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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Byggnadsutformningens påverkan på den specifika energianvändningen / The impact of building design on the specifik energy use

Karerwa, Eddy Sage January 2021 (has links)
Examensarbetets syfte var att undersöka hur en byggnadsutformning påverkar den specifika energianvändningen. Det gjordes genom att simulera olika modeller av en förskola i IDA ICE. Underlaget för studien var förskolan Teleskopet som befann sig i stadsdelen Tavleliden i Umeå som illustrerades av modeller i IDA ICE för att sedan göra energibalansberäkningar. Fyra modeller med olika formfaktorer byggdes i IDA ICE. Ett enplanshus, ett tvåplanshus, ett treplanshus och ett fyrplanshus simulerades för att sedan bestämma hur formfaktor i förhållande till den specifika energianvändningen varierade. Modellerna som simulerades i IDA ICE behövde ha identiska brukarindata för att bara formfaktor skulle ändras. Således användes Boverkets föreskrifter om ändring av verkets föreskrifter och allmänna råd (2016:12) om fastställande av byggnadens energianvändning vid normalt brukande och ett normalår(BEN 2),Boverkets föreskrifter om ändring i boverkets byggregler (2011:6) -föreskrifter och allmänna råd; bfs 2020:4(BBR 29) och Umeå tekniska anvisningar från Umeå Kommun fastighet. Generellt sett visade det sig att enplanshus hade högre formfaktor jämfört med de andra modellerna. Studien visade att från en formfaktor på 2.4 till en formfaktor på 0.9 minskade den specifika energianvändningen med 4.9[ kWh/m2,år ]. Från samma studie kunde man också visa att om man ökade persontätheten från [ 0.33pers/m2,Atemp ] till [ 0.5pers/m2,Atemp ] kunde man spara 5.3[ kWh/m2,år ] på den specifika energianvändningen. Sammanfattningsvis är val av byggnadsutformning och persontäthet viktigt för att avgöra energiprestanda på byggnaden. Studien visar att ju lägre formfaktor samt högre persontätheten i en och samma byggnad påverkar byggnadens energianvändning med en total minskning på 5.3[ kWh/m2,år ]. / The purpose of the thesis project was to investigate how a building design affects it specific energy use. This was done by simulating different models of one preschool in IDA ICE. The basis for the study was the preschool Teleskopet which was located in the district Tavleliden in Umeå which was illustrated by models in IDA ICE and then make energy balance calculations.Four models with different form factors were built in IDA ICE. A single-storey house, a two-storey house, a three-storey house and a four-storey house were simulated to then determine the form factor in relation to the specific energy use varied. The models simulated in IDA ICE needed to have identical user data so that the form factor would change.The National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s regulations on changing the board of directors were used, regulations and general guidelines (2016: 12) on the determination of the building energy use during normal use and a normal year (BEN 2), the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s regulations on changes in the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s building regulations (2011: 6) regulations and general guidelines; bfs 2020: 4 (BBR 29) and Umeå technical instructions from Umeå Municipality property were taken into consideration.In general, it turned out that single-storey houses had a higher form factor compared to those other models.The study showed that from a form factor of 2.4 to a form factor of0.9 it reduced the specific energy consumption by 4.9[ kWh/m2,year ]. The same study also showed that if one increased the person density from [ 0.33pers/m2,Atemp ] to [ 0.5pers/m2,Atemp ] resulted in a decrease of 5.3[ kWh/m2,year ] on the specific energy use. In conclusion,the choice of building design and person density is important to determine the energy performance of the building. The study showed that the lower the form factor and the higher the density of persons in one and the same building were, had an effect on the building’s energy use by one total reduction of 5.3 [ kWh/m2,year].
72

Klimatanpassning av en skolbyggnad : Genom simuleringar utifrån framtidens klimatförändringar

Sammeli, Matilda January 2022 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to examine what impact future climate change and raised temperatures will have on current building design and how they can be adapted to the future climate change in terms of energy use, indoor temperature and thermal comfort by using passive solutions. This was carried out by a case study of a school building located in the Uppsala- Stockholm area, which was modeled in the energy simulation tool IDA ICE 4.8. The building was then compared in today’s (2020) climate to the future (2080) climate based on future weather data representing IPCCS’s RCP 8,5 scenario for the year of 2080, followed by an assessment of several climate adaption measures in the future climate. The result showed a future climate much warmer than the one today, with a monthly average temperature up to 1,5 degrees higher. This led to the school building being overheated for 703 hours during the period of April-September in the future climate, in comparison to 20 hours in today’s climate, regarding mean air temperature. The energy usage of the building showed a smaller heat demand for the 2080 climate but an added cooling demand that did not exist in the 2020 climate. Despite the added cooling demand, the building had a lower energy usage in total in the future climate.  In order to adapt the building to the 2080 climate, 10 passive measures were simulated individually as well as combined into two different packages of solutions, one large and one small. Overall, the results showed that no measure or package was enough to adapt the building in order to reach the current indoor climate requirements. For the building to keep the maximum mean air temperature at 26 degrees, an active cooling was needed as well. The measure keeping the lowest indoor temperature was the large package of solutions. Although, knowing that passive measures were not enough for the building to reach the current thermal requirements, looking at the total energy usage showed that the smaller package of solutions had the lowest annual energy demand of all measures. It had a marginally higher cooling demand due to fewer measures, but a significantly lower heating demand due to a less effective solar protection and a higher internal heating load.
73

Byggnadsutformningens påverkan på den specifika energianvändningen / The impact of building design on the specific energy use

Karerwa, Eddy Sage January 2021 (has links)
Examensarbetets syfte var att undersöka hur en byggnadsutformning påverkar den specifika energianvändningen. Det gjordes genom att simulera olika modeller av en förskola i IDA ICE. Underlaget för studien var förskolan Teleskopet som befann sig i stadsdelen Tavleliden i Umeå som  illustrerades av modeller  i IDA ICE för att sedan göra  energibalansberäkningar. Fyra modeller med olika formfaktorer byggdes i IDA  ICE. Ett enplanshus, ett tvåplanshus, ett treplanshus och ett fyrplanshus simulerades för att sedan bestämma hur formfaktor i förhållande till den specifika energianvändningen varierade. Modellerna som simulerades i IDA ICE behövde ha identiska brukarindata för att bara formfaktor skulle ändras. Således användes Boverkets föreskrifter om ändring av verkets föreskrifteroch allmänna råd (2016:12) om fastställande av byggnadens energianvändning vid normalt brukande och ett normalår(BEN 2),Boverkets föreskrifter om ändring i boverkets byggregler (2011:6) -föreskrifter och allmänna råd; bfs 2020:4(BBR 29) och Umeå tekniska anvisningar från Umeå Kommun fastighet. Generellt sett visade det sig att enplanshus hade högre formfaktor jämfört med de andra modellerna. Studien visade att från en formfaktor på 2.4 till en formfaktor på 0.9 minskade den specifika energianvändningen med 4.9[kWh/ m2 ,år]. Från samma studie kunde man också visa att om man ökade persontätheten från [0.33 pers/m2 ,Atemp] till [0.55 pers/m2 ,Atemp]  kunde man spara  5.3[kWh/ m2 ,år] på den specifika  energianvändningen. Sammanfattningsvis är val av byggnadsutformning och persontäthet viktigt för att avgöra energiprestanda på byggnaden. Studien visar att ju lägre formfaktor samt högre persontätheten i en och samma byggnad påverkar byggnadens energianvändning med en total minskning på 5.3[kWh/ m2 ,år]. / The purpose of the thesis project was to investigate how a building design affects it specific energy use. This was done by simulating different models of one preschool in IDA ICE. The basis for the study was the preschool Teleskopet which was located in the district Tavleliden in Umeå which was illustrated by models in IDA ICE and then make energy balance calculations. Four models with different form factors were built in IDA ICE. A single-storey house, a two-storey house, a three-storey house and a four-storey house were simulated to then determine the form factor in relation to the specific energy use varied. The models simulated in IDA ICE needed to have identical user data so that the form factor would change. The National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s regulations on changing the board of directors were used, regulations and general guidelines (2016: 12) on the determination of the building energy use during normal use and a normal year (BEN 2), the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s regulations on changes in the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s building regulations (2011: 6) regulations and general guidelines; bfs 2020: 4 (BBR 29) and Umeå technical instructions from Umeå Municipality property were taken into consideration. In general, it turned out that single-storey houses had a higher form factor compared to those other models.The study showed that from a form factor of 2.4 to a form factor of 0.9 it reduced the specific energy consumption by 4.9[ kWh/m2,year ]. The same study also showed that if one increased the person density from [ 0.33pers/m2,Atemp ] to [ 0.5pers/m2,Atemp ] resulted in a decrease of 5.3[ kWh/m2,year ] on the specific energy use. In conclusion,the choice of building design and person density is important to determine the energy performance of the building. The study showed that the lower the form factor and the higher the density of persons in one and the same building were had an effect to the building’s energy use by one total reduction of 5.3 [ kWh/m2,year ].
74

Kv. Tvättstugan, ett flerbostadshus med massiv trästomme : Ett examensarbete om akustik- och brandkrav samt en jämförelse av energi- och fuktaspekter / Kv Tvättstugan, an apartment building with massive wood construction : A thesis about acoustic and fire requirements and a comparison of energy and moisture aspects

Selvarajah, Shobana, Ehrnström, Beatrice January 2011 (has links)
Title: Kvarteret Tvättstugan, an apartment building with massive wood construction. A thesis about acoustic and fire requirements and a comparison of energy and moisture aspects.   Earlier restrictions in the Swedish legislation have resulted that only a small percentage of the apartment buildings that have been built are designed with a massive wood construction. It has been allowed to build unrestricted with wood since 1994 as long as the function of requirements are fulfilled. This change in the rules together with the great environmental benefits of wood has led to that more companies choose to build apartment buildings with wood. One of these companies is Folkhem Production AB. Kv. Tvättstugan in Sundbyberg is Folkhems first big investment and it consists of four eight-storey buildings with constructive components of massive wood. It is not only the bearing system which is of wood, but also the entire front material.Folkhem took the initiative to this thesis so that they could evaluate the pros and cons of various building systems. The task was to compare two different building systems from the suppliers Kaufmann Holzbau GmbH and Martinsons Byggsystem AB. Kaufmanns system consists of doweled wooden beams and the floor structure is an assembled structure of wood and concrete. Martinsons system consists of cross-glued wood, which is abbreviated KL-wood. To get an idea of the differences between wood and concrete, the two systems of wood are compared with a concrete wall that Folkhem has used in previous projects. The building components that are compared are the exterior walls and the floor structures, and the connection between them.Both hand calculations and calculations with three different computer programs have been made to make the comparisons. Since the project kv. Tvättstugan is not completely designed, some assumptions have been made in cases when data are lacking. U-values and thermal bridges were calculated in the simulation software Comsol. The hand calculated U-values are consistent with the data calculated in Comsol. The results show that the concrete wall has a higher heat flow than the two wooden walls. VIP-Energy was used to calculate the energy consumption of a house with Kaufmanns construction and the concrete construction. Both of these construction systems fulfils BBRs requirements, but the Kaufmanns system has lower energy consumption. Since wood has a low critical moisture condition, it is important to study the relative humidity accurately in the wood materials. This has been done in the program Wufi and the results indicate that the outer walls dry out between the weather changes.After the studies of six existing multistore apartment buildings with wooden constructive elements, it has been observed that the acoustics and fire issues often can be a problem. These two areas are described in a greater depth for this reason. Important concepts in these areas and the Swedish requirements are described. As for the acoustics mainly the surroundings has been studied to see which arrangements can be made to fulfil the national acoustic demands. A preliminary copy of the fire protection documentation has been made for kv. Tvättstugan to meet BBRs requirements and it has been studied and some of the most important ones is shown.   The three designsolutions meet the Swedish requirements according to the calculations and simulations that have been made in the thesis. We think that it is good that Folkhem chooses to build an apartment building with massive wooden construction supplied by Kaufmann. This will benefit the development of wooden constructions in Sweden. Folkhem can learn new construction techniques that are not currently used in Sweden by bringing in a German company.
75

Orsaker till differenser mellan beräknad och faktisk energianvändning i nyproducerade flerbostadshus / Causes of differences between calculated and actual energy consumption in new multiple-unit dwellings

Stenberg, Karl, Hagengran, Per January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
76

Energikartläggning på Västerbottens museum / Energy mapping at Västerbottens museum

Nygårds Jakobsson, Adam January 2020 (has links)
This work dealt with energy mapping in 4 selected buildings at the Västerbottens Museum. The museum felt that their energy consumption was too high and wanted to investigate whether the consumption could be lowered. The aim of this report was to locate the systems and areas that consume a lot of energy and then find alternative options to lower the energy consumption.   Early in the project, it was decided that the main system to be investigated was the ventilation system and its functions. The four buildings that was examined included 3 ventilation rooms. The ventilation rooms contained units that supplied ventilation air to premises with different requirements and specifications that were considered during the efficiency calculations. Three different alternatives have been investigated: Option 1 involved adjusting the unit’s settings (air flow and active hours) to lower the unit’s energy consumption. Option 2 involved replacing the heat exchanger in ventilation room 1 to increase heat recovery. Option 3 involved replacing the units that were the oldest in the ventilation system (the units in ventilation room 1) to new more energy efficient units. The results from calculations of these 3 options showed that option 1 meant a reduction in annual electricity and heat consumption. The electricity consumption decreased by 15 MWh over a year. Heat consumption decreased by 39 MWh over a year. This resulted in an annual cost savings of 47 000 SEK. Science the units are only adjusted, there was no expenditure in option 1. Option 2 resulted in that the annual heat consumption decreased by 54 MWh, which meant an annual cost saving of 42 000 SEK. This meant that the expense of 49 000 SEK that was required in option 2 was repaid in 1,2 years. Option 3 gave an annual energy saving of 64 MWh, which resulted in an annual cost saving of 49 000 SEK. This meant that the expense of 320 000 SEK in option 3 could be repaid in 6,5 years. Since the units in ventilation room 1 must be replaced in the future, the expense is inevitable.   The conclusion was that option 3 together with option 1 was the optimal long-term solution for lowering the energy consumption. This because option 1 did not cost to apply in addition to the hours worked. Option 2 had a good repayment period, but because option 2 meant a large investment in an old system that will be demolished in the future, option 3 is considered more favorable. It is important to remember that if option 3 is carried out, the savings in ventilation room 1 in option 1 must be reconsidered as the units are replaced. / Detta arbete behandlade energikartläggning i 4 utvalda byggnader på Västerbottensmuseum. Museet upplevde att deras energianvändning var för hög och ville undersöka om användningen kunde sänkas. Målet med denna rapport var att lokalisera de system och områden som förbrukar mycket energi för att sedan kunna hitta åtgärdsalternativ. Tidigt i projektet beslutades det att det huvudsakliga systemet som skulle undersökas var ventilationssystemet och des funktioner. I de 4 byggnaderna som undersöktes ingick 3 ventilationsrum. Ventilationsrummen innehöll flera aggregat som matade ventilationsluft till lokaler med olika krav och specifikationer som det togs hänsyn till under effektiviseringen. Tre olika alternativ undersöktes: Alternativ 1 innebar att justera aggregatens inställningar (luftflöde och aktiva timmar) för att kunna sänka aggregatens energianvändning. Alternativ 2 innebar att byta ut värmeväxlaren i ventilationsrum 1 för att öka värmeåtervinningen. Alternativ 3 innebar att byta ut de aggregat som är äldst i ventilationssystemet (aggregaten i ventilationsrum 1) till nya mer energieffektiva aggregat. Resultaten från beräkningarna av dessa 3 alternativ visade att alternativ 1 innebar en minskning av den årliga el och värmeanvändningen. Elanvändningen minskade med 15 MWh över ett års tid. Värmeanvändningen minskade med 39 MWh över ett års tid. Det resulterade i en årlig kostnadsbesparing på 47 tusen kr. Eftersom aggregatens inställningar endast justerades så finns det inga utgifter i alternativ 1. Alternativ 2 innebar att den årliga värmeanvändningen minskade med 54 MWh vilket innebar en årlig kostnadsbesparing på 42 tusen kr. Det betydde att utgiften på 49 tusen kr som krävdes i alternativ 2 återbetalades på 1,2 år. Alternativ 3 gav en årlig energibesparing på 64 MWh som resulterade i en årlig kostnadsbesparing på 49 tusen kr. Det resulterade i att utgiften på 320 tusen kr i alternativ 3 kunde återbetalas på 6,5 år. Eftersom aggregaten i ventilationsrum 1 måste bytas ut i framtiden är utgiften ofrånkomlig. Slutsatsen är att alternativ 3 tillsammans med alternativ 1 är det optimala på lång sikt för att sänka energianvändningen. Det på grund av att alternativ 1 inte kostar att applicera utöver de arbetstimmar som läggs ned. Alternativ 2 hade en bra återbetalningstid men på grund av att alternativ 2 innebar en stor investering i ett gammalt system som ska rivas i framtiden så bedöms alternativ 3 som mer gynnsamt. Viktigt att komma ihåg är att om alternativ 3 utförs så måste besparingarna i för ventilationsrum 1 i alternativ 1 tas bort eftersom de aggregaten byts ut.
77

Kartläggning av energianvändning och inomhusklimat för industrifastighet : Förslag på effektiviseringsåtgärder / Audit of energy consumption and indoor climate in a industrial building

Kam, Max January 2020 (has links)
In this work, an audit of energy use and the indoor climate in anindustrial property has been carried out and measures taken that canimprove these aspects have been investigated. The property that wasstudied in this project is Munters factory in Tobo. Munters is aninternational company working in AirTech and FoodTech and thefactory in Tobo is the only Swedish Munters factory. The factoryproduces aggregates for dehumidifying air and the material used fordehumidification. The facility has office landscapes, assembly workand production. Today, the factory has an indoor climate that varieswith the seasons, with high temperatures in summer and lowtemperatures in winter. A more constant indoor climate is desired. The audit of energy consumption shows that the energy consumptionfor the year 2019 was approximately 8033 MWh, of which electricityconsumption accounts for 77% and gas consumption for 23%. However,the lack of sub-meters in the plant has made it difficult toidentify exactly how much of the electricity and gas consumptiongoes to heating, ventilation and business processes. Consequently,some estimates and observations have been made to map how energy useis distributed. The indoor climate in the office parts of the plant has during mostof the measurement period had an air temperature within 20-25 °Cand a relative humidity within 20-70%. On extremely cold and hotdays, the temperature and relative humidity may fall outside thespecified ranges. In production, high temperatures were measuredabove 30 °C during summer and temperatures down to 15 °C duringwinter.
78

Energieffektivisering av fabrik inom tillverkande industri : Utvärdering av åtgärdsförslag / Energy Efficiency of a Manufacturing Factory : Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Solutions

Abrahamsson, Linnéa January 2021 (has links)
June 1st, 2014, the law on energy audits of large enterprises was introduces as a way of promoting energy efficiency and to help fulfil the demands from the EU energy efficiency directive. One company that this law applies to is Talent Plastics in Gothenburg. In 2017 an energy audit was conducted at the company by WSP in Karlstad. This audit has been used as a basis for this study. The purpose of this study has been to present solutions for reducing the energy use as Talent Plastics in Gothenburg. In this study, an energy balance for the facility has been modelled. This model has then been used in order to evaluate some of the different solutions presented in the previous energy audit as well as some new solutions that have been identified. The solutions that have been studied are: Heat recovery from the process cooling by installing a heating battery in ventilation systemsHeat recovery from the process cooling by pre-heating ventilation airUpdating old extruder machinesHeat recovery from the compressed air systemUsing outside air for the compressed air systemUpdate of the existing heat recovery system installed in the production ventilation system Based on the results presented in this report the system today is inefficient with a large need for heat whilst a lot of energy is cooled through process cooling. The energy balance presented showed a higher use of energy for heating of ventilation air compared to the results presented in the previous energy audit. This is a consequence of the assumptions made when conducting an energy audit. By underestimating the energy need for the heating of ventilation air, the potential energy savings from solutions including heat recovery in the ventilation systems has been underestimated. Out of the solutions investigated in this study, updating the heat recovery system in the ventilation system for production spaces resulted in the largest energy savings with savings of 192 MWh per year. The maximum energy savings using heat recovery from the process cooling were 202 MWh/year. This solution had a pay-off time of 0,7 years. The results showed that heat recovery from the compressed air system is not a suitable solution for the facility. When combining different solutions updating the existing heat recovery system installed in the production ventilation system combined with pre-heating and installation of a heating battery in the same ventilation system would result in energy savings of 323 MWh per year. This represents 14 % of the total energy use for the facility and savings of 226 thousand Swedish krona per year.
79

Energianvändning och termisk tröghet i småhus med massivträkonstruktioner

Enarsson, Johanna January 2023 (has links)
I Sverige står byggbranschen för en energianvändning som motsvarar omkring 40% av den totala energianvändningen. Av en byggnads energianvändning sker den största andelen under driftsfasen. För att förbättra byggnaders prestanda har fokus legat på att erhålla låga U-värden för klimatskalet, framför allt genom ökad isolering. Ett problem som finns är dock att byggnaders förväntade energiprestanda inte alltid stämmer överens med den uppmätta prestandan. En faktor som skulle kunna minska en byggnads energibehov är värmetrögheten. Vid framtagning av en byggnads förväntade energibehov ingår värmetrögheten i form av en tidskonstant, som beskriver byggnaders förmåga att klara av tillfälliga temperaturförändringar utomhus utan att inomhustemperaturen ändras avsevärt. Det har dock visat sig vara svår att bestämma värmetrögheten samt dess påverkan på energianvändningen. Allt eftersom nya tekniker utvecklas med nya typer av konstruktioner som frångår det traditionella är det av intresse att analysera hur en byggnads förväntade energibehov enligt de metoder som används idag stämmer överens med den uppmätta energianvändningen, samt om värmetrögheten kan vara en faktor som påverkar den uppmätta energianvändningen. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att analysera energianvändningen för byggnader med icke-traditionella väggstommar av massivträ, för att jämföra den förväntade energianvändningen mot den uppmätta med två av de metoder som finns idag. För att göra en jämförelse mellan teoretisk och uppmätt energianvändning har en fallstudie genomförts där två villor med samma typ av väggstommar har analyserats. Villornas förväntade energianvändning har tagits fram genom beräkningar samt simuleringsprogram. Att använda två olika tillvägagångssätt har givit möjlighet att jämföra olika verktyg för att bestämma en byggnads förväntade energianvändning. Resultatet från studien har som tidigare studier visat på en skillnad mellan förväntad och uppmätt energianvändning, där det visat sig vara en svårighet att applicera värmetrögheten i energiberäkningar med de metoder som används idag. För att bestämma värmetrögheten för olika dimensioner av det studerade väggelementet har ett experiment genomförts med syfte att mäta tidskonstanten. Experimentet har utförts i en klimatkammare där lådor med väggelementen som samtliga omslutande delar har testats. Resultatet har visat på att det faktiska värdet för tidskonstanten frångår de förväntade värden som tagits fram genom beräkningsmetoder, där värmetrögheten för det väggelement som utgör stommen för de studerade villorna är högre än vad som används i beräkningar idag. Detta har givit indikationer på att de metoder som används idag inte är tillräckligt anpassade för nya typer av väggstommar, vilket skulle kunna bidra till att det förväntade energibehovet inte stämmer överens med det faktiska. Studien har visat på en alternativ metod att bestämma värmetrögheten för ett väggelement, samt givit indikationer på att fler studier inom ämnet skulle behöva genomföras för att på ett bättre sätt koppla samt ta hänsyn till värmetrögheten i energiberäkningar. / The energy use in the construction industry's in Sweden corresponds to about 40% of the total energy consumption. The largest share of a building's energy use takes place during the operational phase. In order to improve the performance of buildings the focus has been on obtaining low U-values for the building envelope, primarily through increased insulation. However, there is a problem that the expected energy performance of buildings does not always correspond to the measured performance. A factor that could reduce a building's energy needs is thermal inertia. When producing a building's expected energy needs, the thermal inertia is included in the form of a time constant, which describes the ability of buildings to cope with temporary temperature changes outside without the indoor temperature changing significantly. However, it has proven to be difficult to determine thermal inertia and its impact on energy use. As new technologies are developed with new types of constructions that depart from the traditional, it is of interest to analyze how a building's expected energy needs according to the methods used today match the measured energy use, and whether thermal inertia can be a factor that affects the measured energy use. The purpose of this work has been to analyze the energy use of buildings with non-traditional solid wood wall frames, to compare the expected energy use against the measured, using two of the methods available today. The comparison between theoretical and measured energy use  has been done through a case study, where two villas with the same type of wall frames have been analysed. The villas' expected energy use has been developed through calculations and simulation programs. Using two different approaches has provided the opportunity to compare different tools to determine a building's expected energy use. The results of the study have, like previous studies, shown a difference between expected and measured energy use, where it has proven to be a difficulty to apply thermal inertia in energy calculations with the methods used today. In order to determine the thermal inertia for different dimensions of the studied wall element, an experiment has been carried out with the aim of measuring the time constant. The experiment has been carried out in a climate chamber where boxes with the wall elements as all enclosing parts have been tested. The result has shown that the actual value of the time constant deviates from the expected values obtained through calculation methods, where the thermal inertia of the wall element that forms the frame of the studied villas is higher than what is used in calculations today. The study has shown an alternative method for determining the thermal inertia of a wall element, as well as giving indications that more studies in the subject would need to be done in order to in a better way connect and take thermal inertia into account in energy calculations.
80

En kvantitativ utvärdering av ett lågenergihus i subarktiskt klimat : – gällande energianvändning, inomhusklimat och fuktvandring

Gustavsson, Jonathan January 2020 (has links)
Low-energy houses are a good concept for reducing energy use during the building's use. Especially when studies have shown economic profitability in buildings that meet the requirements for the definition of low-energy houses - that the energy performance is at least 25% better than the building standard from the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. The investment cost of houses with low energy performance is higher, but the economic profitability is achieved under the reduced operating costs. However, it can be difficult to ensure the quality of all new construction techniques and installations, which can lead to worse energy performance than projected values ​​show. To maintain economic profitability, buildings must be maintained throughout their lifetime without unexpected costs to a greater extent. Moisture damage, which can seriously damage the construction and add odors that lead to a bad indoor climate, has over time caused great costs in our buildings. Poor indoor climate can have consequences that create or strengthen mental and physical symptoms. This is something we want to counteract with knowledge of how the indoor climate is in use. In Sweden, most evaluations of low-energy houses have treated houses in the southern parts of the country. There are large climate differences across the country. Construction techniques that are proven to work in the south, do not always perform as well in the north. In the northernmost parts, there is a subarctic climate - where the average temperature exceeds  for a maximum of three months a year. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a low-energy house in a subarctic climate and make a contribution to increased knowledge regarding the type of building in this climate. To achieve the project's goal, to map the house's performance in terms of energy use, indoor climate and moisture migration, literature and case studies have been carried out. These studies are aimed at one of four apartment buildings that are located in the northernmost parts of Sweden and have been built according to a concept with environmental thinking in focus. The evaluation is based on previously performed field measurements during 2016/2017 as well as a survey of residents in the case study building and its three adjacent almost identical houses. The energy performance in operation turns out to exceed the projected value. The house is designed with very small margins for the construction year's low-energy house requirements. Requirements from the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning are achieved, but the specific energy use of buildings exceeds the low-energy house requirement and achieves energy class C according to the Lågans definition. If the house's energy performance is set against today's stricter requirements and with the new calculation method with primary energy, it will not be able to achieve class C. Possible causes can be heat losses related to the house's supply air system and storage of domestic hot water. To evaluate the indoor climate, the thermal climate, humidity and carbon dioxide content of the house are studied. This is weighed together with the survey about the living experience of residents. The case study building is considered to perform well regarding the indoor climate, as no critical values ​​have been identified according to the field measurement and very little dissatisfaction from the survey study. The moisture content of the house's wall construction exceeds the critical moisture condition several times in all facades during parts of the year. There is no risk of microbial growth as this is during very short periods or periods where the corresponding temperature in the wall is too low. However, inactive measurement periods during the holiday season in the summer creates uncertainties. There may be value in continued control that runs continuously over the warmer period of the year. The general conclusion from the evaluation of the low-energy house is positive. A good concept with the environment in focus that has also tested modern technical solutions in the northern parts of the country.

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