Orientador: José Correa de Lacerda Neto / Banca: Rosangela Zacarias Machado / Banca: Wilson Roberto Fernandes / Resumo: A transferência de imunidade passiva, através da ingestão do colostro é um fator de grande importância para a sobrevivência de potros neonatos. O colostro é rico em imunoglobulinas, que constitui para esses animais a única fonte de proteção contra os agentes infecciosos durante o período neonatal, fase em que os animais apresentam maior susceptibilidade às doenças. Dentre estas, destaca-se a infecção ocasionada pelo Rhodococcus equi, responsável por elevadas taxas de mortalidade e grandes perdas econômicas. A infecção possui distribuição mundial e causa pneumonia supurativa e enterite associada a linfadenite em potros com menos de seis meses de idade. Apesar da sua grande importância no Brasil, a rodococose ainda é pouco estudada em nossas condições. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resposta imune humoral entre éguas das raças Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Bretã previamente imunizadas para R. equi, e avaliar o efeito da imunoprofilaxia ativa materna na transferência de anticorpos específicos protetores, via colostro, para neonatos eqüinos, utilizando na detecção de anticorpos o ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA teste), comparando dois diferentes antígenos (APTX e comercial). Os resultados demonstraram que ocorreu aumento na titulação de anticorpos anti-Rhodococcus equi nos grupos de éguas após a vacinação e transferência de anticorpos através do colostro para os potros neonatos. Não houve efeito da raça na produção de anticorpos. O antígeno comercial detectou títulos de anticorpos maiores e mais persistentes do que o antígeno APTX... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The passive immunity transfer through colostrum is very important to new-born foals survival. The colostrum is immunoglobulin full, wich is responsable to protect against infectious agents during new-born period, stage that animals present higher susceptibility to diseases. Among these, the infection caused by Rhodococcus equi has the great importance, responsable for large economics damage and high mortality rates in animals illness. The infection has a world-wide distribuition and it causes suppurative pneumonia and enterits associated to limphadenitis in foals under 6 months old. Although its great importance in Brazil, this disease is not well studied. The aims of this study was to compare the humoral immune respost between the breeds "Brasileiro de hipismo" (BH) and Breton, previously vaccinated against Rhodococcus equi, and to evaluate the matern immunoprofilaxy effect in the specific antibodies transfer through colostrum to new-born foals, using the Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-test) comparing two differents antigens ("APTX" and comercial"). The results demonstrated that there were an increase in mares antibodies after vaccination and also antibodies transfer through colostrum to new-born foals. There was no breed effect in the antibodies production. The Comercial antigen demonstrated antibodies titulation higher and more persistents than APTX antigen. The ELISA-test demonstrated sensible R. equi antibodies determination. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guazzelli_a_me_botfmvz.pdf: 415224 bytes, checksum: 21f876feebee52f17c73bdef5ce2ef0c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A rodococose suína compreende doença infecciosa caracterizada por linfadenites piogranulomatosas. Diferentes fatores de virulência são reconhecidos na patogenicidade de Rhodococcus equi. A estrutura da parede celular bacteriana, a viabilidade no interior de fagócitos e na ausência de ferro, a produção de citotoxinas, a resistência aos antimicrobianos convencionais e, recentemente, a presença de proteínas associadas à virulência (Vap) reguladas por plasmídios, são considerados os principais mecanismos de virulência do microrganismo. Diferentes fatores de virulência foram avaliados em 23 (6,1%) linhagens de R. equi isoladas de 378 linfonodos submandibulares e mesentéricos de suínos e javalis (Sus scrofa). Foram realizados exames microbiológicos em 129 linfonodos apresentando lesões (linfadenite) e 129 sem lesões (controle) de suínos, e 60 linfonodos com lesões e 60 sem lesões de javalis. Dentre as 23 linhagens de R. equi, 19 (7,4%) foram isoladas de suínos, das quais 17 obtidas de linfonodos com lesões e duas sem lesões. Das 19 linhagens de suínos, 18 (94,7%) foram obtidos de linfonodos submandibulares e um (5,3%) de mesentérico. As quatro (3.3%) linhagens de R. equi isoladas de javalis foram obtidas exclusivamente de linfonodos com lesões. Destes, três foram obtidos de linfonodos submandibulares e um de mesentérico. Dentre nove antimicrobianos testados, azitromicina (100,0%), gentamicina (100,0%), levofloxacina (100,0%), vancomicina (100,0%), amoxicillina/ácido clavulânico (94,7%), eritromicina (94,7%) e rifampicina (94,7%) foram os fármacos mais efetivos. Baixa ocorrência de resistência aos antimicrobianos nos isolados de suínos foi observada contra os fármacos testados. A concentração inibitória mínima (MIC90) da azitromicina, eritromicina e rifampicina foi observada, respectivamente, em ≤2 µg/mL, ≤0,5 µg/mL and ≤1 µg/mL... / The rhodococcosis in swine comprise an infectious disease characterized by pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. Different virulence factors are recognized in pathogenicity of the Rhodococcus equi. The structure of bacterial cell wall, the viability inside of phagocytes and in absence of iron, the production of cytotoxins, the resistance to conventional antimicrobials and recently, the presence of proteins associated to virulence (Vap) regulated by plasmids, are considered the most important virulence mechanisms of microorganism. Different virulence factors were evaluated in 23 (6.1%) R. equi strains isolated from 378 submandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes of swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa). Microbiological exams were performed in 129 lymph nodes presenting lesions (lymphadenitis) and 129 without lesions (controls) from swine, and 60 lymph nodes with lesions and 60 without lesions from wild boars. Among 23 R. equi strains, 19 (7.4%) were isolated from swine and, from these, 17 were obtained from lymph nodes with lesions and two without lesions. From 19 strains isolated from swine, 18 (94.7%) were obtained of submandibular lymph nodes and one (5.3%) from mesenteric. The four (3.3%) R. equi strains isolated from wild boars were obtained exclusively of lymph nodes presenting lesions. From these, three were obtained from submandibular lymph nodes and one of mesenteric. Among nine antimicrobials tested, azithromycin (100.0%), gentamicin (100.0%), levofloxacin (100.0%), vancomycin (100.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (94.7%), erythromycin (94.7%) and rifampin (94.7%) were the most–effective drugs. Low rates of resistance to antimicrobials in swine isolates were observed against drugs tested. The inhibitory minimal concentration of 90% of isolates (MIC90) with use of azithromycin, erythromycin and rifampin were observed respectively in 2 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg /mL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Márcio Garcia Ribeiro / Resumo: Os patógenos entéricos são um grupo complexo de micro-organismos que causam doenças em animais e humanos. Os gatos domésticos podem ser considerados carreadores de patógenos entéricos com potencial zoonótico devido ao hábito de auto-limpeza, estabelecer amplo território, pelo instinto de caça e eliminar subclinicamente patógenos. O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Clostridium spp. e Rhodococcus equi nas fezes de 200 gatos domésticos sem sinais entéricos, dos quais 100 pertenciam ao ambiente urbano e 100 à áreas rurais. Marcadores de virulência de E. coli, Clostridium spp. e R. equi também foram investigados. Do total de 200 amostras fecais avaliadas foram identificadas 175 (88%) linhagens de E. coli das quais 93 (93%) de gatos de ambiente urbano e 82 (82%) de gatos de área rural. Houve diferença significante (p=0,03) entre os grupos para frequência mais alta de isolamento de E. coli em gatos de ambiente urbano. Dentre os marcadores de virulência de E. coli foram identificados os genes eae (13%), escN (13%), stx1 (1%), stx2 (0,6%), aatA (0,6%) e ipaH (0,6%). Foram isoladas 86 (43%) linhagens de C. perfringens A, das quais em 21 (24%) foi detectado o gene cpb2, que codifica a toxina beta 2 e em uma (1%) linhagem foi identificado o gene cpe, responsável pela codificação da enterotoxina. Também foram identificados cinco (2%) isolados de C. difficile, dos quais um (20%) apresentou os genes tcdA e tcdB, codificadores das toxinas A e B, re... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Enteric pathogens are a complex group of microorganisms associated to diseases in animals and humans. Domestic cats may be considered carriers of enteric pathogens with zoonotic potential, due to habit of self-cleaning, to establish wide territory of life, by hunting behavior, and subclinical elimination of pathogens through feces. The aim of present study was investigate the occurrence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Clostridium spp., and Rhodococcus equi in 200 fecal samples of cats without enteric signs, of which 100 cats belonging to urban area and 100 to farm environment. Virulence markers from E. coli, Clostridium spp. and R. equi were also tested. Among 200 fecal samples were identified 175 (88%) E. coli strains, from these, 93 (93%) were from feces of cats breeding in urban areas, whereas 82 (82%) were from animals from farms. Statistical difference was observed (p=0.03) to higher identification of E. coli from cats breeding in urban area. Genes eae (13%), escN (13%), stx1 (1%), stx2 (0,6%), aatA (0,6%) e ipaH (0,6%) were indentified from virulent markers in E. coli strains. Eighty-six (43%) C. perfringens A were isolated. From these, cpb2 gene (which encodes beta 2 toxin) was detected in 21 (24%) isolates, and cpe gene (which encodes enterotoxin) was identified in another (1%) isolate. Five (2%) strains of C. difficile were also identified. From these, only one (20%) presented tcdA e tcdB genes, which encodes A and B toxins, respectively. Were isolated also unco... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-05-03T14:32:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Neurisvan Ramos Guerra.pdf: 2637002 bytes, checksum: 451efc2cbd7dd76dda9b010b8b0189ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T14:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neurisvan Ramos Guerra.pdf: 2637002 bytes, checksum: 451efc2cbd7dd76dda9b010b8b0189ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / The equid industry in Brazil occupies a prominent position worldwide, with about eight million equids. Diseases caused by protozoa such as Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and Neospora spp. as well as parasites that cause zoonotic protozooses such as Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii represent one of the main obstacles in the development of the sector. Therefore, this study aims to detect infection by Leishmania spp., Babesia caballi, Theileria equi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. and their respective risk factors in equidae created with different management forms. To perform the tests, 400 samples of whole blood and serum from clinically healthy equines, including horses, mules and donkeys from 41 rural properties in the state of Pernambuco were analyzed. In order to detect Leishmania spp., direct parasitological and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were performed. Concerning the presence of infection by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, direct parasitological tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi immunoglobulins detection. For the determination of seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, modified agglutination (MAT) tests were used to identify anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and anti-Neospora spp. All samples were negative for Leishmania spp. in the tests, suggesting that equidae do not participate in the epidemiological chain of leishmaniasis in the studied areas. The prevalence of anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi antibodies of 4.3% (17/400; CI: 2.6-6.9) and the presence of B. caballi and T. equi in the serological tests revealed a prevalence of 10.8% (43/400; CI: 8.0 - 14.3), respectively, and co-infection was detected in 1% (4/400) of the animals. These data allow the characterization of areas of enzootic instability in the sites surveyed. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 12.5% (50/400) of the animals analyzed. When evaluating the risk factors for T. gondii infection, only the mesoregion factor (p = 0.029) was associated with infection, particularly Zona da Mata (OR = 3). The results reveal the presence of the parasite in the studied area, which may represent a link in the transmission chain of toxoplasmosis. Seropositivity for Neospora spp. was 5.7% (23/400) and the variables age, breeding type and region presented statistical significance. In relation to age, it was observed that animals older than 11 years presented 11.8 times more chances of being serum-reactive wjhen compared with young animals (<2,5) and the prevalence found shows that the parasite is dispersed in the areas studied and that the variables age, breeding type and region are the most important risk factors for the occurrence of infection in equidae, and should be considered in the prevention of the disease. Considering the results found in the present study, the diagnosis of the various diseases present in the State of Pernambuco, when performed at an early stage, allows the application of preventive and control measures, contributing significantly to animal health and public health. / A equideocultura do Brasil ocupa posição de destaque mundial, com cerca de oito milhões de cabeças. Doenças causadas por protozoários como Babesia caballi, Theileria equi e Neospora spp. além de parasitos que causam protozooses zoonóticas a exemplo de Leishmania spp. e Toxoplasma gondii representam um dos principais entraves no desenvolvimento do setor. Diante disso, esse estudo tem como objetivo determinar as prevalências e fatores de risco associados às infecções por Leishmania spp., Babesia caballi (Nuttall & Strickland, 1910), Theileria equi (Mehlhorn & Schein, 1998), Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909) e Neospora spp. em equídeos submetidos a diferentes regimes de criação. Para realização dos exames, foram analisadas 400 amostras de sangue total e soro de equídeos clinicamente saudáveis, incluindo equinos (387/400), muares (9/400) e asininos (4/400) provenientes de 41 propriedades rurais do estado de Pernambuco. Com a finalidade da detecção de Leishmania spp., foram realizados os exames parasitológicos diretos e Reação em cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). No intuito de averiguar a presença de infecção por Babesia caballi e Theileria equi foram utilizados os exames parasitológico direto e Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática (ELISA), para detecção de imunoglobulinas anti-Babesia caballi e anti-Theileria equi. Para determinação das soroprevalências da toxoplasmose e neosporose foram utilizados os testes de aglutinação modificado (MAT) para identificação de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii e IgG anti-Neospora spp. Todas as amostras resultaram negativas para Leishmania spp. nos testes, o que sugere que os equídeos não participam da cadeia epidemiológica das leishmanioses nas áreas estudadas. Quanto à presença de B. caballi e T. equi, os testes sorológicos revelaram uma prevalência de anticorpos anti-Babesia caballi e anti-Theileria equi de 4.3% (17/400; I.C. 2,6 – 6.9%) e 10,8% (43/400; I.C. 8.0 – 14.3), respectivamente e foi detectada co-infecção em 1% (4/400) dos animais. Tais dados permitem caracterizar como áreas de instabilidade enzoótica os locais pesquisados. Anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii foram detectados em 12,5% (50/400) dos animais analisados. Quando avaliados os fatores de risco para infecção por T. gondii, apenas o fator mesorregião (p=0,029) apresentou associação com a infecção, particularmente Zona da Mata (OR=3). Os resultados revelam a presença do parasito na área estudada, o que pode representar um elo na cadeia de transmissão da toxoplasmose. A soropositividade para Neospora spp. total foi de 5,7% (23/400) e as variáveis idade, tipo de criação e região apresentaram significância estatística. Em relação à idade, observou-se que animais acima de 11 anos apresentaram 11,8 vezes de chances a mais de serem sororreagentes quando comparados com os animais jovens (<2,5) e a prevalência encontrada demonstra que o parasito está disperso nas áreas estudadas e que as variáveis idade, tipo de criação e região são fatores de riscos mais importantes para ocorrência da infecção em equídeos, devendo ser considerados na prevenção da doença. Considerando os resultados encontrados no presente estudo, o diagnóstico das diversas doenças presentes no estado de Pernambuco, quando realizado de forma precoce, possibilita a aplicação de medidas preventivas e de controle, contribuindo significativamente com a sanidade animal e saúde pública.

The aim of this study was to determine executive function outcomes after an equi-therapy intervention in a group of Tourette syndrome children. Equi-therapy is a new form of therapeutic horse riding, which is related to the stimulation of the vestibular system through sensory integration in the brain. For this study a non-equivalent control group design was implemented. The study consisted of 8 Tourette syndrome children aged between 9 and 15, who were referred after a definite Tourette syndrome diagnosis from various neurologists and paediatricians. Both groups were evaluated on a battery of 6 neuropsychological tests measuring various aspects of executive function before and after receiving the therapeutic horse riding intervention. The tests used were the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Stroop Colour Word Test, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, the Trail Making Test A and B, the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Qualitative inputs were also included in the study. These consisted of behavioural checklists completed by the participants’ parents, the evaluation of the participants’ copy drawings as ’frontal’ or ’normal’ obtained from the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, and results of tests that were administered by an occupational therapist as part of the required evaluation for the therapeutic horse riding (equi-therapy) itself. Results of the neuropsychological tests indicated significant differences for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Colour Word Test and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, indicating improvements in selective attention, cognitive flexibility, visualspatial constructional ability, visuomotor integration, visual memory and organisational strategies. The qualitative results indicted improvements in emotional and behavioural aspects. Executive abilities are a very complex system and evaluation should always include robust and sensitive neuropsychological tests. It seems as if Tourette syndrome could be directly related to executive dysfunction, but not in a simple manner as aspects may vary due to other more complex factors that may contribute to these dysfunctions. However, for equi-therapy as an alternative form of therapy, the opportunity should not be lost to establish its efficacy because of the possible beneficial outcome. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted

Rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen in foals between one to six months of age and is a major cause of death in in these animals. In addition, R. equi has recently emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunosuppressed humans, especially those infected with HIV. Despite the ability of the organism to survive stressful growth conditions, for example, exposure to elevated temperature and oxygen radicals, the role of heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of R. equi has not been well documented. In this project we developed and optimised methods to purify the heat shock protein DnaK from R. equi, using a combination of ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. The effectiveness of the purification protocols were assessed using SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting with anti-DnaK antibodies, and the enzymic activity of the purified DnaK was verified with an ATPase assay. ATPase assays were also used to investigate the roles of other heat shock proteins in enhancing the activity of DnaK.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Katia Roberta Fernandes.pdf: 2143619 bytes, checksum: 6ff7127f4642317cf1f53d7aceb93f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aim of the present study was to evaluate the natural and experimental infection of B. equi in nymphs and adult Boophilus microplus using optical microscopy and molecular analysis. The experimental infection was observed in nymphs, males and females of B. microplus fed on equines chronically infected with B. equi and in non fed larvae and eggs. For the experiments two equines, of not defined breed, proven to be infected with B. equi were used. The animals were infested with B. microplus larvae of generation F4 obtained from a laboratory maintained population, known to be free of Babesia spp. infection. Daily collections of ticks were realized using as starting point the ecdisys to nymph state. After the collection the hemolymph was examined and the intestine and salivary glands were dissected, smashed on glass slides for microscopy, methanol treated and stained with Giemsa. There were dissected 860 specimens (432 nymphs, 280 females and 148 males). The dissected salivary glands were divided into two parts. The first one was smashed on microscopy glass slides, stained and examined by optical microscopy for morphologic analyses. From the second part was realized DNA extraction and PCR with specific primers for the 18S rRNA. On optical microscopy of nymph hemolymph was possible to be observed the presence of kinetes with claviform aspect characteristic for the genus Babesia. In the salivary glands of B. microplus nymphs the morphology and the sequence of developmental stages of B. equi were observed initiating on day 4 after ecdysis, being possible to see in acinary cells the formation of sporoblasts and ovoid sporozoites measuring 1.5 &#956;m of diameter and elongated sporozoites with 3.8 to 5.2&#956;m of length and 0.8 to 1.5 &#956;m of width. The PCR confirmed the presence of B. equi in DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of nymphs, male and female ticks as well as in larvae and eggs. To evaluate the natural infection were collected nymphs and adult B. microplus from two equines naturally infested by these ticks and naturally infected with B. equi. These horses were originated from Seropedica city in the state of Rio de Janeiro. There were dissected 324 specimens (145 nymphs, 138 females and 41 males). The proceedings with the salivary glands were identical to the previously described for the experimental infection. Of the salivary glands submitted to PCR, 70% showed to be infected with B. equi. Microscopical analysis of the salivary glands revealed the presence of sporoblast stages and the development of elongated sporozoites in acinary glands. The morphologic, morphometric and molecular analysis confirmed the experimental and natural infection of the salivary glands of nymphs and adult B. microplus with B. equi. The results of the present study show the ability of B. equi to develop in this tick species. The detection of B. equi DNA in eggs and larvae also suggests the possibility of transovarian transmission in B. microplus. The results allow to consider the tick B. microplus as a potential biologic vector of B. equi in horses from the studied region. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a infec??o natural e experimental de Babesia equi em ninfas e adultos de Boophilus microplus por meio de microscopia ?ptica e an?lise molecular. A infec??o experimental foi observada a partir de ninfas, machos, f?meas, ovos e larvas n?o alimentadas de B. microplus alimentados em equinos com infec??o cr?nica por B. equi. Para a realiza??o do experimento foram utilizados dois eq?inos, mesti?os, com infec??o por B. equi. Os animais foram infestados com larvas de B. microplus de gera??o F4 obtidas de col?nia mantida em laborat?rio e livres de infec??o por Babesia spp. A partir da ecdise para ninfa foram realizadas coletas di?rias. Ap?s a coleta foram realizados os exames de hemolinfa e extra??o do intestino e das gl?ndulas salivares os quais foram macerados em l?minas de vidro para microscopia, fixados em metanol e corados com Giemsa. As gl?ndulas salivares dissecadas foram divididas em duas partes. A primeira parte foi macerada em l?minas de vidro para microscopia, corada com corante Giemsa e observada em microsc?pio ?tico para an?lise morfol?gica. A segunda parte foi realizada a extra??o de DNA, sendo submetida a PCR com primers especif?cos para o gene 18S rRNA para B. equi. Foram dissecados 860 esp?cimes (ninfas= 432; f?meas= 280 e machos= 148). Na microscopia ?ptica foi poss?vel observar nas hemolinfas das ninfas a presen?a de cinetos com aspecto claviforme t?picos do g?nero Babesia. Nas gl?ndulas salivares, a morfologia e a seq??ncia dos est?gios de desenvolvimento de B. equi das ninfa s de B. microplus, foram observadas a partir do 4? dia ap?s ecdise, sendo poss?vel observar nos ?cinos celulares a forma??o de esporoblastos e de esporozo?tas ov?ides medindo 1,5 &#956;m de di?metro e alongados medindo 3,8 a 5,2&#956;m de comprimento e 0,8 a 1,5&#956;m de largura. A rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) confirmou a presen?a de B. equi em DNA de gl?ndulas salivares extra?das de ninfas, machos, f?meas, assim como dos ovos e larva. A infec??o natural foi observada a partir de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus coletados de dois eq?inos naturalmente infestados e comprovadamente infectados por B. equi, procedentes do munic?pio de Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro. Foram dissecados 324 esp?cimes (ninfas= 145, f?meas= 138 e machos= 41). O processamento das gl?ndulas salivares dissecadas foi semelhante ao descrito para infec??o experimental. Das gl?ndulas salivares submetidas a PCR, 70% apresentaram resultados positivos para B. equi. As an?lises por microscopia ?ptica das gl?ndulas salivares das ninfas e dos adultos revelaram a presen?a nos ?cinos celulares os est?gios de esporoblastos e o desenvolvimento de esporozo?tas alongados. As an?lises morfol?gicas, morfom?tricas e moleculares confirmaram a infec??o experimental e natural das gl?ndulas salivares de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus por B. equi. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a capacidade de multiplica??o de B. equi em gl?ndulas salivares de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus. A detec??o de DNA de B. equi em ovos e larvas de B. microplus tamb?m sugere a possibilidade da transmiss?o transovariana nesta esp?cie de carrapato. Estes resultados sugerem que o carrapato B. microplus ? vetor biol?gico de B. equi na regi?o estudada.

The primary aim of this thesis is to map the syntactic and semantic nature, and the frequency of the Double Passive in Swedish. The results showed that the Double Passive is a control construction where the internal argument (OBJ) of the embedded verb is raised to subject of the s-passive matrix verb, and the verb of the infinitival complement co-occurs as an s-passive infinitive. In the thesis Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is used as a model for semantic and syntactic analysis. The analysis showed that when the AGENT in a Double Passive construction is suppressed, it creates an argument structure that triggers an equi verb to occur as a raising verb (cf. Ørsnes 2006:404). Overt agents within constructions containing the Double Passive showed an even lower frequency than the low frequencies documented in previous research of passive constructions by Silén (1997) and Laanemets (2010). The lower frequency is partly a result of the fact that agents in a Double Passive construction are suppressed twice. The results of a corpus study showed a frequency of 3.57 % of overt agents within constructions containing Double Passives. The complementizer att ‘to’ in the subordinated infinitive clause of a Double Passive is overtly expressed, partly depending on the degree of modality of the matrix verb (cf. Sundman 1983; Teleman 1999; Lagerwall 1999), and the degree of semantic bonding between the matrix verb and the complement (Givón 2001b). The data (matrix verbs) collected in the corpus study were analysed according to a categorising-system in SAG (Teleman et al. 1999) and in Givón (2001a) and Givón (2001b). The matrix verbs with strong nominal (lexical) properties, e.g. planera ‘plan’, showed a high frequency of co-occurrence with full infinitives, as compared to matrix verbs with largely grammatical meaning, e.g. avse ‘intend’. / Det primära syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga dubbelpassiv-konstruktionens syntaktiska och semantiska natur samt frekvens i det svenska språket. Resultaten visade att dubbelpassiven är en kontrollkonstruktion där det inbäddade verbets interna argument (OBJ) lyfts till positionen som det s-passiva matrisverbets subjekt, och där verbet i infinitivsatsen uttrycks som en s-passiv infinitiv. I uppsatsen används Lexical functional grammar (LFG) som modell för semantisk och syntaktisk analys. Analysen visade att då AGENTEN undertrycks, så skapas en argumentstruktur som får ett equi-verb att framträda som ett raising-verb (jmfr Ørsnes 2006:404). Explicita agenter, i konstruktioner med dubbelpassiver, visade en ännu lägre frekvens än den redan låga frekvens som dokumenterats i tidigare forskning om passiv-konstruktioner av Silén (1997) och Laanemets (2010). Den lägre frekvensen, är delvis ett resultat av faktumet att agenterna i en dubbelpassiv-konstruktion undertrycks två gånger. Resultaten av en korpusstudie visade att frekvensen av explicita agenter, i konstruktioner som innehåller dubbelpassiver, uppgick till 3.57 %. Komplementeraren "att" i den underordnade infinitivsatsen i en dubbelpassiv uttrycks explicit – delvis beroende på matrisverbens modala egenskaper (jmfr. Sundman 1983; Teleman 1999; Lagerwall 1999), samt beroende av grad av semantisk länkning mellan matrisverbet och komplementet (Givón 2001b). Den insamlade datan (matrisverb) i korpusstudien analyserades enligt ett kategoriseringssystem hämtat ur SAG (Teleman et al. 1999), Givón (2001a) och Givón (2001b). Matrisverb med starka nominella (lexikala) egenskaper, till exempel planera, visade en högre frekvens i förekomst med fullständiga infinitivsatser, i jämförelse med mer funktionella matrisverb som avse.

Title: Use of virtual reality to evaluate the dynamic postural stability in beachvoleyball players Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate if the dynamic postural stability of trained beachvoleyball players is affected by training. Also I tried to evaluate, if the final score of equilibrium will be higher, than in regular population. For testing was also used virtual reality to stimulate vestibular apparatus. Virtual reality was used as a disturbing element. NeuroCom Smart Equi Test was used as an evaluation factor of dynamic postural stbility. Methods: The research involved a total of 20 females - 10 beachvoleyball players and 10 healthy persons performing activities of daily living. We investigated dynamic postural stability on device called NeuroCom Smart Equi Test. For evaluation of dynamic postural stability was used Head Shake Test - Sensory Organisation Test. This test was taken twice, second time after intervetion by virtual reality. Data were analyzed by statistical t-test method. Result: Statisticly significant result was found only in the case of a Sensory Organisation Test condiition 5 and 6 in comparison between both groups and Head Shake test-SOT2 in latero- lateral movement of the head at the controle group. The results confirmed the effect of playing beachvoleyball on...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Anselmo Afonso Golynski.pdf: 441467 bytes, checksum: 4be0e7906cd49bbe4d5b13b8a892680b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Babesia equi and B. caballi in horses from the northern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, examining the maintenance practices and identifying the principal factors involved in transmission and infection rates. There were collected 380 blood samples and tested with ELISA and Indirect immunofluorescence (RIFI) for B. equi and for B. caballi was used competitive ELISA. The sample number was statistically representative for the equine population of the state. Testing positive for B. equi by ELISA and RIFI were 31,6% and 35,8%, respectively, of the samples examined. The prevalence of B. caballi was 0,86%. The concordance between tests was considered high as shown by the Kappa index of 0,86%. There was not observed a statistically significant difference (p<0,05) between the sex, age and breed of the horses. According to the present study the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul can be characterized as an area of enzootic instability for B. equi and B. caballi, offering risks of economic losses due to babesiosis outbreaks, especially in sensible animals introduced from indene areas, horse trade and participating in events (as rodeos, auction sales, and others) or even in animals born in the region. Analyzing the questionnaires, the maintaining systems and the purposes of the equine use were the factors that had influence on the prevalence of equine babesiosis. / O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a preval?ncia da Babesia equi e B. caballi em eq?inos da regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul bem como conhecer as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas e identificar os principais fatores que est?o envolvidos na sua transmiss?o e preval?ncia. Coletaram-se 380 amostras de sangue, n?mero estatisticamente representativo para a popula??o de eq?inos em estudo, as quais foram analisadas por meio do teste de ELISA e pela rea??o de imunofluoresc?ncia indireta (RIFI) e para a B. caballi foi utilizado o Elisa competitivo. Do total das amostras, 31,6% e 35,8% foram positivas para B. equi ao teste de ELISA e RIFI respectivamente, sendo que, a preval?ncia de B. caballi foi de apenas 0,86%. A concord?ncia entre os testes foi considerada ?tima, atrav?s do ?ndice Kappa de 0,87. N?o foi constatada nenhuma diferen?a significativa estatisticamente (p<0,05) entre o sexo, ra?as e faixas et?rias dos eq?inos. De acordo com o presente estudo a regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ?, portanto caracterizada como uma ?rea de instabilidade enzo?tica para B. equi e B. caballi oferecendo riscos reais de ocorr?ncia e perdas econ?micas causadas por surtos de babesiose causada por B. equi e B. caballi especialmente em animais sens?veis, procedentes de ?reas indenes, com?rcio de animais, participa??o em eventos (esportivos ou recreativos dentro ou fora da Regi?o ou Estado) ou mesmo entre animais nascidos naquela regi?o. Ap?s a an?lise dos question?rios, os sistemas e as finalidades da cria??o foram os ?nicos fatores que influenciaram na preval?ncia das babesioses equinas.