas autênticas de comunicação na língua estrangeira, em contexto presencial e virtual, ampliam os espaços de aprendizagem por possibilitarem a interatividade com a informação e interações com os pares, características que favorecem o desenvolvimento de uma postura ativa do aprendiz potencializando sua aprendizagem e sua transformação como sujeito na sociedade atual (FREIRE, 1996). / The use of digital technologies is a significant feature of todays society, making it easier for people to do everyday tasks and allowing access to information and communication in an interactive, collaborative and instructive way in various social contexts (LÉVY, 1993;1999; KENSKI, 2003; 2007). By taking into account their potential in the development of the teaching and learning of foreign languages (LANCIEN, 2004; MANGENOT; LOUVEAU, 2006; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; MAYRINK, 2013; BRAGA, 2013; PIETRARÓIRA, 2013) as well as the urgency to put into practice methodological innovations to cater to the social and cognitive needs of digital natives (PRENSKY, 2010; CASTELLS, 2011), our study was carried out in a Language Study Center (CEL) located in São Paulo with the technologies as mediating tools in the learning of French as a foreign language (VYGOTSKY, 1934) and having as its distinctive feature the virtual learning environment as an extension of in-person classes. The aim of this study is to analyze how digital technologies can help students perform communicative tasks in the foreign language (PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009), which may turn them into active learners (BACICH; MORAN, 2018; VALENTE, 2017) in their learning process in hybrid contexts (BACICH; TANZI-NETO; TREVISANI, 2015) in the age of Information Society (COLL; MONEREO, 2010). We have conducted a qualitative-interpretive research, which was based on action research carried out with teenagers taking the French course at CEL. The suggested tasks were developed and shared in a group project entitled RADIO/MAG 6èmeA: the making of a virtual radio/ magazine, both in the classroom and in the virtual learning environment in Evernote. The results of our study have shown that digital technologies mediated by the teacher and associated with the completion of authentic communicative tasks in the foreign language, both in person and virtually, broaden the learning spaces since they allow interactivity with the information and interactions with peers. These features foster an active attitude of the learner by boosting their learning and promoting their transformation into subjects in todays society (FREIRE, 1996).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-24T13:46:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 larissasilvaleitãodaroda.pdf: 2332952 bytes, checksum: 1c0470515bfc7d269beb2d0255783a7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:45:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 larissasilvaleitãodaroda.pdf: 2332952 bytes, checksum: 1c0470515bfc7d269beb2d0255783a7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T15:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 larissasilvaleitãodaroda.pdf: 2332952 bytes, checksum: 1c0470515bfc7d269beb2d0255783a7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-18 / As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) estão a cada dia mais difundidas no ambiente em que vivemos; contudo, resta saber se esta participação das tecnologias na vida acadêmica dos discentes e docentes do ensino superior tem a mesma relevância de seu uso na vida pessoal. A questão central desta dissertação é avaliar como os docentes do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora utilizam as tecnologias nas aulas presenciais ou fora da sala de aula. O objetivo geral foi o de criar e propor um curso para capacitar docentes do curso de medicina a utilizarem as tecnologias como ferramenta adicional às atividades presenciais. A primeira parte deste trabalho consistiu da descrição do caso, ou seja, a atual situação de utilização dos recursos tecnológicos na referida instituição, além da descrição do contexto na qual se encontra inserida e da exemplificação de outras instituições que ora oferecem cursos ligados à área do uso de tecnologias. Em seguida, procedeu-se à pesquisa de campo, em que foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas selecionadas no âmbito da universidade estudada, para fins de validar as hipóteses formuladas a partir da descrição do caso. Os dados levantados junto aos entrevistados coadunaram com a impressão desenvolvida a partir da descrição do caso. As informações obtidas com a pesquisa de campo foram comparadas com dados da literatura e pesquisa documental e demonstraram que a universidade está aberta à discussão acerca da importância da introdução das tecnologias no ensino superior e da necessidade de reformulação da prática pedagógica, mais do que simplesmente as utilizarem como ferramentas. Por fim, foi proposto um Plano de Ação Educacional, embasado nos dados analisados, que se apresenta como um curso de capacitação tecnológica e pedagógica de docentes do ensino superior, no âmbito do curso de medicina, para a utilização das TICs nas atividades das disciplinas presenciais. O curso foi concebido em modalidade semipresencial e seu funcionamento foi pormenorizado na última seção, incluindo a efetiva concepção do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem criado para esta finalidade. Por fim, realizamos uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de se pensar uma educação universitária em que o docente seja capaz de empregar as tecnologias como recursos que proporcionam ao discente a oportunidade de construir seu próprio conhecimento. / Information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly disseminated throughout our living environments; nevertheless, it is yet to be known whether the role played by technologies in the academic world is as remarkable as its use for personal purposes. The core issue of this paper is to assess how medical school professors of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora make use of technologies inside and outside classrooms. The aim of this research was to propose a training program for medical school teachers to learn the means of applying technologies as an additional tool to classroom activities. The first section of this paper comprises the case description, that is, in what manner technology has been used throughout the aforementioned institution and the description of the context in which it is inserted. Subsequently, we proceeded to field research, that included semi-structured interviews, with selected persons within university staff, so that we could validate the hypothesis formulated based on the case description. The data gathered through the interviewees concurred with the impression developed from the case study. The information obtained through field research was compared to international literature and documents analysis and showed that the university community is open to discussion regarding the significance of the introduction of new technologies inside higher education field. In the last section, we propounded an educational program, which is presented as a pedagogical and technological training for professors within medical school to use the technologies during inclass activities. The program has been planned to work on a blended mode, with online and on-site activities and its design and implementation is detailed. In conclusion, we take into consideration the need for rethinking university teaching and search for a teacher that is able to use technologies as resources that provide students with the opportunity to build their own knowledge.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-15T13:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 emilianatortelotifreitas.pdf: 39659431 bytes, checksum: aa7b2222b4bae0021f7a98b32cb8abdc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-15T14:18:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 emilianatortelotifreitas.pdf: 39659431 bytes, checksum: aa7b2222b4bae0021f7a98b32cb8abdc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T14:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emilianatortelotifreitas.pdf: 39659431 bytes, checksum: aa7b2222b4bae0021f7a98b32cb8abdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho se define como um Estudo de Caso de natureza participativa e interventiva – Pesquisa-ação (MORIN, 2004) – e desenvolveu-se na esfera do Mestrado Profissional em Letras da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – PROFLETRAS, cujo público-alvo são professores do Ensino Fundamental II de escolas públicas brasileiras. Vinculou-se ao macroprojeto “Ensino de Língua Portuguesa – da Formação docente à sala de aula” (MIRANDA, 2014, FAPEMIG CHE APQ 02584/14) que tem como objetivo principal a construção de um Ambiente de aprendizagem propício a efetivas práticas de letramento em que se articulem o Protagonismo discente, Autoria e Autoridade docente, uma Rede de Cooperação entre discentes e docentes e a Modelagem, visando promover uma Educação Linguística e Cidadã. O lócus investigativo é uma sala de aula de Língua Portuguesa, marcada pela desordem, hostilidade, violência, desinteresse, indiferença e infrequência, do 8o ano do Ensino Fundamental, composta por 21 alunos, localizada no município de Miracema, RJ, onde a professora-pesquisadora atuou em busca de um caminho autoral de reconstrução e profissionalização da sua prática como professora de Língua Portuguesa. Neste percurso investigativo, fundamentos, modelos de análise, categorias e estratégias de ação construídos em rede de pesquisa no nosso macroprojeto foram replicados de modo autoral. A pesquisa-ação desenvolvida envolveu uma etapa diagnóstica inicial, uma etapa interventiva e uma etapa diagnóstica e avaliativa final. Para o diagnóstico inicial elegeram-se dois (2) instrumentos investigativos, um questionário semiaberto a fim de traçar o perfil socioeconômico e cultural dos discente e um “Relato de experiência” escrito sobre as vivências como alunos de LP. Os resultados obtidos após análise de tais diagnósticos foram importantes indicadores para a etapa interventiva que foi estruturada em três (3) projetos ─ PROJETO 1: Sarau Coração de Estudante: construindo um ambiente de aprendizagem com poesia e música, PROJETO 2: A língua e a ciência: desvendando textos expositivos e PROJETO 3: Trabalhando valores e o gênero oral assembleia de classe ─ ambos sustentados por uma concepção de linguagem como prática social. A etapa diagnóstica e avaliativa final, voltada para a voz discente, foi constituída por dois (2) relatos de experiência como alunos de Língua Portuguesa, sendo um (1) inicial, relatando toda a sua experiência e um (1) final, relatando a experiência vivida apenas no ano de 2017, ambos submetidos a um método de análise do discurso em que tomamos como base a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 2009 [1982]; (SALOMÃO, 2009) e seu projeto lexicográfico computacional FrameNet (www.framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu). No decorrer de sete (7) meses, as práticas interventivas deste estudo ─ detalhadas e justificadas em um Caderno Pedagógico digital interativo ─ permitiram que o “caos” das relações interacionais fosse, gradativamente, cedendo espaço ao respeito, ao protagonismo e às ações cooperativas na sala de aula. De modo especial, a ação autoral do docente-pesquisador resultou na recuperação de sua autoridade, possibilitando a construção de um Ambiente de aprendizagem propício à uma educação linguística e cidadã. / This work is defined as a Case Study of a participatory and interventional nature - Action Research (MORIN, 2004) - and developed in the sphere of the Professional Master's Degree in Languages of Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - PROFLETRAS, whose target audience are teachers of Elementary School II of Brazilian public schools. It is linked to the macroproject “Ensino de Língua Portuguesa – da Formação docente à sala de aula” (MIRANDA, 2014, FAPEMIG CHE APQ 02584/14), whose main objective is to build a learning environment conducive to effective literacy practices that articulates the student Protagonism, Authorship and Teaching Authority, a Network of Cooperation among students and teachers and Modeling, aiming to promote a Linguistic and Citizen Education. The investigative locus is a Portuguese Language classroom characterized by disorder, hostility, violence, disinterest, indifference and infrequency, from the 8th grade of elementary school, composed of 21 students, located in the municipality of Miracema, RJ, where the teacher- researcher worked searching an autoral path of reconstruction and professionalization of her practice as a Portuguese Language teacher. In this research, fundamentals, models of analysis, categories and action strategies built in a research network in our macroproject were replicated in an authorial way. The action research developed involved an initial diagnostic step, an interventional stage and a final diagnostic and evaluation stage. For the initial diagnosis, two (2) investigative instruments were used, a semi-open questionnaire in order to outline the socioeconomic and cultural profile of the students and an "Experience report" written about the experiences as Portuguese Language students. The results obtained after the analysis of such diagnoses were important indicators for the intervention stage, which was structured in three (3) projects ─ PROJECT 1: "Sarau Coração de Estudante": building a learning environment with poetry and music, PROJECT 2: Language and science: unraveling descritives texts and PROJECT 3: working values and the class assembly - both supported by a conception of language as social practice. The final diagnostic and evaluative stage, focused on the student voice, consisted of two (2) reports of experience as Portuguese Language students, one (1) initial, reporting all their experience and one (1) final, reporting the experience lived in 2017, both submitted to a method of discourse analysis in which we take as basis the Semantics of Frames (FILLMORE, 2009 [1982]; (SALOMÃO, 2009) and its computational lexicographic project named FrameNet (www.framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu). Over the course of seven (7) months, the intervention practices of this study - detailed and justified in an Interactive Digital Pedagogical Notebook - allowed the "chaos" of interactional relations to gradually give way to respect, protagonism and cooperative actions in classroom. In a special way, the author-researcher's authorial action resulted in the recovery of his authority, making possible the construction of an environment of learning conducive to a linguistic and citizen education.

Orientador: Sérgio Ferreira do Amaral / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T02:00:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_MarciaIzabelFugisawa_D.pdf: 2049358 bytes, checksum: 7bfbf629f2e49e760f2db17a923ff21f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo Dado o crescente uso de tecnologias e dispositivos móveis, especialmente, celulares, smartphones e tablets, em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, esta pesquisa procurou responder ao desafio de desenvolver uma metodologia de produção de micro-conteúdo educacional para aprendizagem com mobilidade. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi prover um modelo para orientar a produção de micro-conteúdo educacional para utilização em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem com mobilidade, a partir de pontos de interconexão advindos da Pedagogia, Comunicação e Semiótica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica e conceitual, de natureza significativa e descritiva, especificamente de revisão narrativa, enquadrada no âmbito do paradigma interpretativo (ou paradigma qualitativo). Abarca questões teóricas e conceituais, sobre temas como: tecnologias e dispositivos móveis, aprendizagem com mobilidade, micro-aprendizagem, micro-conteúdo e hipermídia, micro-conteúdo educacional e linguagens híbridas. A abordagem metodológica consistiu na aplicação das contribuições teóricas, identificadas na literatura, na construção do modelo de produção de micro-conteúdo educacional. Para a elaboração do modelo adotou-se a técnica de processo operacional para representação dos fluxos das principais atividades e tarefas inerentes ao sistema de produção. O resultado principal obtido pela pesquisa constituiu-se na metodologia desenvolvida visando à produção de micro-conteúdo, envolvendo: o processo arquitetura pedagógica e o processo arquitetura das linguagens. As conclusões da pesquisa indicam que: a) o modelo desenvolvido apresenta os elementos conceituais e teóricos essenciais à produção de micro-conteúdo educacional para aprendizagem com mobilidade; b) os conceitos e fundamentos expostos na pesquisa são considerados elementos teóricos e conceituais prévios; c) o modelo desenvolvido fornece subsídios à elaboração de novas propostas de pesquisa e tem potencial para fomentar novos projetos de pesquisa acadêmica; d) o modelo conta com a possibilidade de sua utilização em projetos didático-pedagógicos que priorizem, por exemplo, a aprendizagem colaborativa e a co-autoria. / Abstract Given the increasing use of technologies and mobile devices, especially cell phones, smartphones and tablets in virtual learning environments, this research sought to answer the challenge of developing a producing methodology of educational micro-content for mobile learning. The main objective of the research was to provide a model to guide the production of educational micro-content for use in a virtual learning environment with mobility, from interconnection points arising Pedagogy, Communication and Semiotics. This is a theoretical and conceptual, meaningful and descriptive nature, specifically of a narrative review, framed within the interpretive paradigm (or qualitative paradigm). Covers theoretical and conceptual questions about: technologies and mobile devices, mobile learning, micro-learning, micro-content and hypermedia, educational micro-content and hybrid languages. The methodological approach consisted in the application of theoretical contributions identified in the literature in the construction of the production model of educational micro-content. To construct the model we adopted the technique for representing operational process flows of the main activities and tasks inherent to the production system. The main result obtained by research constituted the methodology aiming at producing micro-content involving two distinct processes: process of pedagogical architecture and process of architecture of languages. The research findings indicate that: a) the model developed presents the conceptual and theoretical elements essential to the production of micro-content education for mobile learning; b) the concepts and grounds presented in the research are considered preliminary conceptual and theoretical elements; c) the developed model provides grants to developing new research proposals and has the potential to encourage new academic research projects; d) the model has the possibility of their use in didactic pedagogical projects that focus, for example, collaborative learning and co-authorship. / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação

Orientador: Terezinha de Jesus Machado Maher / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_ReginaCeliada_D.pdf: 1158973 bytes, checksum: 1d180891f8d736ce0e76e5f7da5b61fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nesta tese apresento e discuto os resultados de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa cujo objetivo foi proceder à análise de práticas de intercompreensão (IC) e de ensino de Língua Estrangeira (LE) em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs), procurando apontar algumas as implicações do uso desses meios em contexto de globalização. Busquei, em um primeiro momento, avaliar criticamente o trabalho desenvolvido em uma plataforma de formação para a intercompreensão em línguas românicas, o Galanet, para, em seguida, refletir sobre o impacto dessa minha experiência com o plurilinguismo em um AVA específico nos modos como passei a utilizar a plataforma Teleduc em cursos presenciais de língua italiana para alunos brasileiros no Centro de Ensino de Línguas (CEL) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Este trabalho também se caracteriza por ser o registro do percurso entre duas fases de minha trajetória como docente de LE: antes e depois do emprego de suportes digitais, o que me possibilitou descobrir recursos, repensar e reorganizar minhas práticas didáticas. Nesse sentido, esta tese também pode contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a prática do docente de LE em sua entrada na virtualidade, as possibilidades e limites de se fazer neste ambiente uma formação complexa envolvendo vários níveis e conteúdos de aprendizagem para alunos e professores. Este estudo, ao tematizar o conceito de virtualização, ao discutir algumas implicações do emprego de AVAs no ensino de LEs e algumas das causas da relutância por parte de docentes em adotá-los, e ao tecer considerações sobre as políticas linguísticas em andamento na Europa e na America Latina, fornece elementos que contribuem, ainda que minimamente, para a compreensão do ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras na contemporaneidade. Os dados primários foram gerados durante (i) sessões do Galanet ocorridas entre fevereiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2011, (ii) duas sessões de formação para professores na plataforma Galapro, realizadas em novembro de 2009 e em novembro de 2011, e (iii) aulas observadas em turmas de italiano de nível I e III em disciplinas ministradas entre 2008 e 2010.Os dados secundários foram gerados em diferentes encontros de professores organizados pela (UNICAMP), pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) pela Agência Universitária para a Francofonia (AUF) / Abstract: This thesis presents and discusses the results of a qualitative research study whose aim was to analyse some Intercomprehension and Foreing Language Teaching practices conducted in Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) in order to reflect upon some of the implications of the use of such environments in a globalized context. Firstly, I have tried to critically evaluate the work conducted in a Romance Languages intercomprehension practice internet platform, the Galanet, and, secondly, to reflect upon the impact of such multilingual experience in a specific VLE in the ways I started using another platform - the Teleduc - in the teaching of Italian to Brazilian students at the Centro de Ensino de Línguas (CEL) at UNICAMP. This thesis also intends, therefore, to register my foreign language teacher's trajectory in its two distinct phases: before and after the employment of virtual language teaching tools and resources which has enabled me to come across new pedagogical possibilities and to rethink and reorganize my professional. It is hoped that this work will contribute to shed light on what might happen to foreign language teachers' practices once they enter the virtual world. It is also expected that the focus on the implications of the use of VLE in the teaching of foreign languages and on some of the causes for teachers reluctance in adopting them, as well as on ongoing linguistic policies in Europe and in Latin America will provide elements which, if articulated, will enhance our understanding of contemporary Foreign Language Teaching characteristics. The primary data that make up the corpus analyzed here were generated during (i) Galanet sessions that occurred between February 2008 and December 2011, (ii) two training sessions for teachers on the platform Galapro, one held in November 2009 and another in November 2011, and (iii) classroom observations in Italian I and Italian III courses, given between 2008 and 2010. Secondary data that supports the analysis of primary data were generated in different teachers meetings, workshop and training courses organized by the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), the Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) and theAgência Universitária para a Francofonia (AUF) / Doutorado / Multiculturalismo, Plurilinguismo e Educação Bilingue / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Abstract This study explores self-regulated learning (SRL) in the learning context of a primary school. The research focus is on the occurrence and promotion of SRL. The research is a qualitative case study. The theoretical foundation rests on research into SRL and its promotion. The research context was provided by the pedagogical development of the UBIKO project, which took place at the Oulu University Teacher Training School (Oulun normaalikoulu). The data consists of the structured diaries of students from grades 4 and 5 (N = 90) and the thematic interviews and descriptions of the learning context by their teachers (N = 6). The analysis, carried out to clarify the meaning of the learning context, was boosted by samples based on the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) questionnaire. The results indicate that pupils are aware of their learning and they exploit different learning strategies during their learning. The modification of the learning context has a different impact on the motivation and strategy use of strategically low and high pupils. SRL can be promoted by creating a learning context that supports pupils in their planning, monitoring and evaluation processes. In terms of school development it is not enough to concentrate on single supportive elements – the systemic development the learning context (i.e. learning situation, physical environment and social architecture) also needs to be considered. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the skills and promotion of SRL among primary school pupils. The results offer research-based support for teachers, teacher trainees and school developers to meet the challenges of 21st century education. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstutkimus tarkastelee oppimisen itsesäätelyä alakoulun oppimiskontekstissa. Tutkimuskohteina ovat oppimisen itsesäätelyn ilmeneminen sekä sen kehittymisen tukeminen. Tutkimus on laadullinen tapaustutkimus, jonka teoreettinen tausta on oppimisen itsesäätelyn ja sen kehittymisen tutkimuksessa. Tutkimuskontekstina toimi Oulun yliopiston harjoittelukoulussa (Oulun normaalikoulu) toteutunut UBIKO-kehittämishanke, jonka aikana tapahtuneeseen pedagogiseen kehittämiseen tutkimus kohdentuu. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 4.–5.-luokkalaisilta oppilailta (N = 90) kerätyistä strukturoiduista päiväkirjoista sekä heidän opettajiensa (N = 6) oppimiskontekstia kuvaavista raporteista ja teemahaastatteluista. Lisäksi oppimiskontekstin merkityksen analyysia syvennettiin tarkastelemalla oppimisen itsesäätelyn ilmenemisen muutoksia Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) -kyselyn avulla oppilasjoukosta seulottujen otosten osalta. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat oppilaiden olevan tietoisia oppimiseensa liittyvistä tekijöistä, ja he hyödyntävät oppimisessaan erilaisia oppimisstrategioita. Tulosten perusteella oppimiskontekstissa tapahtuvat muutokset vaikuttavat eri tavoin strategisesti heikkojen ja vahvojen oppilaiden motivaatioon ja strategiseen toimintaan. Oppimisen itsesäätelyn kehittymistä voidaan tukea luomalla oppimiskontekstiin piirteitä, jotka vahvistavat oppilaiden oman toiminnan suunnittelua, tarkkailua ja arviointia. Koulun kehittämisen näkökulmasta yksittäisten elementtien lisäksi on huomioitava se systeeminen kokonaisuus, joka oppimistilanteen, fyysisen oppimisympäristön sekä sosiaalisen vuorovaikutuksen kautta oppimiskontekstiin muodostuu. Väitöstutkimuksen tulokset ja tutkimuskontekstin yksityiskohtainen esittely lisäävät ymmärrystä alakouluikäisten oppimisen itsesäätelytaidoista ja niiden kehittymisen tukemisesta. Tulokset auttavat opettajia, opettajankouluttajia ja muita koulun kehittäjiä vastaamaan tutkimusperustaisesti niihin vaatimuksiin, joita 2000-luvun koulutukselle on kansainvälisestikin asetettu.

Context: In recent years, more and more people have started showing an increasing interest in distance or web-based education. Some of the reasons for this are the improvement in information and communication technology, as well as advancement in computer networking infrastructures. However, although computer technology has played an important role for the development of distance learning management systems, the underlying goal of such systems is the delivery of competitive and qualitative education via the distance learning environment. There have been a number of research studies and investigations in the field of Computer supported collaborative learning. This particular study is focused on the challenges associated with task execution in a distance learning environment as perceived by graduate students at a university. Objectives: The main focus or rationale behind this study is to investigate the importance of computer mediated communication tools in a virtual learning environment, as well as the problems facing the teachers or facilitators in their attempt to help learners (students) in the process of task execution, and towards achieving the learning goals in a web-based learning system. Methods: The author has adopted a qualitative case study approach. Questionnaires were sent out to some of the graduate students of BTH that participated in the online course under investigation, “Work integrated e-learning”, and some of these students were interviewed as well. Interviews were also conducted with two professors of Informatics and active researchers in distributed or e-learning in a University in Sweden that has had many years of experience in providing distance learning education. The empirical material was then analyzed, using cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) as a theoretical framework Results: The results indicate that more communication and collaborative interaction is needed in the context of the studied e-learning management system. The students expected the provision of more video communication through the learning platform. Furthermore, the results show that the learning in the studied web-based environment is centered on the students.  Conclusions: The author concludes that in order to diminish the gap that exists between face-to-face learning/teaching and an e-learning environment, there is a need for the designers and facilitators of the e-learning management system to make this platform more interactive. Additionally, the author concludes that the concept of Open start free pace (OSFP) or strict deadlines may need to be introduced into distance learning education in order to solve the challenges facing the teachers and facilitators.

<!--[if !mso]> <object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object><mce:style><! st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --> Traditional education have for long been remaining without major changes made to the actual system. Up until very recently, there has been reluctance towards making fundamental and dramatic changes to the system, but as societies change and develop by mirroring on past experiences, new minds and new ways of thinking emerge suggesting changes and new developments. Consequently, new educational approaches such as e-learning and virtual learning have emerged. Lately, technology has been transforming and developing than ever before and the demand for modifying accordingly to new technology has become a prerequisite for all industries and institutions. Already with e-learning, a derived concept is worthy of notice. Authenticity, meaning validity and accuracy, has been imposed as one major issue when it comes to e-learning, and also v-learning. The main goal of this thesis is to present answers and suggestions to the following research questions: Ø  What value does a virtual education method create for the students? Ø  What implications are there for an education through Second Life and what is the significance of such an environment? Ø  What are the main auxiliary instruments or tools that enhance authenticity and the achievement of high presence in a virtual environment? This research adopted an inductive approach using a qualitative research. The characterizations of knowledge used were descriptive knowledge, normative knowledge, explanatory research and evaluating research for the respective research questions. As a result of collaborating with Kalmar University, Sweden’s first Second Life course “Oral Production” was observed and to intensify the results, an interview was held with the course’s lecturer. The results were thereon analyzed and scrutinized based on the Empirical Findings, Theoretical Framework – consisting of mainly pedagogical theories and of articles concerning virtual learning environments. The conclusion of this research entails the answers for the research questions. An education via a virtual environment is a development of e-learning, which is an enhancement of a traditional physical education. All students are persuaded to be active and participate in learning, which also promotes interconnectedness between students and teacher. Students can do role-playing and do presentations without feeling embarrassed about their “real” identities being represented. Main auxiliary instruments include virtual presentation boards, audio to communicate with each other and the avatar to direct the speech. Additionally, to enhance high presence in a virtual environment, involving all students with creative exercises seems to be another means in achieving high presence in a virtual environment.

La réalité virtuelle joue un rôle majeur dans le développement de nouvelles technologies de l’éducation, et permet de développer des environnements virtuels pour l’apprentissage, dans lesquels, des agents virtuels intelligents jouent le rôle de tuteur. Ces agents sont censés aider les utilisateurs humains à apprendre et appliquer des procédures ayant des objectifs d’apprentissage prédéfini dans différents domaines. Nous travaillons sur la construction d’un système temps-réel capable d’entamer une interaction naturelle avec un utilisateur dans un Environnement d’Apprentissage Virtuel (EAV). Afin d’implémenter ce modèle, nous proposons d’utiliser MASCARET (Multi-Agent System for Collaborative, Adaptive & Realistic Environments for Training) comme modèle d’Environnement Virtuel Intelligent (EVI) afin de représenter la base de connaissances des agents, et de modéliser la sémantique de l’environnement virtuel et des activités des utilisateurs. Afin de formaliser l’intention des agents, nous implémentons un module cognitif dans MASCARET inspiré par l’architecture BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) qui nous permet de générer des intentions de haut-niveau pour les agents. Dans notre modèle, ces agents sont représentés par des Agents Conversationnels Animés (ACA), qui sont basés sur la plateforme SAIBA (Situation, Agent, Intention, Behavior, Animation). Les agents conversationnels de l’environnement ont des intentions communicatives qui sont transmises à l’utilisateur via des canaux de communication naturels, notamment les actes communicatifs et les comportements verbaux et non-verbaux. Afin d’évaluer notre modèle, nous l’implémentons dans un scénario pédagogique concret pour l’apprentissage des procédures d’analyse de sang dans un laboratoire biomédical. Nous utilisons cette application afin de réaliser une expérimentation et une étude pour valider les propositions de notre modèle. L’hypothèse de notre étude est de supposer que la présence d’un ACA dans un Environnement Virtuel (EV) améliore la performance du processus d’apprentissage (ou qu’au moins, ça ne le dégrade pas) dans le contexte de l’apprentissage d’une procédure spécifique. La performance de l’utilisateur est représentée par le temps requis pour l’exécution de la procédure, le nombre d’erreurs commises et le nombre de demande d’assistance. Nous analysons les résultats de cette évaluation, ce qui confirme partiellement l’hypothèse de l’expérience et affirme que la présence de l’ACA dans l’EV ne dégrade pas la performance de l’apprenant dans le contexte de l’apprentissage d’une procédure. / Virtual Reality plays a major role in developing new educational methodologies, and allows to develop virtual environments for learning where intelligent virtual agents play the role of tutors. These agents are expected to help human users to learn and apply domain-specific procedures with predefined learning outcomes. We work on building a real-time system able to sustain natural interaction with the user in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). To implement this model, we propose to use the Multi-Agent System for Collaborative, Adaptive & Realistic Environments for Training (MASCARET) as an Intelligent Virtual Environment (IVE) model that provides the knowledge base to the agents and model the semantic of the virtual environment and user’s activities. To formalize the intention of the agents, we implement a cognitive module within MASCARET inspired by BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) architecture that permits us to generate high-level intentions for the agents. Furthermore, we integrate Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA), which are based on the SAIBA (Situation, Agent, Intention, Behavior, Animation) framework. The embodied agents of the environment have communicative intentions that are transmitted to the user through natural communication channels, namely the verbal and non-verbal communicative acts and behaviors of the ECAs. To evaluate our model, we implement it in a concrete pedagogical scenario for learning blood analysis procedures in a biomedical laboratory. We use this application to settle an experiment to validate the propositions of our model. The hypothesis of this experiment is to assume that the presence of anECA in a Virtual Environment (VE) enhances the learning performance (or at least does not degrade it) in the context of a learning procedure. The performance is represented by the time of execution, the number of committed errors and the number of requests for assistance. We analyze the results of this evaluation, which partially confirms the hypothesis of the experiment and assure that having an ECA in the VLE does not degrade the performance of the learner in the context of a learning procedure.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe perceptions and explain background factors relating to the clinical learning environment and mentoring of culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students. The study included two phases: instrument development and a cross-sectional study. The instrument development phase consisted of a conceptualization process, which included two systematic reviews with thematic synthesis; generation of items for two new instruments, Cultural and Linguistic Diversity scale and Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Mentoring scale, and psychometric testing of these newly developed scales. The cross-sectional phase was completed by collecting data from: (a) students (n = 329) studying in English-language nursing degree programmes from eight Finnish universities of applied sciences during autumn 2015 and spring 2016; and (b) mentors (n = 323) of culturally and linguistically diverse students from five Finnish university hospitals during spring 2016. In addition to the two newly developed instruments, two commonly used instruments Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale and Mentors’ Competence Instrument were used for the main data collection. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, a nonparametric test and a binary logistic regression analysis. The psychometric properties of the instruments had good validity and reliability. Students’ perceptions on the level of their clinical learning environment and mentoring were lower than their mentors’ perceptions of their own mentoring competence. The level of language was the most common factor relating to the outcomes of culturally and linguistically diverse students’ clinical learning environment and mentoring. Future studies on culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students in the clinical environment should have a marked emphasis on improving proficiency in the native language, which should be implemented in the organizational structure of the clinical placements. This should include providing additional education for clinical mentors to enhance their mentoring competence with culturally and linguistically diverse students. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja selittää eri kulttuureista ja kielellisistä taustoista tulevien hoitotyön opiskelijoiden kliinistä oppimisympäristöä ja ohjausta. Tutkimuksessa oli kaksi vaihetta: mittarin kehittäminen ja poikkileikkaustutkimus. Mittarin kehittämiseksi ilmiö käsitteellistettiin, mikä toteutettiin kahtena systemaattisena katsauksena. Katsausaineistot analysoitiin temaattisella synteesillä. Tämän jälkeen muodostettiin mittarit operationalisoimalla käsitteet väittämiksi. Mittareita kehitettiin kaksi: Kulttuurinen ja kielellinen monimuotoisuus- mittari sekä Kulttuurinen ja kielellinen monimuotoisuus opiskelijaohjauksessa -mittari. Mittareiden kehittämisvaiheessa niiden psykometriset ominaisuudet testattiin. Poikkileikkaustutkimus toteutettiin keräämällä kyselyaineisto (a) opiskelijoilta, jotka opiskelivat englannin kielellä opetettavissa sairaanhoidon tutkinto-ohjelmissa kahdeksassa suomalaisessa ammattikorkeakoulussa syksyn 2015 ja kevään 2016 aikana (n = 329); sekä (b) eri kulttuureista tulevien opiskelijoiden ohjaajilta viidestä suomalaisesta yliopistosairaalasta kevään 2016 aikana (n = 323). Aineistot kerättiin ensimmäisessä vaiheessa kehitetyillä mittareilla sekä kahdella yleisessä käytössä olevalla mittarilla, Terveysalan koulutukseen liittyvän harjoittelun ohjauksen laatu -mittarilla sekä Opiskelijanohjausosaaminen -mittarilla. Aineisto analysoitiin käyttämällä kuvailevaa tilastoanalyysiä, ei-parametrisiä testejä ja binääristä logistista regressioanalyysiä. Tutkimuksessa kehitettyjen mittareiden psykometriset ominaisuudet olivat hyvät. Opiskelijoiden ohjaajat arvioivat oman osaamisensa korkeammalle kuin opiskelijat. Opiskelijat arvioivat sekä heidän kliinisen oppimisympäristönsä että ohjauksensa tason ohjaajien arvioita alhaisemmaksi. Kielitaito oli yleisin tekijä, joka vaikutti opiskelijoiden näkemyksiin kliinisestä oppimisympäristöstä ja ohjauksesta. Englannin kielellä opetettavissa tutkinto-ohjelmissa tulisi painottaa opiskelijoiden riittävää paikallisen kielen kielitaitoa. Tämän lisäksi kliinisen harjoittelun ohjaajien tulisi saada koulutusta eri kulttuurillisista taustoista tulevien opiskelijoiden ohjaukseen.