This dissertation focuses on the aging voice - specifically the aging elite vocal athlete. It is comprised of four components; a series of research studies and a viewpoint piece designed to explore the awareness, struggles, and vocal compensations of aging singers dealing with age related vocal and performance problems. The overarching goal of these studies is to inform the development of a voice care protocol for the aging rock star to guide customized intervention for these elite vocal athletes that is focused on optimizing both vocal output and performance. First, the dissertation introduces and identifies characteristics of the exceptional voice. This involves a new vocal continuum that includes the normal voice, the trained voice, and the exceptional voice. The second component is a qualitative study of older contemporary commercial music (CCM) singers adjustments and accommodations associated with their aging. From this, four overarching themes are identified: modest self-perception of their vocal prowess and its relationship to performance, acute sensitivity to changes in vocal quality, recognition of the critical association of voice quality with their identity as a performer, and an array of accommodations to aging-related vocal changes. The third component of the dissertation is a randomized control trial examining the efficacy of Vocal Function Exercises as a treatment modality for presbyphonia. Analysis revealed that the experimental group improved in select outcome measures including decreased glottic gap, increased upper range, and maximum phonation time at the 6-week post-treatment re-evaluation with no such changes in the control group. The final study investigated the vocal and performing trajectories of six CCM male singers through analysis of video performances across their career. Singers were shown to make accommodations consistent with the reported findings from component two. Such accommodations include decreased total time singing for some singers, accommodations for range changes, and changes to performance. From this study, the Exceptional Voice Protocol was created to provide a customized vocal and performance blueprint for each artist that meets their unique needs for their exceptional voices. Overall, this research indicates that aging CCM singers appear to be experiencing age and performance related vocal changes and are making detectable accommodations to their performance. Additional findings show that Vocal Function Exercises appear to be an efficacious treatment modality for aging voice. Findings from these studies confirm the need for continued research on age-related vocal and performance changes for these performers and guidelines for appropriate habilitation and rehabilitation so these rock stars can continue performing for as long as they desire.

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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Law Ing. Viera Krajňáková THE ISSUES OF EXCEPTIONAL PUNISHMENT Diploma thesis Abstract The Supervisor of Diploma thesis: doc. JUDr. Jana Tlapák Navrátilová, Ph.D. Department of Criminal Law Date of elaboration of Diploma thesis (closing the manuscript): 6. 9. 2021 THE ISSUES OF EXCEPTIONAL PUNISHMENT ABSTRACT The diploma thesis is focused on the description and evaluation of the basic forms of exceptional punishment, as they are known by the Czech legal system and legal systems of selected European states. The introductory part deals with the meaning and purpose of the institution of punishment as such and the basic streams of thought dealing with the justification of punishment as an intentional harm caused to the offender for the committed crime. The second part of the thesis analyzes the historical development of the types of punishments in relation to the development of its function, from various physical punishments through the death penalty to the modern imprisonment of a limited duration or for life. In the following sections, I tried to describe and evaluate the death penalty itself from the point of view of its conformity with the basic human rights, from the point of view of arguments presented by retentionists and abolitionists, its current use in various...

This thesis deals with the operational planning of production at DT – Výhybkárna a strojírna, a.s., specifically evaluating impacts of the passage of an exceptional order on manufacturing process. Aim is to analyze the current state of process management, to evaluate the impact of additional interventions into the processes and to quantify the costs associated with this intervention in the planned production. All with the minimum cost and maximum efficiency at a given quality. The goal is achieved by simulating of inserting an exceptional order in the enterprise information system.

In South Africa, as in most jurisdictions which profess to be based on an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, the right against compelled self-incrimination is a guaranteed Constitutional right. This study is prompted by the realization that the right against self-incrimination is being undermined and eroded by an aspect of South Africa’s bail laws. The current study addresses the constitutional validity of section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 in so far as it allows for the admission of incriminating evidence at trial, in contravention of the accused’s right against self-incrimination, which incriminatory evidence was tendered by the applicant during a bail application in circumstances where the applicant was compelled to prove that he would be acquitted at trial where reliance is placed on a weak State’s case in proving exceptional circumstances in compliance with section 60(11)(a) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977. Whilst section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 is undoubtedly aimed at combatting crime, the pre-occupation with crime control measures threatens to undermine individual liberty and poses a threat to our Constitutional project of building a human rights culture. I advance an argument which supports the view that section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 is unconstitutional, in the above context, in that it infringes upon the accused’s right against compelled self-incrimination at trial and does not amount to a justifiable limitation on the rights of an accused in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom. I also advance an alternative legal remedy aimed at fulfilling the initial mischief which Section 60(11B)(c) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 was designed to prevent in order to bring the section in line with the Constitution and a rights-based society. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Procedural Law / LLM / Unrestricted

Die Arbeit untersucht planare optische Mikrokavitäten, welche aus einer beidseitig von Multischichtspiegeln umgebenen Kavitätsschicht bestehen. Im Rahmen einer Transfermatrixbeschreibung für ebene Wellen wird ein genereller Ansatz zur Berechnung von optischen Kavitätsmoden von planaren Mikrokavitäten entwickelt, welche aus optisch beliebig anisotropen Medien bestehen. Die zugrunde liegende Modenbedingung kommt ohne vorherige Einschränkungen bezüglich der betrachteten Lichtpolarisation aus. Basierend auf diesem Ansatz werden numerische Modenberechnungen von Mikrokavitäten mit optisch uniaxialen Kavitätsschichten vorgenommen. Generell sind die Moden in einem solchen System elliptisch polarisiert, und zudem i.A. nicht orthogonal. Ein besonderes Phänomen stellen sogenannte exzeptionelle Punkte dar. Dies sind Richtungen, für welche Energie und Verbreiterung der zwei Kavitätsphotonmoden zugleich entarten. Die Moden werden an solchen Punkten zirkular ko-polarisiert, die Orientierung der linearen Modenpolarisation windet sich im Impulsraum um diese Punkte herum. Die Eigenschaften der anisotropen Mikrokavitäten und exzeptionellen Punkte sind charakteristisch für singuläre, biaxiale Optik. So entsprechen die exzeptionellen Punkte Richtungen sogenannter singulärer optischer Achsen der effektiv biaxialen Strukturen, und können als Entartung nicht-Hermitescher Operatoren beschrieben werden. Die experimentelle Realisierung wird am Beispiel ZnO-basierter Mikrokavitäten gezeigt und bestätigt die theoretischen Vorhersagen im Wesentlichen, wenngleich im Experiment keine komplett zirkular polarisierten Zustände an den Entartungspunkten beobachtet wurden.:0 Introduction 1 Theory I: Linear optics principles 1.1 Maxwell theory 1.1.1 Plane-wave ansatz 1.1.2 Light polarization 1.1.3 Crystal optics 1.1.4 The polariton concept 1.2 Matrix formalisms for planar structures 1.2.1 Transfer-matrix approach 1.2.2 Scattering, Jones and Müller matrices 2 Theory II: Planar optical microcavities 2.1 Fabry-Pérot resonators and photonic modes 2.2 Practical mode computation 2.3 Quasi-particle approach 3 Computation: Exceptional points in anisotropic microcavities 3.1 Numerical methods 3.2 Model and findings for anisotropic, dielectric microcavities 3.3 Classification and discussion 3.3.1 General characteristics of exceptional points in anisotropic microcavities 3.3.2 Polarization vortices and singular optics 3.3.3 Net topology of the system 3.3.4 Effective-medium approaches 3.3.5 Quasi-particle approaches 3.3.6 Other familiar systems and phenomena 3.4 Anisotropic exciton-polaritons 4 Experiment: ZnO-based planar microcavities 4.1 Microcavity samples 4.2 Experimental methods 4.3 Experimental results vs. theoretical computations 4.4 Summary and discussion 5 Conclusion A Appendix A.1 Determining optic axes A.2 Exceptional points A.3 Expressions in Gaußian CGS units A.4 Polarization patterns of isotropic microcavities Bibliography Symbols and Abbreviations Authored and co-authored publications directly related to this thesis Acknowledgments Curriculum Vitae / In this thesis, planar optical cavities are investigated. They consist of a cavity layer which is surrounded by multi-layer mirrors. Using a transfer matrix technique for planar structures, a general mode condition is developed, which allows computation of cavity-photon modes for planar microcavities, which consist of optically arbitrarily anisotropic media. With this approach, no prior restriction of the considered light polarization is required. Based on this formalism, numerical computations of planar microcavities with optically uniaxial cavity layers are performed. Generally, the cavity-photon modes in such systems obtain elliptic polarization. Furthermore, they are in general not orthogonal to each other. A particular phenomenon is the occurrence of so called exceptional points. Here, the two cavity-photon modes degenerate in energy and broadening simultaneously, and the modes become circularly co-polarized. In addition, the exceptional points are vortex centers in momentum space for the orientation of the linear polarization of the modes. With this, anisotropic planar microcavities show typical characteristics of singular as well as biaxial optics. The exceptional points can be regarded as singular optic axes of the effectively biaxial structures. They can be described by the degeneracy of non-Hermitian operators. Experimental implementation is demonstrated by ZnO-based microcavities. In general, experimental findings prove the theoretical predictions, albeit the degree of circular polarization does not approach 100% at the exceptional points.:0 Introduction 1 Theory I: Linear optics principles 1.1 Maxwell theory 1.1.1 Plane-wave ansatz 1.1.2 Light polarization 1.1.3 Crystal optics 1.1.4 The polariton concept 1.2 Matrix formalisms for planar structures 1.2.1 Transfer-matrix approach 1.2.2 Scattering, Jones and Müller matrices 2 Theory II: Planar optical microcavities 2.1 Fabry-Pérot resonators and photonic modes 2.2 Practical mode computation 2.3 Quasi-particle approach 3 Computation: Exceptional points in anisotropic microcavities 3.1 Numerical methods 3.2 Model and findings for anisotropic, dielectric microcavities 3.3 Classification and discussion 3.3.1 General characteristics of exceptional points in anisotropic microcavities 3.3.2 Polarization vortices and singular optics 3.3.3 Net topology of the system 3.3.4 Effective-medium approaches 3.3.5 Quasi-particle approaches 3.3.6 Other familiar systems and phenomena 3.4 Anisotropic exciton-polaritons 4 Experiment: ZnO-based planar microcavities 4.1 Microcavity samples 4.2 Experimental methods 4.3 Experimental results vs. theoretical computations 4.4 Summary and discussion 5 Conclusion A Appendix A.1 Determining optic axes A.2 Exceptional points A.3 Expressions in Gaußian CGS units A.4 Polarization patterns of isotropic microcavities Bibliography Symbols and Abbreviations Authored and co-authored publications directly related to this thesis Acknowledgments Curriculum Vitae

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Förväntat kunskapsbidragStudien vill belysa de särskilt begåvade eleverna, hur lärare kan möta och upptäcka dem så attde får den kunskapsutveckling de har rätt till. Att särskilt begåvade även kan hainlärningssvårigheter, att begåvningen också kan vara ett hinder i deras inlärning och döljaandra svårigheter p.g.a. deras verbala förmåga. Lyfta fram elevernas uppfattningar om sittskriftspråk och det stöd de får av lärarna.Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med studien är att undersöka hur lärare på två olika skolor i Sverige förhåller sig ocharbetar med särskilt begåvade elever i deras kunskapsutveckling. Detta för att öka kunskapenom hur lärare kan stötta särskilt begåvade elever i undervisningen. Det centrala iundersökningen är att undersöka om lärare använder något speciellt arbetssätt för att utvecklasärskilt begåvade elevers skrivutveckling, samt att undersöka elevernas uppfattning om sittskriftspråk och hur de upplever lärarnas stöd.De preciserade frågeställningarna:- Vilka kunskaper har lärarna för att upptäcka och möta särskilt begåvade elever.- Hur arbetar lärarna med de särskilt begåvade i deras skrivutveckling.- Hur upplever eleverna sitt skriftspråk och det stöd läraren ger.TeoriDe teoretiska perspektiv vilka studien är baserad på är sociokulturellt perspektivet för attspråket anses vara ett redskap för lärande och att människan samspelar med sin omgivning i sinutveckling. Det kognitiva perspektivet är viktigt ur de synvinkeln då de särskilt begåvade oftaär exceptionella i sitt tankesätt. Specialpedagogiskt perspektiv är viktigt för studiens syfte dådet belyser var och hur svårigheter och problem läggs.4MetodStudien är en fallstudie, då är det lämpligt att använda sig av triangulering, för att få kunskapoch djupare förståelse av det undersökta. I studien användes halvstrukturerade intervjuer ochobservationer.ResultatStudien visar att det finns viss kunskap hos lärare för att möta och upptäcka särskilt begåvadeelever, men att kunskapen behöver fördjupas och breddas. Acceleration i form av att hoppa överårskurser användes på båda skolorna. Lärarna i studien använde sig inte av något specielltarbetssätt eller arbetsmetod i undervisningen med de särskilt begåvade elevernasskrivutveckling. Eleverna arbetade med samma uppgifter som erbjöds övriga elever, detta föratt eleverna hade accelererat i form av att de hoppat över årskurser. Eleverna upplevde att dehade svårigheter med sitt skriftspråk, i form av att de hade svårigheter att få ner det i skrift.Eleverna tyckte det var svårt att forma bokstäverna när de skrev för hand, även att stava ordenansåg de var svårt. Svårigheterna avhjälptes inte med hjälp av datorn. Däremot hade de ingasvårigheter att komma på vad de skulle skriva och berätta det verbalt.Specialpedagogiska implikationerStudien visar att särskilt begåvade elever kan vara i behov av särskilt stöd, då deraskunskapsinhämtning kan vara komplicerad. Speciallärare med inriktning språk, läs- ochskrivutveckling kan vara ett stort stöd både för eleven, men även för läraren i sitt arbete med desärskilt begåvade.NyckelordIdentifiera, skriftspråk, speciallärare, särskild begåvning, twice- exceptional, upptäcka.

This thesis explored how students with exceptionalities learned literacy skills in an online learning environment and how the teacher was supported in the online classroom environment through professional development. Analysis of classroom observations and interviews with a teacher resulted in five findings: (1) There was limited professional development for teaching exceptional education students online. (2) Meeting exceptional student educational needs in the online environment was challenging for the teacher. (3) During the teacher's online lessons, there were some elements of literacy present such as comprehension and real-world examples. (4) The teacher missed out on some key components for literacy development with exceptional students in an online learning environment. (5) The exceptional students in the online learning environment did not have access to classroom tools.

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