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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

USE OF HOMEMADE BLENDERIZED FORMULA IN GASTROSTOMY TUBE DEPENDENT PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH FEEDING INTOLERANCE: A SERIES CASE STUDY

Bills, Hannah Bowman 22 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
212

Barnsjuksköterskans stödjande roll i barnets övergång från ventrikelsond till fri amning i neonatal hemsjulvård : En kvalitativ intervjustudie / The supportive role of the pediatric nurse in the transition from enteral nutrition to free breastfeeding in neo- natal home care : A qualitative interview study

Pauline, Pantzar, Niane Lilliequist, Lisa January 2024 (has links)
No description available.
213

Tempo despendido e fatores associados a atrasos entre a indicação e o uso de sondas enterais em um serviço de emergência : resultados de uma coorte prospectiva / Spent time and factors associated with delays between the indication and the use of enteral feeding tubes in an emergency department : results of a prospective cohort / Tiempo gastado y los factores asociados con retrasos entre la prescripción y el uso de sondas enterales en un servicio de emergencia : resultados de una cohorte prospectiva

Anziliero, Franciele January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: Ainda que o uso de Sondas Nasoentéricas (SNE) pareça ser frequente em hospitais, são raros os estudos dimensionando a prevalência do procedimento e o tempo despendido entre indicação e seu uso, especialmente em Emergências. Nestes espaços assistenciais, os atrasos podem contribuir para a manutenção da superlotação e, também, configurarem-se como incidentes no processo assistencial. Objetivo: Conhecer o tempo entre a indicação da SNE e seu efetivo uso e entre as etapas intermediárias desse processo, além de dos fatores associados a atrasos. Método: Entre abril e junho de 2015, foram incluídos adultos admitidos em uma Emergência de um hospital universitário brasileiro em uma coorte prospectiva. Os pacientes foram acompanhados do momento da indicação ao efetivo uso da SNE, mesurando-se os tempos demandados em cada etapa e os possíveis fatores associados ao tempo despendido até a utilização da sonda (variáveis relacionadas à clínica do paciente ou ao processo de trabalho). Para avaliar os fatores associados a ao tempo despendido, adotou-se o modelo de Equações de Estimações Generalizadas (Generalized Estimating Equations – GEE), respeitando-se a distribuição Gamma da variável diferença de tempo. Para a comparação intrafatores foi adotado o teste de Bonferroni como teste Post Hoc. Resultados: Houve 150 inserções de SNE em 115 pacientes. A mediana de tempo entre a indicação e o uso da sonda foi 573 (IQR: 360 - 1093; mínimo: 63 – máximo: 3120) minutos. Analisando-se as diferentes subetapas do processo, foram identificados como fatores independentes de risco para maior tempo entre a indicação e o uso da SNE: inserção de SNE em paciente que não a utilizava antes do atendimento na Emergência, médico não entregar a prescrição de inserção de sonda ao enfermeiro, inserção de SNE na jornada de trabalho noturna, alocação do paciente na sala de cuidados intensivos, retardos na rotina médica, da nutrição e de enfermagem, uso de ventilação mecânica, noradrenalina e necessidade de jejum. Conclusão: O tempo entre a indicação e o uso de sonda nasoentérica foi elevado, excedendo 10 horas em metade dos casos. Fatores relacionados às condições clínicas dos pacientes e à gestão da assistência contribuiriam para o aumento neste tempo. / Background: Although the use of Nasoenteric tubes (NET) appears to be common in hospitals, few studies measure the prevalence of the procedure and the time between the indication and its use, especially in Emergencie Departement. In the Emergency Departament, delays may contribute to the maintenance of overcrowding and also being configured as incidents in the care process. Objective: Knowing the time spent between the indication of the NET and its effective use, as well as the times and factors associated to delays in sub-steps of process. Method: Between April and June 2015, patients adults admitted to an Emergency Departament of a Brazilian university hospital were included in a prospective Cohort. Patients were followed-up from the NET indication until its effective use. The spent time in each sub-step and the possible associated factors with the time taken to use the NET (variables related to the patient's clinical or work process) were analised. To evaluate the associated factors with time spent, the Generalized Estimating Equations model was adopted, respecting the Gamma distribution of variable "time difference". For intrafatores comparison was adopted Bonferroni test as a post hoc test. Results: There were 150 insertions NET in 115 patients. The median time between the NET indication and its use was 573 (IQR: 360-1093; minimum: 63 - maximum: 3120) minutes. Analyzing the different sub-steps of the process, were identified as independent risk factors for increased time between the NET indication and its use: NET insertion in patients who do not used before the Emergency Departement, doctor does not deliver the NET insert prescription to the nurse, NET insertion in the night working hours, patient allocation in intensive care room, delays in medical, nutrition and nursing routine, patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, norepinephrine and need fasting. Conclusion: The time between the NET indication and its use was high, exceeding 10 hours in half the cases. Factors related to the patients' clinical conditions and the management of the assistance would contribute to the increase at this time lapse. / Introducción: Aunque el usio de Sondas Nasoentericas (SNE) parezca frequenteen Hospitales, son raros los estudios dimensionando el predominio el procedimiento y el tiempo dispensado entre indicación y el uso, especialmente em Emergencias. En estos espacios asistenciales, los atrasos pueden contribuir para el mantenimiento de la super población, tambien se configura como incidentes em el proceso asistencial. Objetivo: Conocer el tiempo entre la indicación de la SNE e su efectivo uso y entrelas etapas intermediarias de este proceso, además de los factores asociados a atrasos. Método: Entre abril y junio de 2015, fueron incluídos adultos admitidos em uma emergência de um hospital universitário brasileño em uma Cohorte prospectiva. Los pacientes fueron acompanados del momento de la indicacional efectivo uso de la SNE, mesurando los tiempo demandados em cada etapa y los posibles factores asociados al tiempo dispoensado hasta la utilización de sonda (variables relacionadas a la paraclinica del paciente al proceso del trabajo). Para evaluar los factores asociados al tiempo dispensado, se adopto el modelo de Ecuaciones de Estimativos Generalizadas (Genneralized Estimating Equations – GEE), respetando la distribución Gamma de la variable diferencia del tiempo. Para la comparación intra factores fue adoptado la tesis de Bonferroni como test Post Hoc. Resultados: hubo 150 inserciones de SNE em 115 pacientes. A mediano tiempo entre la indicación y el uso de la sonda fueron 573 (IQR:360 – 1093; mínimo:63 – máximo: 3120) minutos. Se analizan lãs diferentes sub etapas del proceso, fueron identificados como factores independientes de riesgo para mayor tiempo entre la indicacion y el uso de la SNE: ionserción de SNE em paciente que no la utilizaba antes de la atencion em la Emergencia, médico no entregar la prescripción de inserción de sonda al enfermero, inserción de SNE em la jornada de trabajo nocturno, transferência del paciente em la sala de cuidados intensivos, retardos em la rutina medica, del la nutricion y de Enfermería, uso de ventilación mecânica, noradrenalina y la necesidad de la ayuna. Conclusión: El tiempo ente la indicación y el uso de la sonda nasoenterica fue elevado, exediendose 10 horas em la mitad de los casos. Factores relacionados a lãs condiciones clinicas de los pacientes y de la gestion de la Asistencia contribuyeron para el aumento en este tiempo.
214

Tempo despendido e fatores associados a atrasos entre a indicação e o uso de sondas enterais em um serviço de emergência : resultados de uma coorte prospectiva / Spent time and factors associated with delays between the indication and the use of enteral feeding tubes in an emergency department : results of a prospective cohort / Tiempo gastado y los factores asociados con retrasos entre la prescripción y el uso de sondas enterales en un servicio de emergencia : resultados de una cohorte prospectiva

Anziliero, Franciele January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: Ainda que o uso de Sondas Nasoentéricas (SNE) pareça ser frequente em hospitais, são raros os estudos dimensionando a prevalência do procedimento e o tempo despendido entre indicação e seu uso, especialmente em Emergências. Nestes espaços assistenciais, os atrasos podem contribuir para a manutenção da superlotação e, também, configurarem-se como incidentes no processo assistencial. Objetivo: Conhecer o tempo entre a indicação da SNE e seu efetivo uso e entre as etapas intermediárias desse processo, além de dos fatores associados a atrasos. Método: Entre abril e junho de 2015, foram incluídos adultos admitidos em uma Emergência de um hospital universitário brasileiro em uma coorte prospectiva. Os pacientes foram acompanhados do momento da indicação ao efetivo uso da SNE, mesurando-se os tempos demandados em cada etapa e os possíveis fatores associados ao tempo despendido até a utilização da sonda (variáveis relacionadas à clínica do paciente ou ao processo de trabalho). Para avaliar os fatores associados a ao tempo despendido, adotou-se o modelo de Equações de Estimações Generalizadas (Generalized Estimating Equations – GEE), respeitando-se a distribuição Gamma da variável diferença de tempo. Para a comparação intrafatores foi adotado o teste de Bonferroni como teste Post Hoc. Resultados: Houve 150 inserções de SNE em 115 pacientes. A mediana de tempo entre a indicação e o uso da sonda foi 573 (IQR: 360 - 1093; mínimo: 63 – máximo: 3120) minutos. Analisando-se as diferentes subetapas do processo, foram identificados como fatores independentes de risco para maior tempo entre a indicação e o uso da SNE: inserção de SNE em paciente que não a utilizava antes do atendimento na Emergência, médico não entregar a prescrição de inserção de sonda ao enfermeiro, inserção de SNE na jornada de trabalho noturna, alocação do paciente na sala de cuidados intensivos, retardos na rotina médica, da nutrição e de enfermagem, uso de ventilação mecânica, noradrenalina e necessidade de jejum. Conclusão: O tempo entre a indicação e o uso de sonda nasoentérica foi elevado, excedendo 10 horas em metade dos casos. Fatores relacionados às condições clínicas dos pacientes e à gestão da assistência contribuiriam para o aumento neste tempo. / Background: Although the use of Nasoenteric tubes (NET) appears to be common in hospitals, few studies measure the prevalence of the procedure and the time between the indication and its use, especially in Emergencie Departement. In the Emergency Departament, delays may contribute to the maintenance of overcrowding and also being configured as incidents in the care process. Objective: Knowing the time spent between the indication of the NET and its effective use, as well as the times and factors associated to delays in sub-steps of process. Method: Between April and June 2015, patients adults admitted to an Emergency Departament of a Brazilian university hospital were included in a prospective Cohort. Patients were followed-up from the NET indication until its effective use. The spent time in each sub-step and the possible associated factors with the time taken to use the NET (variables related to the patient's clinical or work process) were analised. To evaluate the associated factors with time spent, the Generalized Estimating Equations model was adopted, respecting the Gamma distribution of variable "time difference". For intrafatores comparison was adopted Bonferroni test as a post hoc test. Results: There were 150 insertions NET in 115 patients. The median time between the NET indication and its use was 573 (IQR: 360-1093; minimum: 63 - maximum: 3120) minutes. Analyzing the different sub-steps of the process, were identified as independent risk factors for increased time between the NET indication and its use: NET insertion in patients who do not used before the Emergency Departement, doctor does not deliver the NET insert prescription to the nurse, NET insertion in the night working hours, patient allocation in intensive care room, delays in medical, nutrition and nursing routine, patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, norepinephrine and need fasting. Conclusion: The time between the NET indication and its use was high, exceeding 10 hours in half the cases. Factors related to the patients' clinical conditions and the management of the assistance would contribute to the increase at this time lapse. / Introducción: Aunque el usio de Sondas Nasoentericas (SNE) parezca frequenteen Hospitales, son raros los estudios dimensionando el predominio el procedimiento y el tiempo dispensado entre indicación y el uso, especialmente em Emergencias. En estos espacios asistenciales, los atrasos pueden contribuir para el mantenimiento de la super población, tambien se configura como incidentes em el proceso asistencial. Objetivo: Conocer el tiempo entre la indicación de la SNE e su efectivo uso y entrelas etapas intermediarias de este proceso, además de los factores asociados a atrasos. Método: Entre abril y junio de 2015, fueron incluídos adultos admitidos em uma emergência de um hospital universitário brasileño em uma Cohorte prospectiva. Los pacientes fueron acompanados del momento de la indicacional efectivo uso de la SNE, mesurando los tiempo demandados em cada etapa y los posibles factores asociados al tiempo dispoensado hasta la utilización de sonda (variables relacionadas a la paraclinica del paciente al proceso del trabajo). Para evaluar los factores asociados al tiempo dispensado, se adopto el modelo de Ecuaciones de Estimativos Generalizadas (Genneralized Estimating Equations – GEE), respetando la distribución Gamma de la variable diferencia del tiempo. Para la comparación intra factores fue adoptado la tesis de Bonferroni como test Post Hoc. Resultados: hubo 150 inserciones de SNE em 115 pacientes. A mediano tiempo entre la indicación y el uso de la sonda fueron 573 (IQR:360 – 1093; mínimo:63 – máximo: 3120) minutos. Se analizan lãs diferentes sub etapas del proceso, fueron identificados como factores independientes de riesgo para mayor tiempo entre la indicacion y el uso de la SNE: ionserción de SNE em paciente que no la utilizaba antes de la atencion em la Emergencia, médico no entregar la prescripción de inserción de sonda al enfermero, inserción de SNE em la jornada de trabajo nocturno, transferência del paciente em la sala de cuidados intensivos, retardos em la rutina medica, del la nutricion y de Enfermería, uso de ventilación mecânica, noradrenalina y la necesidad de la ayuna. Conclusión: El tiempo ente la indicación y el uso de la sonda nasoenterica fue elevado, exediendose 10 horas em la mitad de los casos. Factores relacionados a lãs condiciones clinicas de los pacientes y de la gestion de la Asistencia contribuyeron para el aumento en este tiempo.
215

Tempo despendido e fatores associados a atrasos entre a indicação e o uso de sondas enterais em um serviço de emergência : resultados de uma coorte prospectiva / Spent time and factors associated with delays between the indication and the use of enteral feeding tubes in an emergency department : results of a prospective cohort / Tiempo gastado y los factores asociados con retrasos entre la prescripción y el uso de sondas enterales en un servicio de emergencia : resultados de una cohorte prospectiva

Anziliero, Franciele January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: Ainda que o uso de Sondas Nasoentéricas (SNE) pareça ser frequente em hospitais, são raros os estudos dimensionando a prevalência do procedimento e o tempo despendido entre indicação e seu uso, especialmente em Emergências. Nestes espaços assistenciais, os atrasos podem contribuir para a manutenção da superlotação e, também, configurarem-se como incidentes no processo assistencial. Objetivo: Conhecer o tempo entre a indicação da SNE e seu efetivo uso e entre as etapas intermediárias desse processo, além de dos fatores associados a atrasos. Método: Entre abril e junho de 2015, foram incluídos adultos admitidos em uma Emergência de um hospital universitário brasileiro em uma coorte prospectiva. Os pacientes foram acompanhados do momento da indicação ao efetivo uso da SNE, mesurando-se os tempos demandados em cada etapa e os possíveis fatores associados ao tempo despendido até a utilização da sonda (variáveis relacionadas à clínica do paciente ou ao processo de trabalho). Para avaliar os fatores associados a ao tempo despendido, adotou-se o modelo de Equações de Estimações Generalizadas (Generalized Estimating Equations – GEE), respeitando-se a distribuição Gamma da variável diferença de tempo. Para a comparação intrafatores foi adotado o teste de Bonferroni como teste Post Hoc. Resultados: Houve 150 inserções de SNE em 115 pacientes. A mediana de tempo entre a indicação e o uso da sonda foi 573 (IQR: 360 - 1093; mínimo: 63 – máximo: 3120) minutos. Analisando-se as diferentes subetapas do processo, foram identificados como fatores independentes de risco para maior tempo entre a indicação e o uso da SNE: inserção de SNE em paciente que não a utilizava antes do atendimento na Emergência, médico não entregar a prescrição de inserção de sonda ao enfermeiro, inserção de SNE na jornada de trabalho noturna, alocação do paciente na sala de cuidados intensivos, retardos na rotina médica, da nutrição e de enfermagem, uso de ventilação mecânica, noradrenalina e necessidade de jejum. Conclusão: O tempo entre a indicação e o uso de sonda nasoentérica foi elevado, excedendo 10 horas em metade dos casos. Fatores relacionados às condições clínicas dos pacientes e à gestão da assistência contribuiriam para o aumento neste tempo. / Background: Although the use of Nasoenteric tubes (NET) appears to be common in hospitals, few studies measure the prevalence of the procedure and the time between the indication and its use, especially in Emergencie Departement. In the Emergency Departament, delays may contribute to the maintenance of overcrowding and also being configured as incidents in the care process. Objective: Knowing the time spent between the indication of the NET and its effective use, as well as the times and factors associated to delays in sub-steps of process. Method: Between April and June 2015, patients adults admitted to an Emergency Departament of a Brazilian university hospital were included in a prospective Cohort. Patients were followed-up from the NET indication until its effective use. The spent time in each sub-step and the possible associated factors with the time taken to use the NET (variables related to the patient's clinical or work process) were analised. To evaluate the associated factors with time spent, the Generalized Estimating Equations model was adopted, respecting the Gamma distribution of variable "time difference". For intrafatores comparison was adopted Bonferroni test as a post hoc test. Results: There were 150 insertions NET in 115 patients. The median time between the NET indication and its use was 573 (IQR: 360-1093; minimum: 63 - maximum: 3120) minutes. Analyzing the different sub-steps of the process, were identified as independent risk factors for increased time between the NET indication and its use: NET insertion in patients who do not used before the Emergency Departement, doctor does not deliver the NET insert prescription to the nurse, NET insertion in the night working hours, patient allocation in intensive care room, delays in medical, nutrition and nursing routine, patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, norepinephrine and need fasting. Conclusion: The time between the NET indication and its use was high, exceeding 10 hours in half the cases. Factors related to the patients' clinical conditions and the management of the assistance would contribute to the increase at this time lapse. / Introducción: Aunque el usio de Sondas Nasoentericas (SNE) parezca frequenteen Hospitales, son raros los estudios dimensionando el predominio el procedimiento y el tiempo dispensado entre indicación y el uso, especialmente em Emergencias. En estos espacios asistenciales, los atrasos pueden contribuir para el mantenimiento de la super población, tambien se configura como incidentes em el proceso asistencial. Objetivo: Conocer el tiempo entre la indicación de la SNE e su efectivo uso y entrelas etapas intermediarias de este proceso, además de los factores asociados a atrasos. Método: Entre abril y junio de 2015, fueron incluídos adultos admitidos em uma emergência de um hospital universitário brasileño em uma Cohorte prospectiva. Los pacientes fueron acompanados del momento de la indicacional efectivo uso de la SNE, mesurando los tiempo demandados em cada etapa y los posibles factores asociados al tiempo dispoensado hasta la utilización de sonda (variables relacionadas a la paraclinica del paciente al proceso del trabajo). Para evaluar los factores asociados al tiempo dispensado, se adopto el modelo de Ecuaciones de Estimativos Generalizadas (Genneralized Estimating Equations – GEE), respetando la distribución Gamma de la variable diferencia del tiempo. Para la comparación intra factores fue adoptado la tesis de Bonferroni como test Post Hoc. Resultados: hubo 150 inserciones de SNE em 115 pacientes. A mediano tiempo entre la indicación y el uso de la sonda fueron 573 (IQR:360 – 1093; mínimo:63 – máximo: 3120) minutos. Se analizan lãs diferentes sub etapas del proceso, fueron identificados como factores independientes de riesgo para mayor tiempo entre la indicacion y el uso de la SNE: ionserción de SNE em paciente que no la utilizaba antes de la atencion em la Emergencia, médico no entregar la prescripción de inserción de sonda al enfermero, inserción de SNE em la jornada de trabajo nocturno, transferência del paciente em la sala de cuidados intensivos, retardos em la rutina medica, del la nutricion y de Enfermería, uso de ventilación mecânica, noradrenalina y la necesidad de la ayuna. Conclusión: El tiempo ente la indicación y el uso de la sonda nasoenterica fue elevado, exediendose 10 horas em la mitad de los casos. Factores relacionados a lãs condiciones clinicas de los pacientes y de la gestion de la Asistencia contribuyeron para el aumento en este tiempo.
216

The impact of early nutrition on extremely preterm infants

Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth January 2014 (has links)
Background Modern neonatal care has improved the survival rate of extremely preterm infants. These infants are at high risk of malnutrition and growth failure during 3-4 months of hospital care. The objectives of this study was to investigate nutritional intakes during hospitalization and explore associations between nutritional intakes, postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Perioperative nutrition in infants undergoing surgery for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was also investigated. Methods This is a population-based study of Swedish extremely preterm infants (<27 weeks) born during 2004-2007 (n=602). Detailed data on nutritional supply and anthropometric measurements during hospitalization were retrospectively retrieved from hospital records. Comprehensive data on cohort characteristics, neonatal morbidity and infant mortality were obtained from the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS). Results During the first 70 days of life, intakes of energy, protein and several micronutrients, with the exception of iron and some vitamins, were less than estimated requirements, and infants showed severe postnatal growth failure. Energy and protein intake predicted growth in all anthropometric outcomes even when adjusting for severity of illness, and fat intake was positively associated with head growth. Low folate intake was positively correlated with poor weight and length gain while high iron intake, mainly explained by blood transfusions, was negatively associated with poor length gain. Furthermore, a low energy intake was associated with severe ROP (stage 3-5). An increased energy intake of 10 kcal/kg/d was associated with 24% decrease in severe ROP (p=0.01). During the first month, 99% of the infants were exclusively fed human milk. Infants who underwent surgery for PDA (n=140) were malnourished, with energy and macronutrient intakes below minimum estimated requirements before, during and after surgery. Conclusions The severe postnatal growth failure observed in Swedish extremely preterm infants may be prevented by improved intakes of energy, protein, fat and folate and a reduction of the number of blood transfusions. Human milk is the main enteral food source and analyses of human milk macronutrient contents facilitates individualized fortification. Provision of adequate energy intakes during the first four weeks of life may be an effective way to reduce the risk of severe ROP. Perioperative nutrition in infants undergoing PDA surgery needs to be improved. The study results have important implications for nutritional regimens, postnatal growth and health outcome in this new generation of survivors.
217

Současné možnosti a prostředky enterální výživy / Current possibilities and resources of enteral nutrition

Hrnčířová, Naďa January 2014 (has links)
0BABSTRACT This thesis is focused on enteral nutrition. This issue is an integral part of intensive and resuscitation care, but it is also a part of standard and follow-up care. There are more and more new resources and the products for enteral nutrition are improving. The theoretical part deals with malnutrition, discusses the different components of nutrition. Much of the thesis forms ways of application of nutrition. The issue is a nasogastric tube, a nasojejunal tube, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy, feeding button or sipping. There are further expanded the introductions, nursing care, indications and contraindications of these options. The following chapters analyse the modes of enteral feeding, advantages and disadvantages of enteral nutrition compared to parenteral. The practical part is focused on research using anonymous questionnaires in the area of enteral nutrition. The survey was conducted in four departments of three teaching hospitals in Prague. It was focused on nurses and paramedics in medical intensive metabolic care units. The survey had 73 respondents. The aim was to identify the mode of feeding that nurses prefer and how they apply it, analyze the extent to which the nurses actively involve themselves in this, how they are oriented in...
218

Nutrition in Elderly Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Rapp-Kesek, Doris January 2007 (has links)
<p>Many elderly undergo cardiac surgery. The prevalence of malnutrition in elderly is high and increases with comorbidity. This thesis aims to clarify some aspects on performing surgery in elderly concerning nutritional status, nutritional treatment and age-related physiology.</p><p>Study I: 886 patients were assessed preoperatively by body mass index (BMI) and S-albumin and postoperatively for mortality and morbidity.. Low BMI increased the relative hazard for death and low S-albumin increased the risk for infection. BMI and S-albumin are useful in preoperative evaluations</p><p>Study II: we followed energy intake in 31 patients for five postoperative days. Scheduled and unscheduled surgery did not differ in preoperative resting energy expenditure (REE). REE increased by 10-12% postoperatively, more in unscheduled CABG. Nutritional supplementation increased total energy intake. All patients exhibited postoperative energy deficits, less prominent in the supplemented group. There were no differences in protein synthesis or muscle degradation. </p><p>Study III: in 16 patients, .we measured stress hormones and insulin resistance before surgery and for five postoperative days Patients were insulin resistant on the first two days. We saw no clearly adverse or beneficial effects of oral carbohydrate on insulin resistance or stress hormone response. </p><p>Study IV: 73 patients, with early enteral nutrition (EN), were observed until discharge or resumed oral nutrition. EN started within three days in most patients. In a minority, problems occurred (gastric residual volumes, tube dislocation, vomiting, diarrhoea, aspiration pneumonia). In the cardiothoracic ICU individually adjusted early EN is feasible. </p><p>Study V: in 16 patients, splanchnic blood flow (SBF) enhancing treatments (dopexamine (Dpx) or EN) were compared. Dpx increased systemic blood flow, but had only a transient effect on SBF. EN had no effect on systemic blood flow or SBF. Neither Dpx, EN or the combined treatment, exhibited any difference between groups on systemic or splanchnic VO<sub>2</sub> or oxygen extraction ratio. </p>
219

Nutrition in Elderly Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Rapp-Kesek, Doris January 2007 (has links)
Many elderly undergo cardiac surgery. The prevalence of malnutrition in elderly is high and increases with comorbidity. This thesis aims to clarify some aspects on performing surgery in elderly concerning nutritional status, nutritional treatment and age-related physiology. Study I: 886 patients were assessed preoperatively by body mass index (BMI) and S-albumin and postoperatively for mortality and morbidity.. Low BMI increased the relative hazard for death and low S-albumin increased the risk for infection. BMI and S-albumin are useful in preoperative evaluations Study II: we followed energy intake in 31 patients for five postoperative days. Scheduled and unscheduled surgery did not differ in preoperative resting energy expenditure (REE). REE increased by 10-12% postoperatively, more in unscheduled CABG. Nutritional supplementation increased total energy intake. All patients exhibited postoperative energy deficits, less prominent in the supplemented group. There were no differences in protein synthesis or muscle degradation. Study III: in 16 patients, .we measured stress hormones and insulin resistance before surgery and for five postoperative days Patients were insulin resistant on the first two days. We saw no clearly adverse or beneficial effects of oral carbohydrate on insulin resistance or stress hormone response. Study IV: 73 patients, with early enteral nutrition (EN), were observed until discharge or resumed oral nutrition. EN started within three days in most patients. In a minority, problems occurred (gastric residual volumes, tube dislocation, vomiting, diarrhoea, aspiration pneumonia). In the cardiothoracic ICU individually adjusted early EN is feasible. Study V: in 16 patients, splanchnic blood flow (SBF) enhancing treatments (dopexamine (Dpx) or EN) were compared. Dpx increased systemic blood flow, but had only a transient effect on SBF. EN had no effect on systemic blood flow or SBF. Neither Dpx, EN or the combined treatment, exhibited any difference between groups on systemic or splanchnic VO2 or oxygen extraction ratio.
220

Standardisiertes Ernährungsprogramm zum enteralen Nahrungsaufbau für Frühgeborene mit einem Geburtsgewicht ≤1750g / Enteral Feeding Volume Advancement by Using a Standardized Nutritional Regimen in Preterm Infants ≤ 1 750 g Birth Weight

Sergeyev, Elena 05 April 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Hintergrund Ein rascher enteraler Nahrungsaufbau bei Frühgeborenen verkürzt die Zeit der parenteralen Ernährung. Somit lassen sich bestimmte Risikofaktoren beeinflussen, die evt. die Morbiditätshäufigkeit der Kinder senken könnten. Mehrere Kohortenstudien zeigten, dass ein standardisierter Nahrungsaufbau mit einer geringeren Komplikationsrate und einem schnelleren Nahrungsaufbau assoziiert ist. Ziel der Studie ist zu überprüfen, ob ein standardisiertes Ernährungsprogramm einen rascheren und komplikationsärmeren enteralen Nahrungsaufbau bei Frühgeborenen ermöglicht. Patienten und Methode In die vorliegende randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie wurden 99 Frühgeborene mit einem Geburtsgewicht von ≤1750 g aufgenommen. In der Gruppe mit standardisierter Ernährung (ST) wurde der enterale Nahrungsaufbau mit Muttermilch oder gespendeter Frauenmilch nach einem speziell ausgearbeiteten Protokoll durchgeführt. In der Gruppe mit der individuellen Ernährungsform (IN) wurde je nach Bedarf und Zustand des Kindes auch semi-elementare Nahrung (Pregomin®) gefüttert. Über die Steigerungsdynamik und Nahrungspausen wurde hier individuell entschieden. Primäres Zielkriterium war die Dauer bis zum Erreichen der vollenteralen Ernährung. Ergebnisse In der ST-Gruppe war die vollständig enterale Ernährung nach 14,93 ± 9,95 (Median 12) Tagen, in der IN-Gruppe nach 16,23 ± 10,86 (Median 14) Tagen möglich. Es konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied gefunden werden. Nur bei hypotrophen Frühgeborenen erwiesen sich die Unterschiede bei der ST-Gruppe gegenüber der IN-Gruppe als statistisch signifikant: 10,20 ± 4,78 (Median 8,5) vs. 16,73 ± 8,57 (Median 15) Tage (p = 0,045). Die Gewichtsentwicklung verlief in beiden Studiengruppen nicht different. Die Kinder in der ST-Gruppe konnten bei einem Gewicht von 116% des Geburtsgewichtes vollständig enteral ernährt werden, in der IN-Gruppe bei einem Gewicht von 122% des Geburtsgewichtes. Die Inzidenz der nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis (4%) und anderer Komplikationen blieb in beiden Studiengruppen niedrig. Die Diagnose „Ernährungsschwierigkeiten“ wurde mit klaren Symptomen definiert und in der IN-Gruppe doppelt so oft gestellt, wie in der ST-Gruppe (14 vs. 7) Schlussfolgerung Das Standardisieren führte unter den Studienbedingungen nicht zu einer Beschleunigung des Nahrungsaufbaus. Anhand unserer Ergebnisse ist es möglich, dass die hypotrophen Frühgeborenen von der standardisierten Ernährung entsprechend des Ernährungsprotokolls profitieren. Diese Hypothese muss in einer neuen Studie überprüft werden. Diese Kinder konnten schneller vollständig enteral ernährt werden, als Frühgeborene, mit individuellem enteralem Nahrungsaufbau. Ein standardisiertes Nahrungsprotokoll ist im klinischen Alltag durchsetzbar, und darauf aufbauend ein enteraler Nahrungsaufbau unter strenger klinischer Beobachtung ohne Komplikationen erfolgreich durchführbar.

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