Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-15T12:54:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Stevan G Alves.pdf: 5353564 bytes, checksum: 1733226f65e0bf13e50a6cea4bca2350 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T12:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Stevan G Alves.pdf: 5353564 bytes, checksum: 1733226f65e0bf13e50a6cea4bca2350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / O Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape tem sido alvo de importantes investimentos tanto da iniciativa privada, quanto do setor público, tendo como premissa o desenvolvimento do Estado de Pernambuco. Contudo, este empreendimento tem originado inúmeros impactos ao ambiente e à saúde das populações tradicionais sobrepostas por esse mega projeto, dentre elas a do Engenho Mercês. Essa população é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de atividades tradicionais no ambiente em que vivem, porém tem sofrido impactos negativos a partir das atividades produtivas da Refinaria Abreu e Lima e da empresa Suape impossibilitando a continuação de seus hábitos e modos de vida, além de serem excluídas das decisões sobre mudanças em seus territórios. Diante desse fato, a pesquisa teve como objetivo: Identificar fatores que possam interferir na saúde ambiental das populações diretamente ligadas às áreas do Complexo Industrial e Portuário de SUAPE (CIPS), investigando se existe relação entre os principais riscos e agravos à saúde presentes nessas comunidades e as atividades produtivas das indústrias. Para alcançar os objetivos da pesquisa, utilizou-se a análise crítica do discurso como técnica de analise científica e procedimentos metodológicos, tais como: revisão bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo nos meses de Novembro de 2014 e Julho a Setembro de 2015. A coleta de dados se desenvolveu através de entrevistas com os moradores, observação direta e registros fotográficos. A análise dos resultados revelou que o CIPS tem uma importância econômica fundamental para o Estado de Pernambuco e a região Nordeste como um todo. Porém, esse “desenvolvimento” não traz benefícios para todas as camadas sociais, visto que as populações mais vulneráveis que estão “inseridas” neste complexo sofrem com o ônus do progresso, configurando situações de injustiças e conflitos socioambientais. Outro resultado foi a identificação de doenças que surgiram a partir das atividades de implantação e operação da refinaria através de emissões atmosféricas, poluição sonora e efluentes líquidos que vêm alterando o perfil epidemiológico da comunidade em estudo. Visando uma mudança neste cenário, é fundamental compreender que a promoção da saúde da população depende, essencialmente, da qualidade do ambiente e dos modelos de produção em que estes indivíduos se encontram. Desta forma, pensar em qualidade de vida implica defender modalidades de desenvolvimento sustentável que promovam mudanças qualitativas significativas e que enfrente as crises do crescimento econômico, possibilitando um desenvolvimento que se reflita em melhorias nas condições socioambientais das diversas camadas da sociedade. / The Industrial Port Complex of Suape has been the subject of important investments both from the private sector, and the public sector, with the premise of the development of the State of Pernambuco. However, this development has originated numerous impacts on the environment and the health of traditional populations overlapped for this mega project, among them the Engenho Mercês. This population is characterized by the development of traditional activities in the environment in which they live, but has suffered negative impacts from the production activities of the Abreu e Lima Refinery and the Suape company prevented the continuation of their habits and ways of life, and are excluded from decisions about changes in their territories. Given this fact, the research aimed to identify factors that might interfere with the environmental health of the population directly linked to the areas of Industrial and Port Complex of Suape (CIPS), investigating whether there is a relationship between the principal risks and health problems in those communities and productive activities of the industries. To achieve the research objectives, we used critical discourse analysis as the scientific analysis technique and methodological procedures such as: literature review, document and field research in the months of November 2014 and July to September 2015. The gathering of data was developed by interviewing residents, direct observation and photographic records. The results showed that the CIPS is of fundamental economic importance for the state of Pernambuco and the Northeast as a whole. But this "development" is not beneficial to all levels of society, as the most vulnerable populations that are "embedded" in this complex suffer the burden of progress, setting situations of injustice and environmental conflicts. Another result was the identification of diseases that emerged from the implementation of activities and operation of the refinery through air emissions, noise pollution and effluents that are changing the community epidemiology being studied. Seeking a change in this scenario, it is essential to understand that the promotion of population health depends, essentially, on the quality of the environment and production models in which these individuals are. In this way, think of quality of life implies to defend sustainable development of modalities that promote significant qualitative changes and tackles the crisis of economic growth, enabling a development that is reflected in improvements in social and environmental conditions of the various strata of society

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-31T15:51:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) INJUSTIÇAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E INTERFERÊNCIAS NA SAÚDE DE POPULAÇÕES LOCALIZADAS NA ÁREA DO COMPLEXO INDUSTRIAL PORTUÁRIO D~1.pdf: 5353564 bytes, checksum: 1733226f65e0bf13e50a6cea4bca2350 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T15:51:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) INJUSTIÇAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E INTERFERÊNCIAS NA SAÚDE DE POPULAÇÕES LOCALIZADAS NA ÁREA DO COMPLEXO INDUSTRIAL PORTUÁRIO D~1.pdf: 5353564 bytes, checksum: 1733226f65e0bf13e50a6cea4bca2350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / CAPEs / O Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape tem sido alvo de importantes investimentos tanto da iniciativa privada, quanto do setor público, tendo como premissa o desenvolvimento do Estado de Pernambuco. Contudo, este empreendimento tem originado inúmeros impactos ao ambiente e à saúde das populações tradicionais sobrepostas por esse mega projeto, dentre elas a do Engenho Mercês. Essa população é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de atividades tradicionais no ambiente em que vivem, porém tem sofrido impactos negativos a partir das atividades produtivas da Refinaria Abreu e Lima e da empresa Suape impossibilitando a continuação de seus hábitos e modos de vida, além de serem excluídas das decisões sobre mudanças em seus territórios. Diante desse fato, a pesquisa teve como objetivo: Identificar fatores que possam interferir na saúde ambiental das populações diretamente ligadas às áreas do Complexo Industrial e Portuário de SUAPE (CIPS), investigando se existe relação entre os principais riscos e agravos à saúde presentes nessas comunidades e as atividades produtivas das indústrias. Para alcançar os objetivos da pesquisa, utilizou-se a análise crítica do discurso como técnica de analise científica e procedimentos metodológicos, tais como: revisão bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo nos meses de Novembro de 2014 e Julho a Setembro de 2015. A coleta de dados se desenvolveu através de entrevistas com os moradores, observação direta e registros fotográficos. A análise dos resultados revelou que o CIPS tem uma importância econômica fundamental para o Estado de Pernambuco e a região Nordeste como um todo. Porém, esse “desenvolvimento” não traz benefícios para todas as camadas sociais, visto que as populações mais vulneráveis que estão “inseridas” neste complexo sofrem com o ônus do progresso, configurando situações de injustiças e conflitos socioambientais. Outro resultado foi a identificação de doenças que surgiram a partir das atividades de implantação e operação da refinaria através de emissões atmosféricas, poluição sonora e efluentes líquidos que vêm alterando o perfil epidemiológico da comunida de em estudo. Visando uma mudança neste cenário, é fundamental compreender que a promoção da saúde da população depende, essencialmente, da qualidade do ambiente e dos modelos de produção em que estes indivíduos se encontram. Desta forma, pensar em qualidade de vida implica defender modalidades de desenvolvimento sustentável que promovam mudanças qualitativas significativas e que enfrente as crises do crescimento econômico, possibilitando um desenvolvimento que se reflita em melhorias nas condições socioambientais das diversas camadas da sociedade. / The Industrial Port Complex of Suape has been the subject of important investments both from the private sector, and the public sector, with the premise of the development of the State of Pernambuco. However, this development has originated numerous impacts on the environment and the health of traditional populations overlapped for this mega project, among them the Engenho Mercês. This population is characterized by the development of traditional activities in the environment in which they live, but has suffered negative impacts from the production activities of the Abreu e Lima Refinery and the Suape company prevented the continuation of their habits and ways of life, and are excluded from decisions about changes in their territories. Given this fact, the research aimed to identify factors that might interfere with the environmental health of the population directly linked to the areas of Industrial and Port Complex of Suape (CIPS), investigating whether there is a relationship between the principal risks and health problems in those communities and productive activities of the industries. To achieve the research objectives, we used critical discourse analysis as the scientific analysis technique andmethodological procedures such as: literature review, document and field research in the months of November 2014 and July to September 2015. The gathering of data was developed by interviewing residents, direct observation and photographic records. The results showed that the CIPS is of fundamental economic importance for the state of Pernambuco and the Northeast as a whole. But this "development" is not beneficial to all levels of society, as the most vulnerable populations that are "embedded" in this complex suffer the burden of progress, setting situations of injustice and environmental conflicts. Another result was the identification of diseases that emerged from the implementation of activities and operation of the refinery through air emissions, noise pollution and effluents that are changing the community epidemiology being studied. Seeking a change in this scenario, it is essential to understand that the promotion of population health depends, essentially, on the quality of the environment and production models in which these individuals are. In this way, think of quality of life implies to defend sustainable development of modalities that promote significant qualitative changes and tackles the crisis of economic growth, enabling a development that is reflected in improvements in social and environmental conditions of the various strata of society.

No description available.

No description available.

Abstract : The work that follows analyses the environmental, cultural, economic and rhetorical methods of conceptualizing violence affecting traditional Niger-Deltan and pan-Indigenous peoples. Whispering in Shadows by Jeanette Armstrong and Yellow-Yellow by Kaine Agary represent how Okanagan and other pan-Indigenous peoples of the Americas and Niger Deltans experience contemporary forms of slow genocide as a result of environmental pollution and various forms of displacement from ancestral spaces. This analysis of both texts brings to the fore the Indigenous sense of life, well-being, and progress that is grounded in a holistic view of communal life on traditional lands, and places it in contrast with the non-traditional use of traditional lands, as well as the exploitation of Okanagan and Nigerian Indigenous peoples produced by the dominant socio-economic realities controlled by the forces of globalization. Indigenous environmentalism reflected by Armstrong’s and Agary’s novels views human relationships with the land in terms of an interconnected familial dependence, and not within extreme notions of romanticized abstinence from dependence on land or of capitalist exploitative use of land. In the light of the environmental criticism of Yellow-Yellow and Whispering in Shadows, I propose that both texts may be read as eco-literature. However the ecocritical work of both novels is based, not on Western-identified notions of ecocriticism that often prioritize the non-human through what Graham Huggan and Helen Tiffin describe as “anti-human” environmentalism. Rather, the novels adopt an Indigenous view of humans and non-humans not as competing subjects, but as interdependent and interrelated parts of one entity: the land. Agary’s and Armstrong’s renderings of displacement disrupt dominant utilitarian perceptions of the land by showing that it carries meaning and identity that encompasses culture, social, personal and communal existence. I suggest that a reaffirmation of culturally-grounded relations with the land, a reconnection to land and rebuilding of localized networks between Individuals in eco-devastated communities and between such communities in a form of globalization-from-below provides a strong base for healing, for cultural preservation, and for creative collaborative responses and solutions to globalization. Global minority collaboration and cultural affirmation ultimately has potentials of destabilizing and resisting globalization in sustainable ways. They insulate communities from the hegemony of the dominant Western socio-cultural models. The close familial ties between Indigenous peoples and the land, coupled with historic, cultural and economic meaning of land to such communities suggest that the loss of traditional land under systems of globalization is a traumatizing and devastating experience for traditional peoples. I argue that such cultural and physical dislocation normalizes a trend of infighting and social instability, which becomes a self-reproducing violence that exacerbates the process of slow genocide: “the emotional and physical harm done to survivors of violence over time that leads to extreme hardship and premature death for many” (Cottam, Huseby, and Lutze 2). At the heart of Armstrong’s and Agary’s texts are critiques of both environmental and social injustices that emanate from industrial activities on Indigenous traditional lands. The environmental representations of Armstrong and Agary portray Indigenous perspectives that link environmentalism to the cultural, economic and social facets of sustainability. The pan-Indigenous and African environmentalisms represented in Whispering in Shadows and in Yellow-Yellow respectively do not define “environmental concerns” and issues of justice in terms of separate issues that need linking. Rather, they represent the issues of equity, justice, and environmental, spiritual and cultural stability as a one and the same interrelated issue of sustainability. / Résumé : Ce qui suit analyse des dispositifs environnementaux, culturels, économiques et rhétoriques qui engendrent le déplacement chez les peuples traditionnels autochtones et du Delta de Niger. Whispering in Shadows de Jeannette Armstrong et Yellow-Yellow de Kaine Agary représentent, de manière similaire, la façon dont les peuples traditionnels autochtones et ceux du Delta de Niger expérimentent les formes contemporaines du génocide lent sous forme de pollution environnementale, ainsi que des déplacements spatiaux. Cette analyse porte un regard particulier sur le sens de la vie, du bien-être et du progrès selon les cultures traditionnelles autochtones qui se basent sur une vision globale de la vie commune sur la Terre ancestrale. Cette cosmologie est mise en contraste avec la culture mondialisée qui encourage notamment l’utilisation non-traditionnelle des terrains et l'exploitation des peuples traditionnels autochtones. L'environnementalisme autochtone reflété dans les romans d'Armstrong et d’Agary considère les relations des humains avec la Terre comme étant une dépendance familiale interconnectée. Cette relation ne se définit pas sur base des notions extrêmes d'abstinence romancée ou de non-dépendance sur la Terre. Elle n’est pas définie non plus par des notions de l'exploitation écocidaire capitaliste de la Terre. À la lumière de la critique environnementale de Whispering in Shadows et de Yellow-Yellow, je propose que les deux textes soient lus comme des éco-littératures. Cependant, le travail des deux romans écocritiques est fondé non sur les notions occidentales de l’écocritique qui privilégient souvent les non-humains dans un environnementalisme que Graham Huggan et Helen Tiffin (2010) décrivent comme étant « antihumain », mais plutôt sur celles qui considèrent les humains et les non-humains non pas comme des sujets en concurrence, mais comme les parties interdépendantes et intimement liées au sein d’une seule entité: la Terre. La conception de la question du déplacement selon Agary et Armstrong déstabilise la perception dominante matérialiste de la Terre en montrant que la Terre est porteuse d’un sens et d'une identité qui peuvent sembler arbitraires, mais qui englobent au fait la culture, la vie sociale, personnelle et communautaire. Je propose qu’une base solide pour gagner la guérison spirituelle, la préservation des cultures marginalisées et la lutte contre la mondialisation se trouve dans la réaffirmation des relations culturellement fondées avec la terre, la reconnexion à la terre et la construction de réseaux localisées entre les individus dans les communautés éco-dévasté, ainsi qu’entre ces communautés, dans une forme de « mondialisation d’en bas. » La collaboration entre les minorités et l'affirmation culturelle ont de la potentielle à déstabiliser et résister la mondialisation de manière durable. Cette globalisation d’en bas isole aussi les communautés de l'hégémonie des modèles socio-culturels dominants venant souvent de l’occident. Les liens familiaux étroits que partagent les peuples autochtones et leur Terre, ainsi que les significations historiques, culturels et économiques de la Terre pour ces communautés autochtones, suggèrent que la perte des espaces terrestres traditionnelles sous les systèmes de la mondialisation est vécue comme une véritable expérience traumatisante et dévastatrice. Cette injustice normalise par la suite une tendance de la violence latérale et de l'instabilité sociale qui devient une violence autoreproductrice et qui maintient le processus historique du génocide lent: «le préjudice émotionnel et physique subi par les victimes de la violence au fil du temps qui mène à la pauvreté extrême et à la mort prématurée pour beaucoup» (ma traduction : Cottam, Huseby, et Lutze 2). Au cœur des textes d'Armstrong et d’Agary se trouvent des critiques contre les injustices sociales et environnementales émanant des activités industrielles dans les espaces traditionnelles autochtones. L’environnementalisme d'Armstrong et d’Agary décrit des cosmologies autochtones qui interagissent entre l'écologie et les aspects culturelles, économiques et sociaux du développement durable. L’environnementalisme autochtone d’Armstrong et l’environnementalisme africain d’Agary, en fonction de leurs cosmologies traditionnelles respectives, ne conceptualisent pas des «préoccupations environnementales» et les questions de justice dans le contexte des questions distinctes qui devraient être liées comme la culture dominante occidentale les conçoivent. Pour eux, les questions de l'équité, de la justice, de la stabilité environnementale, spirituelle et culturelle ne sont qu’une et la même question du développement durable.

Funding support for this doctoral thesis has been provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Public Health Agency of Canada, QICSS matching grant, and la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales-Université de Montréal. / Contexte : Les données probantes rapportées au cours des 20 dernières années indiquent un déclin important de la pratique d’activités physiques. Les chercheurs considèrent que la diminution de l’activité physique est un facteur clé de l’augmentation du surpoids et de l’obésité chez les enfants. Les transport actifs (TA), à savoir les modes de transport non motorisés tels la marche ou le vélo pour aller à l’école ou en revenir, pourraient constituer une opportunité de pratique d’activité physique. Objective : Cette thèse vise à identifier les déterminants individuels et écologiques du TA et d’en évaluer les retombées de santé possibles. Quatre études visant les objectifs suivants ont été réalisés: (1) Parmi un échantillon d’enfants et d’adolescents québécois, décrire la proportion d’enfants qui utilisent la marche, le transport en commun, le véhicule familial, l’autobus scolaire ou une combinaison de modes de déplacement pour se déplacer vers l’école. (2) Identifier les facteurs associés au TA pour se déplacer vers l’école parmi un échantillon d’enfants et d’adolescents québécois. (3) Parmi des échantillons de jeunes québécois et canadiens, identifier les déterminants individuels et écologiques du TA pour se déplacer vers l’école. (4) Examiner l’association entre le TA pour se déplacer vers l’école et les changements d’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) entre la maternelle et la 2e année du primaire. Méthodologie : Trois bases de données avec échantillonnage de type populationnel ont été utilisées pour répondre à ces objectifs de recherche, soit l’Enquête Sociale et de Santé auprès des Enfants et Adolescents québécois (ESSEA), l’Étude Longitudinale Nationale des Enfants et des Jeunes du Canada (ELNEJ) l’Étude Longitudinale sur le Développement des Enfants du Québec (ELDEQ). Des analyses statistiques pour données longitudinales ont été appliquées. Résultats : Les analyses ont mis en lumière quatre résultats importants. 1) Les données de l’ESSEA indiquent que les enfants de 9 ans vivant en milieu urbain et provenant de familles ayant de faibles revenus avaient une probabilité significativement plus élevée d’utiliser le TA pour se déplacer vers l’école. 2) Les données de l’ELNEJ indiquent que certains facteurs sociodémographiques qui changent à travers le temps sont associés à une probabilité plus élevée d’utiliser le TA pour se déplacer vers l’école dont : le fait de vivre dans un ménage ayant un revenu insuffisant, de vivre dans un ménage avec un seul parent, d’avoir un frère ou une sœur plus âgé/e dans le ménage et de vivre dans un milieu urbain. 3) L’exploitation des données de l’ELDEQ démontre que certaines variables associées à l’utilisation de TA pour se déplacer vers l’école sont le fait d’être un enfant provenant d’un ménage aux revenus insuffisants, de résider dans des quartiers pauvres et de vivre dans des quartiers perçus comme étant moyens, mauvais ou très mauvais pour élever des enfants. Ces résultats suggèrent que les enfants qui sont les moins favorisés sont les plus exposés à des environnements défavorables au TA et donc sont exposés à une forme d’injustice environnementale. 4) Enfin, l’IMC des enfants qui adoptent systématiquement la pratique du TA pour se déplacer vers l’école entre la maternelle à la 2e année du primaire suit une trajectoire plus saine que celle des enfants qui n’ont pas maintenu ce mode de TA. Conclusion: Bien que l’utilisation du TA pour se déplacer vers l'école puisse s'avérer favorable à la santé des enfants et des jeunes tel que démontré par l’évolution favorable de l’IMC des enfants adoptant cette pratique à plus long terme, la sécurité des routes menant vers l’école doit être améliorée pour permettre aux enfants de bénéficier de retombées positives de cette habitude de vie. Afin d’approfondir les connaissances dans ce domaine, il serait opportun de reproduire ces résultats avec des données issues de mesures de la dangerosité du quartier obtenues par des moyens autres que les questionnaires auto-rapportés de même que des données provenant d’études avec des devis quasi-expérimentaux ou expérimentaux qui ont recours à de grands échantillons représentatifs dans les zones urbaines où le TA pour se rendre et revenir de l’école est le plus probable. / Rationale: Evidence from the past 20 years points to important secular declines in physical activity. Researchers point to this decline as a factor in the increase in overweight and obesity among children. Active transportation (AT), defined as non-motorized modes of transportation such as walking or cycling to/from school, is one potential opportunity for physical activity. Previous studies have conceptual and methodological shortcomings thus limiting our understanding of the phenomenon. Objective: The overarching goals of the thesis are to identify individual and ecologic determinants of AT and to evaluate the possible health benefits of AT. Four investigations address the following specific objectives: (1) To describe the proportion of children who walked, used public transit, were driven to school in a school bus or vehicle, or used multiple transportation modes to and from school in a population-based sample of children and adolescents living in Quebec, Canada. (2) To identify correlates of AT to and from school among children and youth in a population-based sample of children and adolescents living in Quebec, Canada. (3) To identify time-varying and time-invariant individual and ecologic determinants of AT to/from school across the school years in population-based samples of Quebec and Canadian children. (4) To examine the relationship between AT to and from school with change in body mass index (BMI) from kindergarten to grade 2 in a population-based sample of Quebec children. Methods: Three population-based samples of youth were used to address these objectives, including the 1999 Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS), the Canadian National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth (NLSCY), and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Longitudinal analyses techniques were applied. Results: Analyses show four sets of findings. 1) According to the QCAHS, children who were 9 years old, living in urban areas, and were from low household income families were significantly more likely to use AT to/from school. 2) Findings from the NLSCY study indicated that the time-varying predictors: living in a household with insufficient income, living in a household with only one parent, having an older sibling in the household, and living in an urban setting were associated with greater likelihood of using AT to/from school. 3) With the use of QLSCD, patterns of AT to/from school across time, were identified including children who were from insufficient income households, and residing in economically deprived neighbourhoods. These results indicate that children who are the most underprivileged and exposed to environments not conducive for AT are those most likely to use AT to/from school suggesting the presence of environmental injustice. 4) Finally, the BMI of children who use AT to/from school consistently from Kindergarten to Grade 2 espoused a more healthy trajectory in comparison to that of children who did not use sustained AT to/from school. Conclusion: Although AT to/from school may prove to be favourable to the health of children, as manifested through healthful changes in BMI across time, routes to school need to be safe in order for all children to benefit from this behaviour. Replication studies that use measures of neighbourhood dangerosity that go beyond self-report, natural experiments, and inclusion of large representative samples from urban areas are needed.

Contexte : Les données probantes rapportées au cours des 20 dernières années indiquent un déclin important de la pratique d’activités physiques. Les chercheurs considèrent que la diminution de l’activité physique est un facteur clé de l’augmentation du surpoids et de l’obésité chez les enfants. Les transport actifs (TA), à savoir les modes de transport non motorisés tels la marche ou le vélo pour aller à l’école ou en revenir, pourraient constituer une opportunité de pratique d’activité physique. Objective : Cette thèse vise à identifier les déterminants individuels et écologiques du TA et d’en évaluer les retombées de santé possibles. Quatre études visant les objectifs suivants ont été réalisés: (1) Parmi un échantillon d’enfants et d’adolescents québécois, décrire la proportion d’enfants qui utilisent la marche, le transport en commun, le véhicule familial, l’autobus scolaire ou une combinaison de modes de déplacement pour se déplacer vers l’école. (2) Identifier les facteurs associés au TA pour se déplacer vers l’école parmi un échantillon d’enfants et d’adolescents québécois. (3) Parmi des échantillons de jeunes québécois et canadiens, identifier les déterminants individuels et écologiques du TA pour se déplacer vers l’école. (4) Examiner l’association entre le TA pour se déplacer vers l’école et les changements d’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) entre la maternelle et la 2e année du primaire. Méthodologie : Trois bases de données avec échantillonnage de type populationnel ont été utilisées pour répondre à ces objectifs de recherche, soit l’Enquête Sociale et de Santé auprès des Enfants et Adolescents québécois (ESSEA), l’Étude Longitudinale Nationale des Enfants et des Jeunes du Canada (ELNEJ) l’Étude Longitudinale sur le Développement des Enfants du Québec (ELDEQ). Des analyses statistiques pour données longitudinales ont été appliquées. Résultats : Les analyses ont mis en lumière quatre résultats importants. 1) Les données de l’ESSEA indiquent que les enfants de 9 ans vivant en milieu urbain et provenant de familles ayant de faibles revenus avaient une probabilité significativement plus élevée d’utiliser le TA pour se déplacer vers l’école. 2) Les données de l’ELNEJ indiquent que certains facteurs sociodémographiques qui changent à travers le temps sont associés à une probabilité plus élevée d’utiliser le TA pour se déplacer vers l’école dont : le fait de vivre dans un ménage ayant un revenu insuffisant, de vivre dans un ménage avec un seul parent, d’avoir un frère ou une sœur plus âgé/e dans le ménage et de vivre dans un milieu urbain. 3) L’exploitation des données de l’ELDEQ démontre que certaines variables associées à l’utilisation de TA pour se déplacer vers l’école sont le fait d’être un enfant provenant d’un ménage aux revenus insuffisants, de résider dans des quartiers pauvres et de vivre dans des quartiers perçus comme étant moyens, mauvais ou très mauvais pour élever des enfants. Ces résultats suggèrent que les enfants qui sont les moins favorisés sont les plus exposés à des environnements défavorables au TA et donc sont exposés à une forme d’injustice environnementale. 4) Enfin, l’IMC des enfants qui adoptent systématiquement la pratique du TA pour se déplacer vers l’école entre la maternelle à la 2e année du primaire suit une trajectoire plus saine que celle des enfants qui n’ont pas maintenu ce mode de TA. Conclusion: Bien que l’utilisation du TA pour se déplacer vers l'école puisse s'avérer favorable à la santé des enfants et des jeunes tel que démontré par l’évolution favorable de l’IMC des enfants adoptant cette pratique à plus long terme, la sécurité des routes menant vers l’école doit être améliorée pour permettre aux enfants de bénéficier de retombées positives de cette habitude de vie. Afin d’approfondir les connaissances dans ce domaine, il serait opportun de reproduire ces résultats avec des données issues de mesures de la dangerosité du quartier obtenues par des moyens autres que les questionnaires auto-rapportés de même que des données provenant d’études avec des devis quasi-expérimentaux ou expérimentaux qui ont recours à de grands échantillons représentatifs dans les zones urbaines où le TA pour se rendre et revenir de l’école est le plus probable. / Rationale: Evidence from the past 20 years points to important secular declines in physical activity. Researchers point to this decline as a factor in the increase in overweight and obesity among children. Active transportation (AT), defined as non-motorized modes of transportation such as walking or cycling to/from school, is one potential opportunity for physical activity. Previous studies have conceptual and methodological shortcomings thus limiting our understanding of the phenomenon. Objective: The overarching goals of the thesis are to identify individual and ecologic determinants of AT and to evaluate the possible health benefits of AT. Four investigations address the following specific objectives: (1) To describe the proportion of children who walked, used public transit, were driven to school in a school bus or vehicle, or used multiple transportation modes to and from school in a population-based sample of children and adolescents living in Quebec, Canada. (2) To identify correlates of AT to and from school among children and youth in a population-based sample of children and adolescents living in Quebec, Canada. (3) To identify time-varying and time-invariant individual and ecologic determinants of AT to/from school across the school years in population-based samples of Quebec and Canadian children. (4) To examine the relationship between AT to and from school with change in body mass index (BMI) from kindergarten to grade 2 in a population-based sample of Quebec children. Methods: Three population-based samples of youth were used to address these objectives, including the 1999 Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS), the Canadian National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth (NLSCY), and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Longitudinal analyses techniques were applied. Results: Analyses show four sets of findings. 1) According to the QCAHS, children who were 9 years old, living in urban areas, and were from low household income families were significantly more likely to use AT to/from school. 2) Findings from the NLSCY study indicated that the time-varying predictors: living in a household with insufficient income, living in a household with only one parent, having an older sibling in the household, and living in an urban setting were associated with greater likelihood of using AT to/from school. 3) With the use of QLSCD, patterns of AT to/from school across time, were identified including children who were from insufficient income households, and residing in economically deprived neighbourhoods. These results indicate that children who are the most underprivileged and exposed to environments not conducive for AT are those most likely to use AT to/from school suggesting the presence of environmental injustice. 4) Finally, the BMI of children who use AT to/from school consistently from Kindergarten to Grade 2 espoused a more healthy trajectory in comparison to that of children who did not use sustained AT to/from school. Conclusion: Although AT to/from school may prove to be favourable to the health of children, as manifested through healthful changes in BMI across time, routes to school need to be safe in order for all children to benefit from this behaviour. Replication studies that use measures of neighbourhood dangerosity that go beyond self-report, natural experiments, and inclusion of large representative samples from urban areas are needed. / Funding support for this doctoral thesis has been provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Public Health Agency of Canada, QICSS matching grant, and la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales-Université de Montréal.

COSTA, Ademir da Silva.Demandas do movimento ambiental por áreas verdes em Fortaleza.2011. 359 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente(PRODEMA),Fortaleza-CE,2011. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T13:00:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_ascosta.pdf: 11790859 bytes, checksum: 13892f08be70f995fcef5b566e005dd2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia(demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T13:04:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_ascosta.pdf: 11790859 bytes, checksum: 13892f08be70f995fcef5b566e005dd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T13:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_ascosta.pdf: 11790859 bytes, checksum: 13892f08be70f995fcef5b566e005dd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / It shows an overview of the history of social movements in environmental nature of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, in the period from 1970 to 2011, their demands for the institution, maintenance and / or preservation of green areas of the city, its strategies, difficulties and achievements. It also makes a critical analysis of the growth of Fortaleza, in the light of sustainable development, the concept of the World Commission on Environment and Development, the United Nations. It uses as methods the oral history and the participant observation to address, in a territory that is a urban booming, the dispute between twenty civil society movements and the power concentrated in the retainers of means of production and the state apparatus, under the hegemony of capital. / Mostra uma visão da história dos movimentos sociais de cunho ambiental de Fortaleza, Estado do Ceará, no período que vai da década 1970 a 2011, suas demandas para a instituição, a conservação e/ou a preservação de áreas verdes da cidade, suas estratégias, dificuldades e conquistas. Faz, igualmente, uma análise crítica do crescimento de Fortaleza, à luz do desenvolvimento sustentável, conceito da Comissão Mundial de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, da Organização das Nações Unidas. Usa como métodos a história oral e a observação participante ao abordar, em um território que se encontra em franca expansão urbana, a disputa entre vinte movimentos da sociedade civil e o poder concentrado nos detentores dos meios de produção e no aparelho do Estado, sob a hegemonia do capital.

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