<p>Denna studie tar upp betydelsen av att den empatiserande personen har liknande erfarenheter som målpersonen och även betydelsen av könstillhörighet har för förmågan till empati. Metoden för att undersöka detta bestod av att visa ett filmklipp och efter detta fick deltagarna besvara en fråga utifrån deras upplevelser av filmklippet. Deltagare var psykologistudenter och anställda på en pappersindustri. Studien visade på ett signifikant resultat till att kvinnor utan barn hade högre grad av empati än män utan barn och en tendens till att liknande erfarenheter hos empatisör och målperson ökade empatin för män men inte för kvinnor. Att kvinnor visar mer empati än män finns det tidigare forskning som stödjer. Tendensen att liknande erfarenheter ökar empati hos män står dock i motsats mot tidigare forskning.</p>

<p>Vi utforskar begreppet <em>upplevelseekonomi</em> och hur vi har hamnat i vad en del forskare anser vara Upplevelsesamhället. Ett samhälle där de basala behoven är uppfyllda och där vi söker minnesvärda och självförverkligande upplevelser.</p><p>Vi har valt att studera tidigare forskning och presenterar delar av det vi har läst i ett inledande teoriavsnitt. Därefter observerar vi ett par upplevelserelaterade hotell för att se hur teorin kan se ut i verkliga pågående projekt. De hotell vi valt att titta närmare på är <em>Icehotel</em> i Jukkasjärvi samt <em>Såstaholm</em> i Täby. Vårt sätt att arbeta blir deduktivt, där vi utgår från befintliga begrepp och teorier för att kunna dra logiska slutsatser.</p><p>Befintlig teori i upplevelseekonomi samt iakttagelser av två existerande hotell för upplevelser gav oss grunden till hur vi utformade vårt hotell i Östhammar med upplevelsetema – <em>Hotell Badjäflar</em>. I <em>Hotell Badjäflar</em> praktiseras det vi har lärt oss. Temat för hotellet blir sjuttiotal och miljön och aktiviteter kommer att präglas av decenniet. Vi väver in författaren och filmskaparen Lars Molin då vi använder marknadsföringsverktyget <em>storytelling. </em>Lars Molins film <em>Badjävlar</em> ligger som grund för en del av miljön i hotellprojektet. Anledningen till att vi väljer Lars Molin är att han levde och arbetade i Östhammar under just sjuttiotalet och det var här filmen <em>Badjävlar</em> spelades in.</p><p>Våra diskussionskapitel består både i en utvärdering av <em>Icehotel </em>och <em>Såstaholm</em> och hur vårt <em>Hotell Badjäflar</em> kommer att fungera som upplevelse. Vår uppfattning är att både <em>Icehotel</em> och <em>Såstaholm</em> har lyckats med att skapa platser för upplevelser som deras gäster kommer att minnas och påverkas av. <em>Hotell Badjäflar</em> skulle enligt vår mening också kunna bli en unik och minnesvärd upplevelse för våra gäster. Vi avslutar med att reflektera över upplevelseekonomin idag, lyfter fram tankar om den allmänna skepticismen och ger förslag till fortsatta studier.</p><p>Upplevelseekonomi innebär att skapa upplevelser som kunden länge minns och gärna rekommenderar till sina vänner. Helheten blir det viktiga och alla personer involverade i upplevelseskapandet har en roll att spela där kunden är i centrum.<em></em></p> / <p>We study the term <em>experience economy</em> and how we live today in what some scientists call The Experience Society. That is a society where our basic needs are fulfilled and in which we seek experiences to remember and to express ourselves.</p><p>We have chosen to study earlier research made in this subject and present part of what we have read in an initiating theory section. After this we observed a couple of “experience based” hotels to see how this theory can be practiced in real life. The hotels we chose were <em>Icehotel </em>in Jukkasjärvi and <em>Såstaholm</em> in Täby. These two hotels turned out to be excellent examples of “experience based” hotels in Sweden. We have chosen to use a deductive way of presenting our results. Deduction is when conclusions are drawn out of existing theories and concepts.</p><p>This earlier research literature and our studies of two actual hotels for experiences gave us the basis for how our hotel in Östhammar is designed with an experience theme <em>– Hotel Badjäflar.</em> <em>Hotel Badjäflar</em> is where we practice our new knowledge. The theme is the seventies and the surroundings and our activities will all be influenced by this decade. For our storytelling parts we will use stories about the author and filmmaker Lars Molin. Parts of the hotel surroundings are based on his movie <em>Badjävlar</em>. The reason we chose Lars Molin is because he lived and worked in Östhammar during the seventies and it was also here the movie <em>Badjävlar</em> was made.</p><p>Our discussion chapter involves an evaluation of both Icehotel and Såstaholm as well as how we think <em>Hotell Badjäflar</em> will work out as an experience. Our opinion is that both <em>Icehotel </em>and <em>Såstaholm</em> have succeeded well in creating places for experiences that their guests will remember and be affected by. According to us <em>Hotel Badjäflar</em> has the potential to be an experience to remember for our guests. Finally we reflect on how the experience economy is commonly looked upon and the scepticism surrounding it. We also give suggestions on continued studies for the essay.</p><p>Experience economy is to create memorable experiences that the customer will remember for a long time and will gladly recommend to his or her friends. The totality of the experience is essential and each person involved in creating the experience has a role to play through which the customer is put in the leading role.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to describe the experience of quality of life among people who had suffered a stroke. The articles were found through searches in Cinahl and a total of 17 articles were included.</p><p>The result shows three perspectives which effects the stroke survivor´s lives. These three are physical, psychological and social. The result of this study shows that stroke limits a person’s life in many ways, and has a negative influence on quality of life. Feelings like anxiety are common, and also a fear of having another stroke. Another issue is social isolation, often caused by the physical changes. The physical changes can be dysphagia and paralysis.</p><p>Support and information is extremely important after a stroke. People who have suffered a stroke often feel fear to go out among other people and often feel like they are a burden to their family and friends. All these things change the person’s quality of life in different ways.</p><p><strong><p>Keywords: Stroke, Quality of life and experience</p></strong></p> / <p><p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva upplevelsen av livskvalitet hos människor som drabbats av stroke. Detta gjordes genom sökningar i databasen Cinahl och resulterade i att 17 artiklar inkluderades.</p><p>Resultatet av denna studie visar att en stroke medför många begränsningar för den som drabbas och detta kan påverka deras livskvalitet på ett negativt sätt. Känslor som oro och ångest är vanliga, samt en rädsla att drabbas av en ny stroke. Sociala svårigheter och isolering är ytterligare begränsningar. Den fysiska påfrestningen är otroligt påtaglig vilket ytterligare bidrar till den sociala isoleringen. Dessa fysiska påfrestningar kan till exempel vara dysfagi och förlamning. Stöd och information är oerhört viktigt i efterförloppet av en stroke. Människor som drabbas känner en rädsla för att gå ut bland andra och drar sig lätt undan. De har även en känsla av att alltid vara en börda för sina närstående, vilket leder till att de isolerar sig. Dessa delar sammantaget resulterar i försämrad livskvalitet för de flesta som drabbas, även om det finns undantag.Nyckelord: Stroke, livskvalitet och upplevelse</p></p>

<p>Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer which struck women around the world. When a human is exposed to threat or stress, e.g. breast cancer, different coping strategies are used in order to cope with the situation by the afflicted person. The aim of this literature study was to describe how women, who suffered from breast cancer, experienced coping with their situation. Scientific articles were found in the databases Medline (Pub Med) and Cinahl. A total of 14 articles were chosen regarding to the inclusion criteria and were assessed, analyzed and compiled. The result of the study showed that the women coped with their situation with different and varied strategies. These strategies were categorised in all ready known main categories: problem based, emotional, meaning based and religious coping. The sub categories that emerged under problem based were: seek and find support, educate oneself, have a positive attitude and remaining strategies, under emotional; avoidance and distraction, live a normal life, emotionally composed activities, the use of humour, have a passive attitude, under meaning based; acceptance, the will to survive, lean on hope, newfound meaning and personal development, under religious; faith and spirituality, the relationship to God, prayer for strength and support and remaining categories. Altogether the result displayed a variety of coping strategies that were different depending on the person and the unique situation and it is of great importance that medical staff possesses this knowledge in order to understand patients different ways to cope with their illness.</p> / <p>Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen som drabbar kvinnor världen över. När människan utsätts för hot och påfrestningar, som t ex vid bröstcancer, används olika copingstrategier av de drabbade för att hantera situationen. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur kvinnor med bröstcancer upplever att de hanterade sin situation. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna Medline (Pub Med) och Cinahl. Utifrån fastställda inklusionskriterier valdes 14 artiklar ut, dessa värderades, analyserades och sammanställdes. Resultatet visade att kvinnorna hanterade sin situation med olika och varierande strategier. Dessa strategier kategoriserades i de kända huvudkategorierna: problembaserad, emotionell, meningsbaserad och religiös coping. De underkategorier som framkom under problembaserad var; söka och finna stöd, utbilda sig, ha en positiv attityd och övriga strategier, under emotionell; undvikande och distraktion, leva ett normalt liv, känslostillande aktiviteter, använda humor, ha en passiv attityd, under meningsbaserad; accepterande, viljan att överleva, förlita sig på hopp, nyfunnen mening och personlig utveckling, under religiös; tro och andlighet, relationen till Gud, böner för styrka och stöd och övriga strategier. Sammantaget visade resultatet på en mångfald av copingstrategier som var olika beroende på individ och situation och det är av stor vikt att vårdpersonal har vetskap om detta för att kunna förstå patienters olika sätt att hantera sin situation.</p>

<p><em>Introduction: </em>In Sweden the definition of <em>ambulance nursing </em>is the examination and treatment of sick or injured people done by ambulance nurses during transport.  This means not only focus on the illness or injury but also the human being treated. The paramedic service must be based on the presumption that the medical needs of the patients are guaranteed, and that the expectations and demands of the public are satisfied. Competence and availability are basic terms for a well-functional paramedic service. There is a lot of pressure put on the people working with pre-hospital nursing. One mistake can lead to serious consequences for the patient. <em>Purpose: </em>The purpose of this study is describing patient’s experience of pre-hospital nursing. <em>Method:</em> The study is based on ten scientific articles. The articles were found on the internet by searching in the databases Academic Search Elite, Cinahl and MedLine. <em>Results:</em> The following themes have been identified: a feeling of uncertainty of the patient – how ill am I?, ambulance or own car?,  the patients worry about if the ambulance will arrive in time, voluntary self-surrender, patients experience of the competence of the staff, lack of understanding that an ambulance is more than a transport service. <em>Discussion:</em> Since the study is based on such a limited material it's not reasonable to draw any extensive conclusions. Still the results are so unanimous so we think that they are well worth to take into consideration.</p> / <p><em>Introduktion:</em> I Sverige definieras ambulanssjukvård med undersökningen och behandlingen av sjuka eller skadade människor, vilket utförs av ambulanspersonal i samband med transport. Ambulanssjukvården måste bygga på förutsättningen att patientens medicinska behov säkerställs och att allmänhetens förväntningar och krav blir tillgodosedda. Kompetens och tillgänglighet är grundläggande begrepp för en väl fungerande ambulanssjukvård. Det ställs stora krav på personalen inom den akuta prehospitala sjukvården. Ett enda felaktiga beslut kan få svåra konsekvenser för patienten. <em>Syfte:</em> Syftet med studien är att belysa patienters upplevelser av prehospital sjukvård. <em>Metod:</em> Litterturstudie vars resultat baseras på tio vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade 2003-2008. Litteratursökningen utfördes med de elektroniska databaserna Academic Serch Elite, CINAHL och MedLine<em>. Resultat:</em> De rubriker som identifierades var: en känsla av osäkerhet hos patienten, hur sjuk är jag?, ambulans eller egen bil?, oro hos patienten, när kommer ambulansen?, frivilligt "självöverlämnande", patienters upplevelse av personalens kompetens, och brist på insikt om att ambulans är mer än en transportservice. <em>Diskussion:</em> Att, utifrån ett begränsat material som det vi har arbetat med, dra några långtgående slutsatser är inte rimligt. Vi anser dock att samstämmigheten i resultatet är så god att vi vill klassa resultatet som väl värt att ta i beaktande.</p><p>                   </p> / Presentation är gjord via webben.

<p>This report presents a study of the effect of reusing experience in the Hazards and Operability Analysis method (HazOp method) with regards to how the effectiveness of the method is affected. The study was conducted by first creating a software tool for experience reuse in HazOp, then testing that tool in a student experiment in which the participants used the tool when conducting a HazOp.</p><p>During the experiment it was found that students using the tool found 21% more hazards in the system under study than their counterparts. After conducting the experiment it was found that there was a 94% certainty that this improvement was not due to random effects.</p>

<p>This thesis will discuss teachers handling of the background, experience and earlier acquired knowledge of students. Our aim is to study the teachers’ use of the cultural knowledge that of which the students already possess and the consideration the teachers have for the students own parental tongue. From this we want to see if there are any obstacles or pits with the work of gathering up experiences. The study is based on interviews with seven different teachers at a multi cultural elementary school in one the suburbs of Stockholm. We have in our thesis four central question formulations which this study rests upon and will be answered by our informants. The interviews will also help us to answer the question of the attitudes that the teachers take up towards the students and the impact of the near society.</p><p>The results of the interviews have been analyzed and they have given us an understanding that there is a multitude of factors that affect and obstruct the teachers’ work in taking charge of the students own experiences. Another result that we have come across from without the interviews made and our own analysis of them is that the teachers own attitudes and experiences are of great importance towards this work. A great awareness of self is therefore required as a teacher.</p>

<p>Aim: The aim was to describe adult patients quality of life after cardiac arrest and resuscitation with CPR. Method: A literature overview based on eight scientific articles and one master thesis. Results: The result is presented in three categories, physical, psychological and social quality of life. Sleeping disorders, fatigue and low energy level affected the physical quality of life in a negative way. The psychological quality of life was often impaired the first time after the cardiac arrest, to be improved over time. Number of patients described a will to change their life, to put priorities straight and live for the moment. The social quality of life was affected by several factors such as social isolation, work disability and impaired social network. Several patients had to move to sheltered accommodation and many more patients was relaying on others to manage their activity of daily living (ADL). Other patients described no change regarding their social quality of life. Conclusion: The results showed that very few people survived a cardiac arrest, but once survival was achieved, a fairly good quality of life could be expected. Several of the studies also showed that patients can have a good quality of life despite physical, psychological and social dysfunction.</p>

<p>The Innovation- and Design Engineer program at Karlstad university is a three year long engineer education. In the last phase a final piece is to be done and in this case Boda Borg in Skellefteå is the company in need of product development. Boda Borg is a company in the experience industry and they are located in nine cities from Gällivare in the north of Sweden to Karlskrona in the south. Boda Borg is a franchise company where every facility is their own. As a visitor you will experience physical challenges as well as intellectual in adventure rooms which are serial linked. A solved problem in one room gives access to the next and there are three to six rooms in a row.</p><p>Boda Borg in Skellefteå wants to exchange a third of their adventure rooms every year and are interested in developing rooms where more senses are involved. The task has been to create rooms or a concept where multiple senses are activated.</p><p>The work has been executed in seven phases: field studies, litterature study, idea generating, evaluation, choice of concept, concept development and finally development of presentation material. The field studies have been executed in two Boda Borg facilities (Karlskoga, Skellefteå) and also in other public facilities whose interests are to give the visitor an experience, for example museums. In the idea generating phase several methods were used to get as much ideas as possible in an unrestrained way. At the part time presentation three lanes containing three rooms each had been put together and at further evaluation a choice of concept could be done. The lane that distinguished the most from today’s lanes was chosen. The concept was developed.</p><p>In the concept we get to follow a musical superstar from rehearsal room to the stage via the recording studio. The lane has a distinct theme where the rooms are decorated like they were in the 50’s and some sound illustrations have been added to increase the experience. Humour has been added as well so the activity is experienced as funny rather than just an achievement.</p><p>To make the presentation legible details has been manufactured such as a funny wig and a platform on which dance is to be performed. A CAD model as well as a physical one has also been made. The computer program ArchiCAD was used to make the CAD model.</p>

<p>Background: In studies about Romani people’s health, it becomes clear that the Romani inseveral countries have a poor health and avoid seeking health care.Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore Romani men's experiences of treatmentin the Swedish health care.Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted with respondents about theirexperiences in individual interviews. Seven male Romanis were elected with a purposefulsample. A content analysis by systematic text condensation on the data obtained was made asdescribed by Granheim & Lundman (2004).Results: The summed up impressions of the responses was perceived to be good, however,many men believe that the information is inadequate. Staff at the emergency department inUppsala should listen more to patients. Less than half of men have felt discriminated againstwhen they sought treatment. More than half of respondents had experienced difficulties inhospitals when there may be a large number of visitors. Lack of understanding of the Romaniculture by health care professionals was experienced by almost all informants. A wish foropen-minded and respectful treatment was among the participants in the study.Conclusions: Culture and traditions have been shown to have a significant impact on theRomani men. It is essential that health professionals hold knowledge about the Romaniculture in order to satisfy the best response from this population.</p>