Many of today’s schools are caught at the center of a perfect storm fueled by the pressures from a more demanding public, increased governmental accountability, warring political factions, shrinking resources, and new technologies and methodologies. Proponents of Quality Management/Continuous Improvement (QM/CI) have championed the philosophy for over two decades as a solution for addressing these kinds of pressures and systems problems. Unfortunately, QM/CI theory remains underdeveloped and subsequently often fails to align with or guide practice. Detert, Louis, and Schroeder propose that QM/CI theory is best explored through the organizational culture framework that borrows heavily from the work of Edgar Schein. According to Schein, organizational culture exists at the multiple levels of espoused values, material artifacts and creations, and underlying assumptions (deeply held organizational values that guide the norms of behavior). Detert and colleagues contend that there are “nine” core values that define the efficacy of QM/CI in school cultures. To assess the viability of these values, as lived out in the Leander ISD, Leander, Texas, the study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, and was both confirmatory and exploratory in research intent. The Nine Core Values were examined through surveys, purposefully selected interviews, a review of the quality literature, on-site observations, and school documents, with the results triangulated to derive the findings and conclusions. Deeply and widely held values should be observable throughout the multiple levels of culture, expressed through espoused values, material artifacts and creations, and practices that reflect the norms of behavior. The findings and conclusions suggest that the first eight of the Nine Core Values are lived out in the Leander ISD as identifiable norms of behavior: shared vision, outside stakeholder involvement in educational decision-making, long term commitment, continuous improvement, employee involvement in improving the school, collaboration, fact-based decision-making, and focusing on processes rather than people. The ninth Core Value, “Quality can be improved within existing resources”, could not be corroborated across the methodological triangulations. The study also unearthed two additional Core Values, one associated with the organizational learning dimension of QM/CI, and a second incorporating the elimination of fear and blame.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T17:53:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andreamoreiradasilva.pdf: 1308217 bytes, checksum: eb9d0eda83cba329e7120379dde85a32 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-22T11:50:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andreamoreiradasilva.pdf: 1308217 bytes, checksum: eb9d0eda83cba329e7120379dde85a32 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-22T12:01:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andreamoreiradasilva.pdf: 1308217 bytes, checksum: eb9d0eda83cba329e7120379dde85a32 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T12:01:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andreamoreiradasilva.pdf: 1308217 bytes, checksum: eb9d0eda83cba329e7120379dde85a32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-07 / Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender os saberes produzidos pelos professores de Geografia e as concepções sobre avaliação da aprendizagem apresentadas pelos professores e professoras de Geografia do Ensino Médio das escolas públicas de Juiz de Fora (MG). O interesse por esta pesquisa justifica-se, de modo específico, em decorrência do fato de o campo da Geografia Escolar apresentar carências de estudos acerca das relações entre as práticas avaliativas escolares e os saberes docentes. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa sobre saberes docentes é essencial e vem contribuir para que os professores reconheçam com maior clareza os diversos saberes da docência, melhorando, assim, a maneira como atuam na escola e, consequentemente, na sala de aula. Optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa para o levantamento dos dados, uma vez que, para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, foi necessária uma aproximação direta do pesquisador com o ambiente próprio, a escola, e com os sujeitos investigados, os professores. Através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, registraram-se os dados desta pesquisa, que foram classificados e analisados através de 12 categorias: 1) Avaliação para auferir resultados; 2) Avaliação como processo contínuo; 3) Avaliação como autoavaliação e reorientação da prática pedagógica; 4) Avaliação como norma institucional; 5) Avaliação para promoção de um ano de escolaridade para outro; 6) Avaliação coercitiva; 7) Avaliação preparatória para o vestibular; 8) Avaliação dissertativa; 9) Avaliação como forma de adquirir responsabilidade (hábito de estudo); 10) Averiguação de competências e habilidades; 11) Avaliação objetiva para facilitar correção; 12) Avaliação da participação/comportamento/empenho do aluno. Utilizamos como referencial teórico conceitos e análises sobre a temática avaliação da aprendizagem escolar desenvolvidos pelos seguintes estudiosos: Regina Cazaux Haydt, Jussara Hoffmann, Maria Tereza Esteban, Cipriano C. Luckesi, José Carlos Libâneo e Philippe Perrenoud. Por meio do diálogo entre esses autores e os dados apresentados pelos docentes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas de Juiz de Fora, nas entrevistas, constatamos a presença de uma cultura escolar própria que, em muitas situações, diverge das concepções teóricas dos estudiosos sobre avaliação da aprendizagem escolar. Embora alguns docentes tangenciem a concepção formativa, em outras situações revelam praticar uma avaliação classificatória. / This research intended to comprehend the knowledges produced by Geography teachers also the conceptions of learning evaluation presented by public High School Geography teachers of Juiz de Fora (MG). The interest in this research is justified, in a specific way, due to the fact of the Geography Educational field bring up a lack of studies about the relations between the school assessment practices and the teaching knowledge. We believe this research about teaching knowledge is essential besides can contribute for the teachers recognize more clearly the various teaching knowledge, improving, therefore, the way how they act in the school, hence, in the classroom. We choose a qualitative approach to gather data for the development of this research, once a direct approach of the researcher was required with the own environment, the school, and the studied subjects, the teachers. Through semi-structured interviews, the data from this survey were registered, which were labeled and analyzed by 12 categories: 1) Evaluation to reap results; 2) Evaluation as a continuous process; 3) Evaluation as self-assessment and reorientation of the pedagogical practice; 4) Evaluation as an institucional norm; 5) Evaluation for promotion of one year schooling to another; 6) Coercive evaluation; 7) Preparatory evaluation for college entrance; 8) Assessment test; 9) Evaluation as a way to acquaire resposibility (study habit); 10) Investigative and abilities skills; 11) Objective evaluation to facilitate correction; 12) Evaluation of participation/ behavior/ commitment of the student. We used as a theoretical concepts and analysis on the thematic evaluation of school learning developed by the following scholars: Regina Cazaux Haydt, Jussara Hoffmann, Maria Tereza Esteban, Cipriano C. Luckesi, José Carlos Libâneo e Philippe Perrenoud. Through dialog between these authors and the data presented by the teachers of the third year of public High Schools in Juiz de Fora, in interviews, we found the presence of its own educational culture that in many situations differs from the theoretical conceptions of scholars on evaluation of school learning. Althoguh some teachers show a formative conception, in other situation they practice a classificatory evaluation.

<p>This dissertation is about leader development. It focuses on similarities and differences between contents in different in-house leader development programs, and on how these programs are organized. The purpose is to contribute knowledge about leader development in Swedish working life, by describing and analyzing different organizations’ ways of doing leader development from a context-actor perspective. Very little research has been undertaken about leader development from a comparative perspective, although leader development is a question of current interest, and can be viewed as a fashion now in the beginning of the 21st century. The context-actor perspective that I use as theoretical point of departure is influenced partly by Bhaskar’s transformational model of social activity, partly by institutional theory and the notion of isomorphic processes, containing powers in the context of the organization in combination with local actors. An educational culture is seen as a single organization’s specific way to manage leader development. The dissertation is chiefly based on a case study of six organizations’ leader development. I have interviewed 13 persons that had the responsibility for creating, carrying out and developing leader development efforts in these organizations. I also studied different documents from these organizations, and observed when actors from one of the organizations met their colleagues from similar organizations for discussions concerning leader development. The analysis of the data has had a distinct feature of abduction, and I used eight constructed aspects and 131 variables when comparing the organizations. My results suggest that the organizations’ educational cultures had both overarching similarities and considerable differences. The deeper I probed into the ways in which the organizations did leader development, the more specific details I found. Most of the dissimilarities that appeared in the comparison turned out to be exclusive to specific organizations rather then to groups of organizations. The organizational level appeared as the most important context for shaping the specific characteristic of the different leader development programs. Likewise, the branch level and national level seem to play a central role, but the sector level turned out to be the context with the least importance for the organizations’ ways of doing leader development. For the national level it is possible to argue that the similarities the organizations showed may constitute an example of the spirit of the times and everyday talk about leader development that can be found in Swedishworking life. The actors turned out to be part of the organizations’ human resources, and they were not seldom human resource managers and women. It was above all these actors that had the responsibility for and organized the leader development. The interplay between the actors and the context can be described in terms of the actors as creators of culture and bearers of culture respectively. There is consequently a potential for both transformation and reproduction as a result of the interplay between the powers that contexts and actors constitute. From the actors’ statements it is obvious that they saw themselves as active actors. Overall, the research indicates that it is reasonable to describe an organization’s educational culture as a result of how the actors have interacted with different contexts. The existence of certain leader development ideals in Swedish working life is not necessarily a determining factor for how a single actor chooses to work with the leader development in a certain organization, though it depends on the latter.</p>

This dissertation is about leader development. It focuses on similarities and differences between contents in different in-house leader development programs, and on how these programs are organized. The purpose is to contribute knowledge about leader development in Swedish working life, by describing and analyzing different organizations’ ways of doing leader development from a context-actor perspective. Very little research has been undertaken about leader development from a comparative perspective, although leader development is a question of current interest, and can be viewed as a fashion now in the beginning of the 21st century. The context-actor perspective that I use as theoretical point of departure is influenced partly by Bhaskar’s transformational model of social activity, partly by institutional theory and the notion of isomorphic processes, containing powers in the context of the organization in combination with local actors. An educational culture is seen as a single organization’s specific way to manage leader development. The dissertation is chiefly based on a case study of six organizations’ leader development. I have interviewed 13 persons that had the responsibility for creating, carrying out and developing leader development efforts in these organizations. I also studied different documents from these organizations, and observed when actors from one of the organizations met their colleagues from similar organizations for discussions concerning leader development. The analysis of the data has had a distinct feature of abduction, and I used eight constructed aspects and 131 variables when comparing the organizations. My results suggest that the organizations’ educational cultures had both overarching similarities and considerable differences. The deeper I probed into the ways in which the organizations did leader development, the more specific details I found. Most of the dissimilarities that appeared in the comparison turned out to be exclusive to specific organizations rather then to groups of organizations. The organizational level appeared as the most important context for shaping the specific characteristic of the different leader development programs. Likewise, the branch level and national level seem to play a central role, but the sector level turned out to be the context with the least importance for the organizations’ ways of doing leader development. For the national level it is possible to argue that the similarities the organizations showed may constitute an example of the spirit of the times and everyday talk about leader development that can be found in Swedishworking life. The actors turned out to be part of the organizations’ human resources, and they were not seldom human resource managers and women. It was above all these actors that had the responsibility for and organized the leader development. The interplay between the actors and the context can be described in terms of the actors as creators of culture and bearers of culture respectively. There is consequently a potential for both transformation and reproduction as a result of the interplay between the powers that contexts and actors constitute. From the actors’ statements it is obvious that they saw themselves as active actors. Overall, the research indicates that it is reasonable to describe an organization’s educational culture as a result of how the actors have interacted with different contexts. The existence of certain leader development ideals in Swedish working life is not necessarily a determining factor for how a single actor chooses to work with the leader development in a certain organization, though it depends on the latter.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 8074510 bytes, checksum: e7252b544ff41d9f30887199b55a9c8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aimed the central focus of educational experiences developed by the Piollin School - now under the name Piollin Cultural Center - with reference to the journey lived by Piollin since its founding in 1977 until the year 1984 - when its main proponent withdraws the institution. We found during the research that in this period its main articulators were imbued with the desire to create a "movement" to represent them as part of paraibana youth artistic, they wanted to try other forms of access to education and culture during the 1970s still under military regime and the early resumption of politics in Brazil. The methodology of analysis and interpretation, we made the comparison of written sources that were part of the set of documents in the custody of Piollin. In addition, we worked with the methodology of oral history by interviewing. The analysis of these sources has allowed us to look closer into the educational culture and conceptions of education that guided the pedagogical practice of the institution during the studied period. The theoretical framework was based on an exploratory perspective through which we seek to work with the concepts of Culture and Education Non-formal education in order to understand their educational practices, correlating the experiences of Piollin School with the idea of Ivan Illich (1985). Thus, this study falls within the field of History of Education with regard to both research on the history of educational institutions and on experiences of non-formal educational practices. / Esta dissertação tem como foco central apreender as experiências educativas desenvolvidas pela Escola Piollin - hoje sob a denominação de Centro Cultural Piollin - apresentando como referência a jornada percorrida pela Piollin desde a sua fundação em 1977 até o ano de 1984 quando seu principal idealizador se afastou da instituição. Constatou-se ao longo da pesquisa que nesse período seus principais articuladores estiveram imbuídos do desejo de criação de um movimento que os representasse como parte da juventude artística paraibana, que desejava experimentar outras formas de acesso à educação e cultura, durante os anos de 1970, ainda sob o regime militar, e os primeiros anos de reabertura política no Brasil. Como metodologia de análise e interpretação, privilegiou-se o cotejo de fontes escritas que faziam parte do conjunto documental sob a guarda da Piollin. Além disso, trabalhou-se com a metodologia da história oral, por meio de entrevistas temáticas. A análise destas fontes possibilitou uma aproximação com a cultura educacional e com as concepções de educação que orientavam a prática pedagógica da Instituição no período pesquisado. O referencial teórico pautou-se numa perspectiva exploratória, por meio da qual se buscou trabalhar com os conceitos de Cultura Educacional e Educação não formal visando compreender suas práticas educativas, correlacionando as experiências da Escola Piollin com a ideia de desescolarização de Ivan Illich (1985). Assim, este estudo insere-se no campo da História da Educação, no que diz respeito tanto às pesquisas sobre a história das instituições educacionais quanto sobre experiências de práticas educativas não formais.

Dissertação(Mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2009. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-07-23T20:37:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandre cougo de cougo.pdf: 3448516 bytes, checksum: 2bbf79016cb65ffd3d21b994cc70ee01 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-07-25T00:34:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandre cougo de cougo.pdf: 3448516 bytes, checksum: 2bbf79016cb65ffd3d21b994cc70ee01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-25T00:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandre cougo de cougo.pdf: 3448516 bytes, checksum: 2bbf79016cb65ffd3d21b994cc70ee01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Esta pesquisa apresenta a compreensão dos sentidos da escola e do lugar da EJA nos percursos de vida de dois jovens educandos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que assume o caráter constitutivo de um texto narrativo. A construção metodológica incorpora os meandros da pesquisa narrativa, através da abordagem (auto)biográfica e das Histórias de Vida enquanto possibilidade de investigação e formação, bem como na utilização dos diários dos momentos do narrador-pesquisador. O suporte teórico prático pautou-se na dialogicidade entre as concepções paradigmáticas da Pesquisa Narrativa, da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, da Educação Ambiental e da Juventude. Desta forma, a escuta das histórias de vida dos jovens educandos e o processo de análise das mesmas possibilitou a(re)escrita particularizada das duas trajetórias, a demarcação de múltiplos sentidos manifestados e o posterior entrecruzamento dos sentidos apreendidos. As narrativas revelaram a presença marcada da experiência da vida escolar na infância – a Escola do Sol – nas trajetórias de vida dos jovens estudantes, da mesma forma que destacaram a Escola da Lua – o espaço da educação de jovens e adultos – como lugar imprescindível para o sonho e a constituição do projeto de vida. A Escola do Sol surge caracterizada como um espaço paradoxal na narrativa das vivências, uma vez que permite a retomada de lembranças positivas ligadas ao afeto e às relações estabelecidas no seio da escola, mas também perpassa a retomada da experiência do fracasso escolar e da culpabilização do jovem por este insucesso. A Escola da Lua, por sua vez, é narrada pelos jovens como espaço de ascensão e transformação social e existencial, demarcando a instituição escolar como o lugar da busca pelo progresso pessoal, pela profissionalização, e conquista dos sonhos e da felicidade. Nesta escrita, a Escola da Lua fez-se tempo, e fez-se espelho, recriando um mundo projetado para os jovens e adultos narradores de sonhos. / This research presents the comprehension of the reason of school and the place of “EJA” in the course of life of two young students. It deals with a valuable research, which presents a constructive character of a narrative text. This methodological construction annexes the windings of a narrative research, through an (auto) biography approaching and through the Life Stories, while being a possibility of information and investigation, as well as through the utilization of the narrator-researcher‟s diaries. The theoretical-practical support has been supported through the dialogue between the paradigm concepts of Narrative Research, Education of Young and Adults, Environmental Education and Younth. Thus, listening to life stories from young students and their analyzing process has made possible the particular (re) writing of both pathways, the demarcation of multiple manifested reasons and the later interconnection of the learned reasons. The narratives reveal the significant presence of the childhood‟s school-time experiences – the text “Escola do Sol” – in the young students‟ pathways of life, in the same way that they emphasize the other one, “Escola da Lua” – the space of education of young and adults – as an indispensible place to dream and construct their life projects. The text “Escola do Sol” emerges with characteristics of a paradoxical space in the narrative of the lived experiences, once it allows retake some positive memories connected to the effect and to the relations established in the educational environment, though it also retakes the fact of failing and, as a result, having the students blamed for this unsuccessful happenings. Referring now to “Escola da Lua”, this text is narrated by the young people as a way of ascendancy and of social and existential transformation, delimitating the educational institution as a place for personal growth, professionalization, and for the achievement of dreams and happiness. In this work, “Escola da Lua” became time mark and roll model, recreating a world projected for the narrators of dreams, the students.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotalThiago.pdf: 1678127 bytes, checksum: c4cef957ce5ccb3069f3427ab7ea0349 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this dissertation we discussed the form that the education/instruction was considered in the press of Paraíba in the nineteenth century, point out the aspects of the educational and political cultures in the Province of Parahyba do Norte. The documental corpus used as support for this work was the editorials of the newspapers of Paraiba, available in the Historical and Geographicof Paraiba Institute and in Digital Hemeroteca of the National Library. Also used, in a smaller proportion, were the Province Presidents Reports in the decade of 1880. The range proposed for the elaboration of the present work is the years started from 1881 until 1889. Due the characteristics of our sources this was the moment in that was possible to delimit an educational debate among conservator and liberal parties. Our goal was to understand the educational culture spread through the texts of the political agents and journalists of Paraíba. We observed the speeches of conservatives and liberates, pointing out the divergences and similarities between them. Taking into account the accessibility to the impressed material of the epoch, we can say that the press of the nineteenth century had a considerable broadcast, being responsible for the popularization of ideas and speeches, besides, probably, it was one of the only channel of communication of this period. In the pages of the nineteenth century press was presented the everyday of the society, in special the themes related to the politics and the disputes of the parties. Among the considered themes, the instruction was the protagonist in several moments, being a frequent subject and source of intense debates. This work is related to the Program of Masters degree in History of the Federal University of Paraíba, in the branch of History Teaching and Historical Known. / Nessa dissertação discutimos a forma pela qual a instrução/educação era retratada na imprensa paraibana oitocentista, evidenciando os aspectos da cultura educacional e das culturas políticas na Província da Parahyba do Norte. O corpus documental utilizado como suporte para este trabalho foi os editoriais presentes nos jornais paraibanos, localizados no Instituto Histórico Geográfico Paraibano e na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional. Também utilizados, em proporção menor, temos os Relatórios dos Presidentes de Província da década de 1880. O recorte proposto para a escrita desse trabalho compreendeu os anos de 1881 a 1889. Em virtude das características das nossas fontes este foi o momento em que foi possível delimitar um debate educacional entre os Partidos Conservador e Liberal. Buscamos apreender a cultura educacional difundida pelos agentes políticos e jornalistas paraibanos através dos seus escritos. Observamos as falas de conservadores e liberais, apontando suas divergências e similaridades. Levando em consideração a acessibilidade ao material impresso da época, podemos dizer que a imprensa oitocentista teve um alcance considerável, sendo responsável pela divulgação de ideias e discursos, além de, provavelmente, ter sido um dos únicos meios de comunicação deste período. Em suas páginas era retratado o cotidiano da sociedade, principalmente os temas ligados à política e as disputas partidárias. Entre os temas abordados a instrução assumiu o protagonismo em inúmeros momentos, sendo assunto recorrente e palco de intensos debates. Nosso trabalho está vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, na linha de Ensino de História e Saberes Históricos.

Cette étude porte sur les cultures métalinguistiques dans l’enseignement et l’apprentissage des langues en Corée du Sud, en particulier pour le français, dans l’enseignement secondaire. Cette recherche a pour objectif d’identifier les caractéristiques de la culture éducative en jeu dans l’enseignement des langues au travers des instructions officielles, livres du professeur et manuels des trois langues (coréen, anglais, français). Dans le contexte scolaire coréen, les apprenants de français suivent les mêmes parcours linguistiques que leur enseignant (coréen langue maternelle, anglais première langue étrangère, seule possible). Nous avons essayé de déterminer l’influence de l’ordre de ce déroulement pour l’apprentissage (coréen, anglais, français), en examinant les discours pédagogiques et les descriptions linguistiques qui figurent dans les manuels des trois langues, tous conformes aux normes de la 7ème Réforme du curriculum. Plus particulièrement, nous pensons avoir montré, par une analyse des livres du professeur et des manuels de français, en quoi les cultures métalinguistiques et éducatives repérables dans l’enseignement du français sont influencées par les cultures métalinguistiques et éducatives qui interviennent lors de l’apprentissage des langues coréennes et anglaises. Les auteurs coréens de manuels de français font appel à des notions provenant de la description des langues coréenne et anglaise, quand il n’y a pas d’équivalent entre langue cible et langue source. / This study bears on the metalinguistic culture that can be found in the teaching of languages in South Korea, at the level of secondary school, especially concerning French. This research aims at identifying which kind of educational culture is involved in the teaching of foreign languages as dispensed in the official instructions and the teacher’s guides and textbooks on the three languages [Korean, English, French]. In the school context, Korean learners follow the very same course in their study of foreign languages as their teachers previously did [Korean native tongue, English as only possible first foreign language]. We tried to determine whether there is an influence related to the order of this obligatory learning sequence [Korean, English, French], by examining the pedagogical discourses and linguistic descriptions which appear in the textbooks on the three languages, all texts coming from the 7th Reform of the curriculum. More particularly, we think we have shown, on the basis of an analysis of the textbooks and teacher’s guides on French, in which way metalinguistic and educational cultures that can be detected in the teaching of French are influenced by the metalinguistic and educational cultures which were referred to during the learning of Korean and English languages. The Korean authors of textbooks on French call upon concepts coming from the description of Korean or English languages, when there is no available equivalent between the target language and the source language.

Cette recherche doctorale relève du domaine de la didactique des langues et des cultures, mais elle s’inspire également du domaine des sciences de l’éducation. Elle a pour objet d’étude les pratiques d’enseignement de la grammaire dans le contexte scolaire de l’Angleterre. La spécificité de ce contexte réside dans le fait que les apprenants font peu, voire pas, de grammaire au cycle primaire. Dès lors, c’est dès l’entrée au collège, avec l’apprentissage de la première langue étrangère, que les élèves sont initiés à des réflexions de type métalinguistique. Notre recherche ambitionne de comprendre de quelle façon les enseignants de langues étrangères amènent les apprenants à développer une conscience métalinguistique dans ce contexte particulier. Nous souhaitons déterminer si les enseignants usent de stratégies particulières pour pallier l’absence de compétences métalinguistiques explicites chez leurs apprenants. Pour cela, nous avons mené une recherche de terrain de nature qualitative et exploratoire en privilégiant une approche holistique, écologique et interdisciplinaire qui prend en compte les leçons de langues étrangères les plus enseignées au collège (allemand, espagnol, français). Les données recueillies ¬ observations de classes et entretiens semi-directifs ¬ ont fait émerger des axes d’analyse qui éclairent les pratiques grammaticales des enseignants et donnent des pistes pour une didactique contextualisée. / This doctoral research work is embedded in the field of applied linguistics but it is also based on Educational Sciences research. Its main goal is to study grammar teaching practices in the school context of England. The specificity of this field lies in the fact that learners are only slightly exposed to explicit grammar learning during primary school. Therefore, they are trained to think about language as they start their first modern foreign language lessons at school. Our research aims at understanding in what ways modern foreign language teachers bring their students to develop their language awareness in this particular context. We wish to figure out whether teachers use peculiar strategies to make up for the lack of metalinguistic awareness of their students. To do so, we conducted an exploratory and qualitative field research built on a holistic, ecological and interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the various foreign languages taught at school (German, Spanish and French). The collected data (MFL classroom observations and teachers semi-structured interviews) has revealed interesting analytical perspectives which bring light on teachers’grammar practices.

本研究旨在探討國民中學校長教學領導、教師領導與家庭教養文化對學生表現之影響。首先，要了解國民中學校長教學領導與教師領導之現況；其次，探討不同家庭背景學生對家庭教養文化知覺的差異情形；再者，分析校長教學領導、教師領導、家庭教養文化與學生學業成就之間的相關情形；最後，利用結構方程式以校長教學領導與家庭教養文化為外衍變項；學校文化、學生參與和認同與學生學業成就為內衍變項，探討各變項之間的直間接效果，並找出對學生表現預測力最強的因素。 本研究以九十五學年度台南市立國民中學之教師與學生為研究對象，並以研究者譯自國外重要問卷編制而成之「學校情形與領導調查問卷」和「學生參與和家庭環境調查問卷」為研究工具，有效樣本為858份，包括教師236位與學生622位。根據受試者之填答結果再分別以平均數、標準差、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關以及結構方程模式（SEM）等統計方法，進行資料處理分析。 本研究獲致之結論如下： 一、 國民中學教師對校長教學領導之知覺為中度表現。 二、 國民中學教師對教師領導之知覺為中度表現。 三、 不同家庭背景之國民中學學生對於家庭教養文化的知覺有顯著差異。 四、 國中校長教學領導與學生學業成就有正相關。 五、 國中教師領導與學生學業成就有正相關。 六、 家庭教養文化與學生學業成就有正相關。 七、 本研究所假設的結構模型在LISREL整體適配度考驗下，為一可接受模型，並可顯示出各變項之間的直間接效果。尤其，家庭教養文化對於學生表現有高度的預測力；而校長教學領導與教師領導必須透過學校文化才能對學生表現造成顯著影響。 最後，根據研究結果提出具體建議，以作為教育行政主管機關、國民中學校長、教師、家長以及未來相關研究之參考。 / The Study of the Effects of Junior High School Principal Instructional Leadership, Teacher Leadership, and Family Educational Culture on Student Performances The goal of the study is to explore the relationship among junior high school principal instructional leadership, teacher leadership, family educational culture and student performances. First of all, to understand the common situation of principal instructional leadership and teacher leadership in Tainan municipal junior high school. And then, to explore the differences between students’ perceptions toward family educational cultures and students’ family backgrounds, including brother and sisters’ number in family, family organization type, parents’ education degree, and parents’ occupation. Next, to analyze the correlation between principal instructional leadership ＆student achievement, teacher leadership＆student achievement, and family educational culture＆student achievement. Finally, to use the Structural equation modeling to exam the feasibility of the hypothetical model, and through the path analysis to find out the direct and indirect effects between each variable. There were 858 valid cases, including 236 teachers and 622 students. The returned data were analyzed by statistical methods such as “ Mean”, “Standard Deviation”, “One-Way ANOVA”, “Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation”, and“ Structural Equation Modeling”. The major results were summarized as follows: 1. The entire performance of principal instructional leadership in Tainan municipal junior high school is at middle degree. 2. The entire performance of teacher leadership in Tainan municipal junior high school is at middle degree, too. 3. There are obvious differences between students’ perceptions toward family educational cultures and students’ family backgrounds. 4. There is a positive correlation between principal instructional leadership and student achievement. 5. There is a positive correlation between teacher leadership and student achievement. 6. There is a positive correlation between family educational culture and student achievement. 7. Through the LISREL test, improving the hypothetical model in our research could be acceptable, and it could show the direct and indirect effects between variables. We also find out that family educational culture is the most powerful predicator to student performances in the study. At last, to bring up some concrete suggestions according to the study outcomes as references for governmental institution for education, junior high school principals, junior high school teachers and parents, and correlated study in the future.