Cartas al editor / Peer review

At previous conferences in the subject field of web-based teaching and learning a number of presenters emphasised the importance of training to users of WebCT, as well as the unsuccessful implementation of WebCT tools and applications due to insufficient training. To address this important and basic step of successful use of WebCT, third year Public Management students at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) received intensive training to make use of particular WebCT applications comfortably. The focus, pertaining to WebCT activities in the subject Public Human Resource Management, is primarily on on-line assignments and e-tivities, as well as the use of quizzes for self-assessment. The WebCT training subsequently focuses primarily on the use of the assignment and quiz tools in WebCT, additional to the use of general tools such as the bulletin board and calendar. The paper will outline and explore the various steps and applications, used to enhance WebCT training to these students. Special measures were implemented to accommodate a large group of students (200). Furthermore, the perceived usefulness and value of a Camtasia Studio training DVD, compared to face-to-face training in the Electronic Research Centres (ERCs), will be explored. This article aims to focus on the end results and success in terms of the experiences and perceptions of the students, as well as skills obtained by the provision of intensive training for the use of particular WebCTtools. It will determine by exploring a number of training strategies and approaches for "Creative training strategy can make a difference, this article uses interesting empirical data to illustrate the use of student training as a key success factor in the implementation of WebCt in teachning and learning environments.

自Ball & Brown研究盈餘報酬關係以來，諸位學者亦探討其關係之相關性，因此引進ERC之決定因素來增強盈餘報酬關係，在此類研究無論在決定因素之取捨與方法論改良，均有許多學者加入探討，而在臺灣僅有陳志愷君有類似的研究。本研究大致遵循Collins & Kothari之研究，採關聯性研究，以逆迴歸來建立盈餘報酬之模型，並以ARIMA(1，1)來分離恆常所得與暫時性所得以經濟成長機會、無風險利率、系統風險、殖利率、恆常係數為決定因素。本研究探討三項主題:一、傳統盈餘報酬之關係二、探討ERC之決定因素在盈餘報酬模型中的關係三、探討考慮ERC之決定因素與未考慮時之比較。本研究之結論為一、傳統盈餘報酬模型中並未有顯著關係二、決定因素大致與預期符號相符險且有經濟成長機會、系統風險、殖利率呈顯著關係三、考慮決定因素之前後並未有顯著差異。

This study is based on an ongoing debate regarding the Stockholm Stock Exchange, which centers around the possible abolition of quarterly reports. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this debate by examining how the relationship between financial reports and stock price correlates. The study's methodological approach is based on the Capital Market Research frame-work in which an ERC model and an extended model are used to measure the relationship. Three hypotheses were formed to categorize the direction of the study, these categorizations treats the differences in impact between quarterly and annual reports on stock price, as well as differences in impact as a casual effect of company size and seasonal sensitivity. The results of the study show that quarterly reports have a stronger impact on the share price than annual reports. Financial reports from smaller companies have greater impact on share price than financial reports from larger companies. The study also shows that there is a seasonality trend in the consumer industry's fourth quarter.

<p>Lic.-avh. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2013</p>

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T12:54:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleDeMedeirosSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 2502131 bytes, checksum: 9ea08ef102256a0ca6e977592cbfd887 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T19:54:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleDeMedeirosSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 2502131 bytes, checksum: 9ea08ef102256a0ca6e977592cbfd887 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T19:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleDeMedeirosSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 2502131 bytes, checksum: 9ea08ef102256a0ca6e977592cbfd887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / Erc?lia Nogueira Cobra foi uma escritora que causou pol?mica no in?cio do s?culo XX com o lan?amento de dois livros (Virgindade Anti-Higi?nica, preconceitos e conven??es hip?critas e Virgindade In?til, novela de uma revoltada) que traziam, como tema principal, a dupla moral que a sociedade brasileira articulava para homens e para mulheres, separadamente. Seus textos, considerados fora da ordem vigente da ?poca no qual foram lan?ados, acabariam sendo marginalizados, exclu?dos e classificados como perigosos devido ao teor de suas reivindica??es que advogavam pela emancipa??o feminina. Erc?lia tamb?m seria classificada como m?, demon?aca, pornogr?fica e subversiva. Presa e torturada fugiu sem deixar rastros, enquanto seus livros eram censurados e tirados fora de circula??o. Com o passar dos anos que se seguiram ao lan?amento dos seus textos, vemos como a ordem dominante constr?i uma bolha de sil?ncio que os traga, dando a impress?o de que nem ela nem seus livros ? sequer ? tenham existido. D?cadas depois, ? ?poca da consolida??o dos estudos feministas no pa?s, entretanto, Erc?lia reaparece n?o mais como mulher m? e depravada, mas como uma mulher corajosa que desafiou uma ?poca em que ser mulher e ser escritora era algo duplamente dif?cil. Nosso trabalho, portanto, busca entender esses dois momentos: os motivos que levaram a constru??o desse sil?ncio ao qual os textos ercilianos foram envoltos e como, d?cadas depois, a figura de Erc?lia volta como uma das pioneiras mais radicais do Movimento Feminista Brasileiro. / Erc?lia Nogueira Cobra was a writer who caused controversy at the beginning of the twentieth century with the launch of two books (Virginity Anti-Hygienic, prejudices and hypocritical conventions and Virginity Worthless, soap opera of a rebellious) who brought, as its main theme, the double standards that Brazilian society articulated for men and women separately. Her writings, considered out of order dominate, eventually being marginalized and excluded. The books were classified dangerous because they advocated in favor of women's emancipation. Erc?lia would also be classified as evil, demonic, pornographic and subversive. She was arrested and tortured fled without a trace. Meanwhile, his books were censored and taken out of circulation. Over the years, we see how the ruling order builds a bubble of silence that brings them, giving the impression that neither she or her books ever existed. Decades later, at the time of consolidation of feminist studies in the country, Erc?lia reappears not as evil and depraved woman, but as a brave woman who defied a time when being a woman and being a writer was something very difficult. Our work therefore seeks to understand these two moments: the reasons that led the construction of this silence around Erc?lia and how, decades later, she reappears as one of the most radical pioneers of Brazilian Feminist Movement.

L'élastine est la protéine de la matrice extracellulaire responsable de l'élasticité des tissus. Elle est synthétisée en abondance dans les tissus soumis à de fortes contraintes mécaniques tels que la peau, les poumons, et les artères. Ce biopolymère présente une demi-vie longue de 70 ans et est par conséquent sujet aux altérations liées à l'âge. De plus, l'élastine est dégradée lors de la progression tumorale, notamment celle du mélanome. Sa dégradation entraîne la libération de peptides dérivés de l'élastine (EDP) dotés d'activités biologiques propres et pouvant être impliqués dans l'invasion tumorale (prolifération, angiogenèse, sécrétion de protéases, invasion, survie). Nous avons été les premiers à démontrer que les EDP sont capables de fortement promouvoir le développement de mélanome in vivo dans un modèle murin au travers de l'augmentation de la prolifération et de l'invasion des cellules tumorales impliquant la collagènase-1 ou MMP-1. Ces données suggèrent ainsi que le récepteur de ces peptides, le complexe récepteur de l'élastine (CRE), pourrait constituer une cible thérapeutique innovante afin de lutter contre ce cancer pour lequel un manque flagrant de thérapies efficientes prévaut à l'heure actuelle. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons développé différentes stratégies thérapeutiques basées sur le ciblage du récepteur CRE. Nous démontrons pour la première fois que le ciblage thérapeutique du CRE permet de limiter de manière efficace la progression du mélanome in vitro et in vivo dans un modèle murin. De plus, le vieillissement étant un des facteurs de risque majeur du mélanome, nous avons évalué l'impact de l'âge du stroma sur les effets des EDP et le développement tumoral associé. / Elastin is the extracellular matrix protein responsible for tissue elasticity. It is abundant in tissues experiencing important mechanical constraints such as skin, lungs and arteries. This biopolymer possesses a half-life of 70 years and, consequently, it is subjected to age-related alterations. Moreover, elastin is degraded during tumor progression, notably that of melanoma. Its degradation results in the release of elastin-derived peptides (EDP) which possess their own biological activities that can be linked to tumor invasion (proliferation, angiogenesis, proteases secretion, invasion, survival). We have been the first to show that EDP can promote melanoma development in an in vivo mouse model by raising the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells through collagenase-1 (MMP-1) up-regulation. These data thus suggest that the receptor for these peptides, the elastin receptor complex, could constitute a novel therapeutic target to fight against this type of cancer for which no therapies are efficient now. In this study, we have developed therapeutic strategies targeting the ERC complex. We show for the first time that the therapeutic targeting of the ERC could efficiently limit melanoma progression in an in vitro and in vivo murine model. Additionally, as aging is one of melanoma major risk factors, we have evaluated the impact of stromal age on EDP effects and the associated tumor development.

Separatism movements are widespread across the world; however, the European continentcontains several regions who wish to become independent sovereign states. The autonomousregion of Catalonia is one of Europe's many separatist regions, where a separatism movementis present. This study analyses the active separatism of Catalonia, with an emphasis onregional Catalan as well as national Spanish political organization’s attitude towards aCatalan independent state, and also which argument they have regarding an independentCatalonia. The purpose is to describe the regional Catalan as well as the national Spanishpolitical organization’s position within the debate regarding a Catalan separation from Spain.The utilized method for this study is a describing analysis of ideas, in order to analyze andunderstand the empirical material.This essay implements, based on the essay's theoretical framework, two analytical tools inorder to analyze the empirical material of the political organization’s which are two idealtypes of the phenomena nationalism and separatism.The study concludes that the regional Catalan political organizations, CiU and ERC, havemore tendencies of separatism in their pro-independence rhetoric’s, and they have movedaway from their former nationalistic political platforms because of failed dialogs with theSpanish national government. Regarding the national Spanish political organizations, on theother hand, the study concludes that both PSOE and PP have strong tendencies of nationalismin their rhetoric against Catalan independence, much in due to their alignment to the Spanishconstitution and their political goal of a more united Spain.

Le territoire est le support d’interactions entre les êtres vivants et leur espace de vie. Parmi ces interactions, il est aujourd’hui reconnu que les activités anthropiques sont une cause déterminante de l’érosion de la biodiversité. Dans ce contexte, la séquence « Eviter-Réduire-Compenser» (ERC) est un instrument réglementaire visant l’absence de perte nette de biodiversité (no net loss) en aménagement du territoire. Or, il semblerait qu’elle ne permette pas de remédier à la perte chronique de biodiversité. Au-delà de ses limites pratiques et théoriques, parmi les causes de cette inefficacité on peut mentionner : la focalisation sur la « compensation » et sur l’échelle « projet » ou encore la convergence des études vers la problématique des grands projets d’aménagement. Ainsi, en partant de questions issues du terrain, en adoptant une posture à l’interface entre recherche et action, et en choisissant une démarche pluridisciplinaire, cette thèse repose sur l’hypothèse que les difficultés actuelles sont liées à des défis scalaires et qu’un changement d’échelle spatiale, temporelle et fonctionnelle est nécessaire pour permettre à l’instrument de prétendre à son objectif. A travers une analyse qualitative et quantitative de l’application de la séquence ERC dans le cadre de petits projets d’aménagement, nous identifions une série de limites associées à l’échelle « projet ». Cela nous amène à analyser, tout d’abord théoriquement puis empiriquement grâce à l’étude de collectivités territoriales responsables de la planification de l’aménagement, les implications d’un changement d’échelle vers une mise en œuvre de la séquence ERC à l’échelle territoriale et stratégique de la planification. Enfin, nous conduisons une réflexion sur l’élaboration d’une démarche méthodologique d’anticipation de la séquence ERC dès la planification, appliquée au cas concret de Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole.In fine, ces recherches nous permettent d’apporter des compléments de réponse à la question des fins effectives de l’instrument : éviter ou plutôt légitimer la perte de biodiversité ? Nos propositions et perspectives pour les praticiens et les chercheurs vont dans le sens d’une mise en œuvre de la séquence ERC plus en phase avec son objectif de no net loss. / Territory provides the support for interactions between humans avec their living environment. Among these interactions, it is well known that anthropic activities are a major cause of biodiversity erosion. In this respect, the mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, reduction and offsetting impacts) is a regulatory tool whose objective is to achieve a “no net loss” of biodiversity following urban development. However, the efficiency of the tool is questioned because of its practical and theoretical limits, and the recurring focus on biodiversity offsets and on the “project” scale, or the convergence of studies on large development projects.Based on questions arising from practical action and by adopting a multi-disciplinary approach and posture at the knowledge-action interface, this thesis hypothesizes that the current lack of efficiency is the result of a problem of scale and that a temporal, spatial and functional switch in scale could help the mitigation hierarchy to reach its objectives. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mitigation hierarchy implementation for small-scale development projects, we identify a set of limits associated with studies done at scale of individual projects. These findings illustrate the need to upscale towards a territorial and strategic approach to the implementation of the mitigation hierarchy. Finally, we initiate a reflexion on the development of a methodological framework to anticipate the mitigation hierarchy implementation at the urban planning stage, and we test it on the Montpellier metropolitan territory.Finally, these research studies provide new answers to the question of the effective purpose of the tool: is its aim to avoid or legitimise biodiversity loss? Our propositions and perspectives for practitioners and scientists are in line with a mitigation hierarchy implementation that is more likely to reach no net loss objectives.

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