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The current study identified eight distinct exercise stereotypes (athletes, runners, older adults, jocks, weightlifters, judgmental girls, overweight individuals, people who do yoga) through a pilot study. An adapted version of the prototype willingness model was then used to determine whether differences exist between exercisers and non-exercisers ratings of the eight various exerciser stereotypes. No significant differences were found, which further supports the positive exerciser stereotype. The adapted version of the PWM had large proportions of explained variance. MANOVA analyses showed that overweight individuals and weightlifters differed significantly in their opinions of other exercisers. Overweight individuals had negative ratings towards jocks, athletes and judgmental girls and weightlifters showed negative ratings of yoga participants. Both of these exercisers may benefit from a fitness center absent of these respective exercisers.

The existing literature suggests that long-term involvement in physical activity (PA) in the later years can support the health and wellbeing of older adults. However, a more detailed understanding of what influences older adults to initiate and maintain PA over a prolonged period of time would be beneficial. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the relationship between commitment to physical activity and aging. Specifically, the objectives of this dissertation are threefold: (1) To identify factors influencing older adults to adopt PA earlier in life, that may have shaped their behavior in the later years; (2) To examine factors associated with maintaining long-term involvement in PA as a serious leisure interest after age 50; and (3) To determine the effects of long-term involvement in PA on older adults’ perceptions of wellbeing. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 participants (8 females and 22 males; aged 50-78 years; Mean = 60.5) who have been continuously physically active for the past 10 years, or more. Results found that the most significant predictor to later involvement in PA after age 50 was high participation early in life, particularly from childhood to late adolescence or early adulthood. Further, the analysis revealed three types of older exercisers with varying degrees of seriousness or commitment (Stebbins, 1992) about their physical activity regimen—high, moderate, and low. High exercisers were the most serious or committed type of exercisers. They perceived exercise as a meaningful central life interest and spent the majority of their leisure time involved in physically challenging sports and fitness activities, often exercising 6 days or more per week. They Pursued exercise for personal development, self-fulfillment, and for maintaining optimal physical performance. Moderate exercisers were moderately committed to PA and regarded exercise as an important aspect of their life, but not the most dominant one. They engaged in sports and fitness activities at least 3 days per week and pursued exercise primarily as a necessity for good health, enjoyment, and social benefits. Low exercisers were the least committed type of exercisers. They engaged in exercise irregularly and perceived it more as a chore or task than a meaningful and enjoyable pursuit, often skipping workouts in the face of other interests and demands. They stressed the importance of social interactions, managing weight, and improving overall physical appearance as reasons to engage in exercise. Additionally, this study showed that as the degree of seriousness or commitment about exercise increased, the perceived benefits derived from exercise increased as well. The findings highlight the importance of considering intervention programs to increase motivation and encourage older adults to exercise more frequently, particularly in those struggling to adopt exercise as a sustainable lifestyle approach.

Introduktion: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan stress, tre dimensioner av perfektionism, neuroticism och träningsberoende hos aktiva motionärer mellan 18-35 år. Mer specifikt är syftet att undersöka om stress, neuroticism, självorienterad, annaninriktad och socialt föreskriven perfektionism kan predicera träningsberoende. Metod: Deltagare (N=72; M=24.2, SD=4.09) genomförde en online enkätundersökning bestående av Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale II (MPS-II) och Big Five Inventory (BFI). Resultat: Föreliggande studie identifierade att stress, neuroticism, socialt föreskriven perfektionism och självorienterad perfektionism predicerade träningsberoende. Konklusion: Då stress, neuroticism, socialt föreskriven perfektionism och själorienterad perfektionism predicerar träningsberoende bör dessa betraktas som riskfaktorer i utvecklingen av träningsberoende. I föreliggande studie låg 18% av deltagarna i riskzon för att utveckla ett träningsberoende vilket visar att det är av stor betydelse att uppmärksamma individer som uppvisar symtom av träningsberoende. Eftersom interaktionsmodellen visar att det finns fler psykologiska faktorer som har inflytande på utvecklingen av ett träningsberoende krävs mer forskning inom området. / Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between stress, three dimensions of perfectionism, neuroticism and exercise dependence in active exercisers between the age of 18-35. More specific, the aim was to investigate if stress, neuroticism, self-orientated, other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism can predict exercise dependence. Method: Participants (N=72; M=24.2, SD=4.09) completed an online questionnaire consisting of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale II (MPS-II), and Big Five Inventory (BFI). Results: The present study found that stress, neuroticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-oriented perfectionism all predicted exercise dependence. Conclusion: Because stress, neuroticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-oriented perfectionism all predicted exercise dependence should these be seen as risk factors in the development of exercise dependence. In the present study 18% of the participants were in risk of developing exercise dependence which shows that it is of great importance to pay attention to individuals that exhibits symptoms of exercise dependence. Because the interactional model of exercise dependence shows that there are more psychological factors which influence the development of exercise dependence more research is needed on the subject.

No description available.

Motivation har en betydande roll när det kommer till att människor väljer att motionera. Syftet med studien var att se om yngre motionärer mellan 18 och 30 år samt äldre motionärer på 65 år och uppåt motionerar på träningslokaler för samma motivationsfaktorer, samt att se vilken av de fem motivationsfaktorerna (fysiskt, psykiskt, socialt, må bra och yttre faktorer) som är viktigast och även om det finns några könsskillnader. Genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning har 40 respondenter från två olika träningslokaler i Karlstad, Friskis och svettis samt Livskraft deltagit och resultatet har visat att det inte finns några större skillnader mellan varken åldersgrupperna eller könen i urvalsgruppen. Utöver detta visade resultatet att ”må bra” faktorn var den viktigaste motivationen, tätt följt av den ”psykiska” som bland annat innefattar att klara av stress, bli glad och få bättre självförtroende; samt den ”fysiska” som innebär att man vill förbättra sitt utseende, komma i form och även vill att kroppen ska må bra. Det visar på att hälsa är viktigt för respondenterna, i form av att ”fysiskt” och ”psykiskt” har värderats högt. Resultatet visade även att det inte fanns något samband mellan kön och ålder i förhållande till motivationsfaktorerna samt att ”yttre faktorer” inte är lika relevant för respondenterna som de övriga motivationsfaktorerna. / Motivation plays a significant role when it comes to why people choose to exercise. The aim off the study was to see if young athletes between 18-30 years of age and older athletes of 65 years and older exercise on training facilities for the same motivation factors, and to see which of the five motivation factors (physical, psychological, social, feel good and external factors) is most important, and even if there are any gender differences. Through a quantitative survey 40 respondents from two different training facilities in Karlstad, Friskis och svettis and Livskraft have participated and the results have shown that there are no major differences between either age groups or gender in the selection group. In addition, the results showed that the “feel good”-factor was the main motivation, closely followed by the “psychological” that includes coping with stress, be happy and self-confident; and the “physical” which means that they want to improve their body appearance, getting in shape and also want the body to feel good. This shows that health is important for the respondents; in terms of that “physical” and “psychological” have been valued highly. The results also showed that there were no connection between gender and age in relation to motivation factors and the external factors are not as relevant to the respondents as the other motivational factors.